Protocolo e segurança

ResPublica : Revista Lusófona de Ciência Política, Segurança e Relações InternacionaisA aplicabilidade de qualquer tipo de protocolo exige um ambiente seguro e funcional. Da área da segurança espera-se proteção e eficácia. Qualquer protocolo precisa de segurança para desenvolver a sua atividade, assim como a segurança precisa de ferramentas protocolares para se fazer cumprir. Sendo o Protocolo do Estado e o Protocolo Oficial, instrumentos máximos nas designações formais dos relacionamentos institucionais, deles derivam: ordem, obediência e segurança. Este triângulo virtuoso do Protocolo do Estado impõe-se pela ação que é desenvolvida tendo como matriz a previsibilidade dos atos, a antecipação de constrangimentos e o afastamento dos conflitos. A segurança tem como primeiro objetivo a proteção das pessoas e instituições. A este primeiro conceito de defesa da integridade geral associa-se o da assunção da garantia da independência. Numa época de fortes ameaças, espera-se o reforço de medidas de segurança que não dispensem normas e regras protocolares. Setor público e privado partilham a gestão de competências securitárias e, por isso, é premente aprofundar estratégias de convivência onde os instrumentos do protocolo terão sempre um papel galvanizador e conciliador entre os agentes.The applicability of any type of protocol requires a safe and functional environment. From the security area we expect protection and efficiency. Any protocol needs security to develop his actions as well as the security needs protocol tools to be enforced. Being the State Protocol and the Official Protocol maximum instruments in the formal designations of the institutional relationships, from them derive: order, obedience and security. This virtuous triangle of the State Protocol is based on the predictability of acts, the anticipation of constraints and the conflict avoidance. Security has as its first objetive the protection of people and institutions. This first concept of general integrity defence is associated with the promotion of independence. In a time of strong threats, it is expected the increment of the security measures that do not exempt protocol norms and rules. The public and private sectors share the management of security competencies and, therefore, it is urgent to deepen strategies of coexistence where the instruments of the protocol will always have a conciliatory role among the agents

The Great War and the Fifth International Psychoanalytic Congress in Budapest: psychoanalysis in the 1910s

este artigo estuda a psicanálise na década de 1910 e tem o objetivo de entender os impactos da Grande Guerra e da neurose dos soldados para o conhecimento e o movimento psicanalítico que ocorreu no Congresso Psicanalítico Internacional de 1918 em Budapeste. Metodologia: em diálogo com os estudos culturais da Grande Guerra e da história intelectual, foram pesquisados os espaços psicanalíticos da sociabilidade, como a Associação Psicanalítica Internacional e seus congressos. Originalidade: a partir de uma profunda revisão historiográfica, é estabelecido que há poucas publicações detalhadas sobre o Congresso de Budapeste. Este artigo preenche lacunas e sintetiza os achados prévios sobre o congresso, além de conectar as historiografias da psicanálise e da Primeira Guerra Mundial. Conclusões: o Congresso de Budapeste significou um marco temporal da psicanálise, por se tratar do primeiro reconhecimento governamental do tratamento psicanalítico, das mudanças teóricas produzidas pela neurose de guerra e das modificações institucionais na Associação Psicanalítica Internacional, como a expansão e a democratização do tratamento psicanalítico.This article studies psychoanalysis in the 1910s and aims to understand the impacts of the Great War and soldiers' neurosis on the psychoanalytic movement and knowledge through the Fifth International Psychoanalytic Congress in 1918 in Budapest. Methodology: In dialogue with cultural studies on the Great War and intellectual history, this paper investigates psychoanalytical spaces of sociability, such as the International Psychoanalytical Association and its congresses. Originality: A thorough historiographical review reveals few detailed publications on the Budapest Congress itself. This article fills the gap by synthesizing prior findings about the congress, connecting the historiographies of psychoanalysis and World War I. Conclusions: The congress in Budapest was a milestone for psychoanalysis, considering the first governmental recognition of psychoanalytical treatment, theoretical changes produced by war neurosis, and institutional modifications in the International Psychoanalytical Association, such as the expansion and democratization of psychoanalytical treatment

Trace elements accumulation in the sea lamprey along the major hydrographic basins of Portugal

Trace elements accumulation in the sea lamprey along the major hydrographic basins of Portuga

Stability of finite difference schemes for complex diffusion processes

In this paper we present a rigorous proof for the stability of a class of finite difference schemes applied to nonlinear complex diffusion equations. Complex diffusion is a common and broadly used denoising procedure in image processing. To illustrate the theoretical results we present some numerical examples based on an explicit scheme applied to a nonlinear equation in the context of image denoising.FCT PTDC/SAU-ENB/111139/200

„Schnelle Mode” – Nachhaltigkeit und Klimawandel. Vergleichende Forschung in Kroatien und Portugal

