Effects of Potassium, Sulfur, Nitrogen Rate, And Nitrogen Source on Bromegrass Forage Yield and Composition

Production of adequate , high-quality forage is essential for Alaska's livestock industry. Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis) is the dominant and most dependable perennial forage crop in the Matanuska Valley and other areas of Alaska. Four areas of Knik silt loam on the University of Alaska's Matanuska Research Farm near Palmer were seeded to bromegrass and were used over a period of 18 years to determine the need of high-yielding bromegrass for applications of potassium (K) and sulfur (S). A bromegrass field on the Woods estate two miles south of Palmer was selected in 1976 for a study comparing three rates of two nitrogen (N) sources with and without S. The soil type was Bodenburg silt loam

The Evolution of Male-Biased Dispersal under the Joint Selective Forces of Inbreeding Load and Demographic and Environmental Stochasticity

Acknowledgments We thank G. Bocedi, S. Palmer, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts. R.C.H. was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (1271380). Simulations were performed on the University of Aberdeen’s Maxwell high performance computing cluster.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Erratum to: Handling Missing Data in Within-Trial Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: A Review with Future Recommendations.

Reference 5, which reads: 5. Manca P, Palmer S. Handling missing values in cost effectiveness analyses that use data from cluster randomized trials. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2006;4:65–75. Should read: 5. Manca A, Palmer S. Handling missing data in patientlevel cost-effectiveness analysis alongside randomised clinical trials. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2005;4:65–75

Using Herbicide Programs to Control Weeds in Corn (Zea mays L.) and Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Field studies were conducted to evaluate control of Amaranthus species and other weeds in corn and cotton. In corn, Palmer amaranth control was at least 90% with preemergence applications of fluthiacet‐methyl plus pyroxasulfone, atrazine plus either acetochlor, alachlor, dimethenamid‐P, S‐metolachlor, or S‐metolachlor plus mesotrione, saflufenacil plus dimethenamid‐P, and S‐metolachlor plus mesotrione. When using postemergence herbicides applied to Palmer amaranth less than 5 cm tall, atrazine, prosulfuron, and topramezone alone or the combinations of atrazine plus S‐metolachlor plus glyphosate, diflufenzopyr plus dicamba, dimethenamid plus glyphosate, halosulfuron‐methyl plus dicamba, mesotrione plus S‐metolachlor plus glyphosate, pyroxasulfone plus glyphosate, and thiencarbazone‐methyl plus tembotrione provided at least 91% control. In cotton, pyrithiobac applied preemergence resulted in no greater than 63% of control of Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp at the early season rating. Pendimethalin applied preemergence provided varied levels of control of common waterhemp. Trifluralin, applied preplant incorporated, consistently provided at least 86% or greater control of both species. A decreased level of control of both Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp was observed with pendimethalin applied preemergence followed by pyrithiobac‐applied early postemergence and followed by glufosinate applied mid‐post. Systems which included an early postemergence and mid‐postemergence application of glyphosate plus 2,4‐d choline provided at least 94% season‐long Palmer amaranth control

Defining Petrophysical Units of the Palmer Deep Sites from Leg 178

Palmer Deep, on the inner continental shelf southwest of Anvers Island off the Antarctic Peninsula, is a glacially overdeepened basin consisting of three subbasins. Two sites, 1098 and 1099, were drilled in the Palmer Deep area. A high-resolution porosity curve has been calculated from density data and subsequently plotted against the shipboard lithologic logs. These new data correspond accurately to the lithologic logs, magnetic susceptibility, and gamma ray attenuation (GRA) density data and offer information on the heterogeneity of the sediments. Petrophysical groups have been generated to investigate interrelationships between different physical attributes. To develop these petrophysical groups, crossplots of the available physical properties data were performed. The results for the GRA density and magnetic susceptibility crossplots demonstrate distinct clusters. Plotting the magnetic susceptibility and GRA density data logs (divided into these new petrophysical groups) against lithology provided information to subdivide the lithologic unit(s) into a series of petrophysical units

