Culturally Responsive Teaching: a Resource Guide for Teachers

Culturally Responsive Teaching: A Resource Guide for Teachers The purpose of this project was to bring to the attention of educators the need to become culturally responsive in their teaching practices. Given the changing demographics within schools in the United States, educators must improve and enhance the learning conditions for their students by understanding the ethnic and cultural backgrounds of all students. A one-day teacher in-service was developed to address the need for educators to develop the practices of culturally responsive teaching while providing this audience with practical examples, information, and strategies to help them more successfully engage their diverse student population in learning

Electron Diffraction Study of the Structure of Trimethylphosphine

The structural parameters of gaseous trimethylphosphine, including standard errors, were found to be as follows: center of gravity bond distances were rCP=1.8465±0.003 A, and rCH=1.091±0.006 A; angles were <C☒P☒C=98.6±0.3°, and <P☒C☒H=110.7±0.5°; root‐mean‐square amplitudes of vibration were lCP=0.054±0.003 A, lCH=0.073±0.006 A, lP— —H=0.110±0.006 A, and lC— —C=0.084±0.005 A. The methyl groups were observed to be in staggered configurations analogous to those in ethane, with rotational barriers probably 1.5 kcal/mole or higher. A brief structural comparison with halogen derivatives and hydrides is presented.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70229/2/JCPSA6-32-2-512-1.pd

Structures of CF3Cl and CH3Cl

The molecular structures of CF3Cl and CH3Cl were determined by refined procedures of electron diffraction. For CF3Cl, the most probable C☒F and C☒Cl distances are 1.328 A and 1.751 A respectively and ∠FCF=108.6°. Results for CH3Cl agree with the complete microwave determination. Vibrational amplitudes are in agreement with approximate calculations by Morino.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70122/2/JCPSA6-23-10-1860-1.pd

The United Kingdom smart meter rollout through an energy justice lens

The United Kingdom’s Smart Meter Implementation Programme (SMIP) creates the legal framework so that an in-home display unit and a smart gas and electricity meter can be installed in every household by the end of 2020. Intended to reduce household energy consumption, the SMIP is one of the world’s most complex smart meter rollouts. It is also proving to be a challenging one as a series of obstacles has characterised and potentially restricted implementation. This chapter first gives background to the most recent smart meter roll out developments in the UK and second, uses an energy justice framework to explore the emergent challenges under the titles of distributional justice, procedural justice and justice as recognition. Applying this framework to an analysis of the UK SMIP provides opportunities to accurately record, present and expose potential forthcoming injustices. In light of this, we offer a series of policy recommendations

The investigation of vertebral injury sustained during aircrew ejection. Phase 2a - Basic science experimental design and investigation of dynamic characteristics of vertebral columns considered as an engineering structure Annual report, 1 Nov. 1966 - 31 Oct. 1967

Dynamic strength studies on human vertebrae for correlation with data on effects of forcible ejection from disabled aircraf

Refined Procedure for Analysis of Electron Diffraction Data and Its Application to CCl4

A refined procedure for obtaining the structure of free molecules from electron diffraction data is described which compensates for the interference arising from non‐nuclear scattering. The procedure is applied to CCl4 using somewhat more extensive rotating sector data than has hitherto been published for this molecule. Estimates are made for the first time in electron diffraction results of the effect of anharmonicity of vibration on the measurement of internuclear distance and of the effect of the failure of the Born approximation on the measurement of amplitudes of vibration. A method of estimating the reliability of the results is described.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71343/2/JCPSA6-23-10-1854-1.pd

Unique transcriptomic landscapes identified in idiopathic spontaneous and infection related preterm births compared to normal term births.

Preterm birth (PTB) is leading contributor to infant death in the United States and globally, yet the underlying mechanistic causes are not well understood. Histopathological studies of preterm birth suggest advanced villous maturity may have a role in idiopathic spontaneous preterm birth (isPTB). To better understand pathological and molecular basis of isPTB, we compared placental villous transcriptomes from carefully phenotyped cohorts of PTB due to infection or isPTB between 28-36 weeks gestation and healthy term placentas. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a unique expression signature for isPTB distinct from the age-matched controls that were delivered prematurely due to infection. This signature included the upregulation of three IGF binding proteins (IGFBP1, IGFBP2, and IGFBP6), supporting a role for aberrant IGF signaling in isPTB. However, within the isPTB expression signature, we detected secondary signature of inflammatory markers including TNC, C3, CFH, and C1R, which have been associated with placental maturity. In contrast, the expression signature of the gestational age-matched infected samples included upregulation of proliferative genes along with cell cycling and mitosis pathways. Together, these data suggest an isPTB molecular signature of placental hypermaturity, likely contributing to the premature activation of inflammatory pathways associated with birth and providing a molecular basis for idiopathic spontaneous birth

Photon Spectrum Produced by the Late Decay of a Cosmic Neutrino Background

We obtain the photon spectrum induced by a cosmic background of unstable neutrinos. We study the spectrum in a variety of cosmological scenarios and also we allow for the neutrinos having a momentum distribution (only a critical matter dominated universe and neutrinos at rest have been considered until now). Our results can be helpful when extracting bounds on neutrino electric and magnetic moments from cosmic photon background observations.Comment: RevTex, 14 pages, 3 figures; minor changes, references added. To appear in Phys. Rev.

Dimming Supernovae without Cosmic Acceleration

We present a simple model where photons propagating in extra-galactic magnetic fields can oscillate into very light axions. The oscillations may convert some of the photons departing a distant supernova into axions, making the supernova appear dimmer and hence more distant than it really is. Averaging over different configurations of the magnetic field we find that the dimming saturates at about 1/3 of the light from the supernovae at very large redshifts. This results in a luminosity-distance vs. redshift curve almost indistinguishable from that produced by the accelerating Universe, if the axion mass and coupling scale are m ~ 10^-16 eV, M ~ 4 10^11 GeV. This phenomenon may be an alternative to the accelerating Universe for explaining supernova observations.Comment: 11 pages, LaTex, 2 figures included. Comments on effects of refraction within galaxies and references adde

The Contributions of Muscle and Machine Work to Land and Labor Productivity in World Agriculture Since 1800

Since 1800, there have been enormous changes in mechanical technologies farmers use and in the relative contributions of human and animal muscles and machines to farm work. We develop a database from 1800 to 2012 of on-farm physical work in world agriculture from muscles and machines. We do so to analyze how on-farm physical work has contributed to changes in land and human labor productivities. We find two distinct periods. First, from 1800 to around 1950, land productivity (measured as kcal food supply per hectare of cropland) was relatively stagnant at about 1.7 million kcal/ha, in part due to a scarcity of on-farm physical work. During this period, physical work was scarce because most of on-farm physical work (approximately 80% in 1950) was being powered by low power, low energy efficiency muscle work provided by humans and draft animals. From 1950 to 2012, land productivity nearly tripled as more machine-based work inputs became available. The additional machine-based work inputs have contributed to the growth in land and labor productivities, as they have enabled farmers to control more physical work enabling more irrigation and agrochemical applications. However, the tripling of land productivity has required a near 4.5-fold increase in physical work per hectare, suggesting diminishing returns. Farmers accomplished this extra work with less final energy because they transitioned from low-efficiency muscle work to high-efficiency machines which drove farm-wide energy conversion efficiency up fourfold from 1950 to 2012. By 1990, machine conversion efficiencies started to plateau. Given diminishing returns and plateauing efficiencies, we predict that fuel and electricity usage on farms will increase to continue raising land productivity