EU’s økonomiske politik – i lyset af Corona-krisen

Artiklen fokuserer på koordineringen af Eurolandenes finanspolitik. Koordinering er den centrale finanspolitiske udfordring som følge af krav om enstemmighed ved budgetændringer og et budget på kun omkring 1 pct. af BNP. Siden etableringen af Den Økonomiske og Monetære Union fra 1999 er kløften mellem nordlige og sydlige medlemslande blevet markant forøget, når kriteriet er samfundsøkonomisk indre og ydre balance – og der er ikke udsigt til, at Corona-krisen ændrer på dette. Det vises, at reglerne for koordineringen af finanspolitikken ikke har et fagligt – men et ideologisk – grundlag – ligesom de var vildledende op til Finanskrisen. Derfor bør disse regler ændres

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Force, charge, and conductance of an ideal metallic nanowire

The conducting and mechanical properties of a metallic nanowire formed at the junction between two macroscopic metallic electrodes are investigated. Both two- and three-dimensional wires with a W(ide)-N(arrow)-W(ide) geometry are modelled in the free-electron approximation with hard-wall boundary conditions. Tunneling and quantum-size effects are treated exactly using the scattering matrix formalism. Oscillations of order E_F/lambda_F in the tensile force are found when the wire is stretched to the breaking point, which are synchronized with quantized jumps in the conductance. The force and conductance are shown to be essentially independent of the width of the wide sections (electrodes). The exact results are compared with an adiabatic approximation; the later is found to overestimate the effects of tunneling, but still gives qualitatively reasonable results for nanowires of length L>>lambda_F, even for this abrupt geometry. In addition to the force and conductance, the net charge of the nanowire is calculated and the effects of screening are included within linear response theory. Mesoscopic charge fluctuations of order e are predicted which are strongly correlated with the mesoscopic force fluctuations. The local density of states at the Fermi energy exhibits nontrivial behavior which is correlated with fine structure in the force and conductance, showing the importance of treating the whole wire as a mesoscopic system rather than treating only the narrow part.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figure

Challenges of Reducing Phosphorus Based Water Eutrophication in the Agricultural Landscapes of Northwest Europe

ISI Document Delivery No.: HJ7HC Times Cited: 1 Cited Reference Count: 180 Bol, Roland Gruau, Gerard Mellander, Per-Erik Dupas, Remi Bechmann, Marianne Skarbovik, Eva Bieroza, Magdalena Djodjic, Faruk Glendell, Miriam Jordan, Philip Van der Grift, Bas Rode, Michael Smolders, Erik Verbeeck, Mieke Gu, Sen Klumpp, Erwin Pohle, Ina Fresne, Maelle Gascuel-Odoux, Chantal van der Grift, Bas/0000-0003-4069-6703 INSU-CNRS Earth Sciences and Astronomy Observatory of Rennes (OSUR); Loire-Brittany Water Agency (AELB); French Catchment Network Observatory (SOERE Reseau des Bassins Versants) The INSU-CNRS Earth Sciences and Astronomy Observatory of Rennes (OSUR), the Loire-Brittany Water Agency (AELB), and the French Catchment Network Observatory (SOERE Reseau des Bassins Versants) are thanked for their financial support to the international workshop meeting which was held in Rennes (France) between 24th and 26th October 2017 and whose outputs and discussions have served as a basis for constructing this paper. 1 0 Frontiers media sa Lausanne 2296-7745In this paper, we outline several recent insights for the priorities and challenges for future research for reducing phosphorus (P) based water eutrophication in the agricultural landscapes of Northwest Europe. We highlight that new research efforts best be focused on headwater catchments as they are a key influence on the initial chemistry of the larger river catchments, and here many management interventions are most effectively made. We emphasize the lack of understanding on how climate change will impact on P losses from agricultural landscapes. Particularly, the capability to disentangle current and future trends in P fluxes, due to climate change itself, from climate driven changes in agricultural management practices and P inputs. Knowing that, future climatic change trajectories for Western Europe will accelerate the release of the most bioavailable soil P. We stress the ambiguities created by the large varieties of sources and storage/transfer processes involved in P emissions in landscapes and the need to develop specific data treatment methods or tracers able to circumvent them, thereby helping catchment managers to identify the ultimate P sources that most contribute to diffuse P emissions. We point out that soil and aqueous P exist not only in various chemical forms, but also in range of less considered physical forms e. g., dissolved, nanoparticulate, colloidal and other particulates, all affected differently by climate as well as other environmental factors, and require bespoke mitigation measures. We support increased high resolution monitoring of headwater catchments, to not only help verify the effectiveness of catchments mitigation strategies, but also add data to further develop new water quality models (e.g., those include Fe-P interactions) which can deal with climate and land use change effects within an uncertainty framework. We finally conclude that there is a crucial need for more integrative research efforts to deal with our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms and processes associated with the identification of critical source areas, P mobilization, delivery and biogeochemical processing, as otherwise even highintensity and high-resolution research efforts will only reveal an incomplete picture of the full global impact of the terrestrial derived P on downstream aquatic and marine ecosystems