Management Considerations for Palmer Amaranth in a Northern Great Plains Soybean Production System

Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) was first observed in a South Dakota field in 2015. This study assessed Palmer amaranth growth based on planting date (PD), impact on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield, and response of seedlings of South Dakota biotype seedlings to herbicides with different mechanisms of action (MOA). Soybean yield loss was influenced by Palmer amaranth density in 2016 (p = 0.001), with yield losses of 33% at densities greater than 15 plants m−2 (R2 = 0.65), although yield losses at low densities were greater than predicted by the fitted model. In 2017, yield loss was not correlated to Palmer amaranth density when Palmer amaranth established later in the season. Relative growth rates (RGR) of Palmer amaranth (based on plant volumes) were rapid just after transplanting, irrespective of the initial PD (ranging from mid-May to mid-June). Late-planted cohorts had lower final volumes (0.23 m3) at August harvest compared with early planted cohorts (6.5 m3), but even late-planted cohorts were two to three times larger than other common South Dakota Amaranth species [A. retroflexus L. and A. tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer], which emerged at similar times. In greenhouse studies, labeled rates of atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine)), and mesotrione (2-[4-(methysulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoyl]-1,3-cyclohexanedione) did not control Palmer amaranth plants grown from SD biotype seed, but were controlled with S-metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methyethyl]acetamide), dicamba [3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid], and glufosinate (2-amino-4(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid). However, Palmer amaranth biotypes resistant to S-metolachlor, dicamba, and several other herbicides have been reported, so techniques to limit future herbicide resistance should be followed

Knowledge-based banking: The bankers’ experience on OKS (Online Knowledge Sharing)

This paper outlines the results from a web-based survey of first time users of a bankers online knowledge sharing. Palmer´s web metrics were used to investigate the effects of key website characteristics on intention to return, satisfaction and self-efficacy. Partial least squares estimation was used to estimate both the measurement and structural parameters in our structural equation model. Statistical significance of the main relationships provided strong empirical support for author conceptual framework

Survey and Prevalence of Palmer Amaranth Herbicide Resistance in South Carolina

Palmer amaranth is a troublesome weed for growers to control, not only due to its aggressive growth characteristics that limit row-crop production, but because of its resistance to different herbicide modes of action. The first case of herbicide resistance in Palmer amaranth was detected in 1989 and has since grown to nine different herbicide classes throughout the United States. New herbicide modes of action have not been developed since the 1980s, so proper stewardship of the remaining modes of action is important for effective control of Palmer amaranth. Increased herbicide resistance from states bordering South Carolina have been reported; therefore, a statewide survey of Palmer amaranth was conducted to screen for resistance to nine selected herbicides. Results from the survey showed that 2,4-D, glufosinate, and dicamba were effective postemergence herbicides for control Palmer amaranth in South Carolina. Isoxaflutole and fomesafen were effective in controlling Palmer amaranth, but a few populations showed evidence of potential resistance. Glyphosate accounted for most of the resistance as many populations were not controlled. The dose response study for glyphosate showed that five biotypes with resistance levels of 6.66, 17.45, 29.87, 12.42, and 13.13 times greater to a known susceptible biotype. Palmer amaranth response to thifensulfuron-methyl varied which indicated the populations were mixed. Results from the thifensulfuron dose-response study confirmed thifensulfuron sensitivity was present in the five selected biotypes. Populations also showed resistance to s-metolachlor and atrazine and is a concern for future use of these herbicides for South Carolina growers. Results from these studies demonstrated high levels of resistance to glyphosate, whereas thifensulfuron-sensitive populations were higher than anticipated in South Carolina. Atrazine and s-metolachlor showed signs of reduced efficacy on Palmer amaranth. Fomesafen, isoxaflutole, 2,4-D, glufosinate, and dicamba were the most effective herbicides for Palmer amaranth management

Beyond the Canon: Second Looks at Oft-Neglected Books

Kirk S. Palmer - Associate Editor, Crossroads1959