The fast fashion model is one where the fashion industry produces pieces of clothing in keeping with the latest trends, with low storage and high turnover, making the marketing of the products quick and giving consumers new clothes at affordable prices while increasing the amount of possible produced textile residues from being reused. This article examines the concept of fast fashion and its impact on climate change through an observational analytic comparative study of Portugal and Croatia. Using this type of study, the investigator samples a source population cross-sectionally and then retrospectively assesses the histories of exposures and outcomes of the subjects over a specified time period. The target populations of this study are that of Portugal and Croatia. A questionnaire was conducted, and additional data were collected from the analysis of waste reports and from Eurostat. The results were evaluated using the IBM SPSS Statistics program through descriptive statistics and the Chi-Square independence test. Results show that Portugal has a larger volume of clothing purchases as compared to Croatia, while at the same time Portugal produces more textile waste so the impact on the environment is higher. One of the main reasons associated with the higher production of textile waste is related to the increase of fast fashion. It is therefore important to encourage a circular economy, to stress the importance of stimulating the recycling of textile materials and emphasise the need for increasing the collection of clothing, as well as to invest in recycling technologies. A new model for the textile sector is necessary, one in which clothing, fabrics, and fibres re-enter the economy after use and never end up as waste through the creation of a closed system.Model „brze mode“ u modnoj industriji podrazumijeva proizvodnju trendovskih odjevnih predmeta koji imaju kratko vrijeme skladištenja i oglašavanja te su dostupni kupcima po povoljnim cijenama. Međutim, takav način proizvodnje potencijalno povećava količinu tekstilnog otpada. U ovom radu istražujemo koncept „brze mode“ i njen utjecaj na klimatske promjene usporedbom između Portugala i Hrvatske. Istraživanje je istodobno opisno i analitičko. Primjeri dolaze iz presjeka populacija ovih dviju zemalja, nakon čega se retrospektivno analizira povijest predmeta istraživanja kroz izloženost ovom fenomenu i posljedice te izloženosti tijekom određenog vremenskog razdoblja. Podatke smo prikupili pomoću upitnika te analizom izvještaja o otpadu i podataka iz EuroStata. Rezultate smo analizirali pomoću programa IBM SPSS koristeći deskriptivnu statistiku i hi-kvadrat test. Rezultati su pokazali da se u Portugalu kupuju veće količine odjevnih predmeta u odnosu na Hrvatsku te da Portugal proizvodi više tekstilnog otpada pa je time veći i njegov učinak na okoliš. „Brza moda“ je jedan od glavnih razloga za povećanje količine tekstilnog otpada. Upozoravamo na važnost poticanja kružne ekonomije, stimuliranja reciklaže tekstilnih materijala, povećanjem sakupljanja tekstila i ulaganja u reciklažne tehnologije. Ključno je stvaranje novog modela zatvorenog ekonomskog sustava za tekstilni sektor u kojem bi se odjeća i materijali ponovno koristili te ne bi završavali kao otpad.Unter dem Modell „der schnellen Mode“ versteht man in der Modeindustrie die Herstellung von Trendkleidung, die eine kurze Lager- und Werbezeit hat und für Kunden zu günstigen Preisen erhältlich ist. Diese Produktionsweise verursacht jedoch möglicherweise eine große Menge des Textilabfalls. In dieser Arbeit erforschen wir das Konzept „der schnellen Mode“ und seinen Einfluß auf den Klimawandel auf Grund eines Vergleichs zwischen Portugal und Kroatien. Die Forschung ist zur gleichen Zeit deskriptiv und analytisch. Die Beispiele stammen aus dem Schnitt der Bevölkerung dieser zwei Länder, danach analysieren wir rückblickend die Geschichte des Forschungsgegenstands durch die Ausgesetztheit diesem Phänomen, sowie die Folgen dieser Ausgesetztheit im Laufe einer bestimmten Zeit. Die Angaben haben wir mit Hilfe von Fragebogen und durch die Analyse der Berichte über Abfälle und Angaben von EuroStat gesammelt. Die Resultate haben wir mit Hilfe des IBM SPSS-Programms unter Anwendung der deskriptiven Statistik und des Chi-Quadrat-Tests analysiert. Die Resultate haben gezeigt, dass man in Portugal mehr Kleidungsstücke als in Kroatien kauft, und dass Portugal mehr Textilabfall produziert, somit ist seine Auswirkung auf die Umwelt größer. „Schnelle Mode“ ist einer der Hauptgründe für die Erhöhung der Menge des Textilabfalls. Wir weisen auf die Wichtigkeit der Unterstützung der Kreiswirtschaft hin, auf Förderung der Wiederverwertung von Textilstoffen, indem Textilien gesammelt werden und man in Wiedeverwetungstechnologie investiert. Am wichtigsten ist die Schaffung eines neuen Modells des geschlossenen Wirtschaftssystems für die Textilbranche, in dem man Kleidung und Materialien wieder verwenden würde und sie nicht auf dem Abfall landeten

Do citizens trust the civil service differently? Comparing the determinants of confidence in political-administrative institutions

This paper asks whether citizens judge public administration to be trustworthy using different criteria from other political institutions. Using survey data, we estimate ordered logistic and multivariate regressions to compare the determinants of trust in six different political-administrative institutions. Findings show that social trust, political interest, as well as other individual characteristics, have very similar effects on trust regardless of the institution. The evidence shows that people who are older and more educated, interested in politics, and employed in the public sector, are only slightly more likely to make some sort of distinction. Implications for non-discriminant judgement mechanisms are discussed.This study was conducted at Research Center in Political Science [UID/CPO/0758/2019], University of Minho, and was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science through national funds

Interplay between R513 methylation and S516 phosphorylation of the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel

Arginine methylation is a novel post-translational modification within the voltage-gated ion channel superfamily, including the cardiac sodium channel, Naᵥ1.5. We show that Naᵥ1.5 R513 methylation decreases S516 phosphorylation rate by 4 orders of magnitude, the first evidence of protein kinase A inhibition by arginine methylation. Reciprocally, S516 phosphorylation blocks R513 methylation. Naᵥ1.5 p.G514C, associated to cardiac conduction disease, abrogates R513 methylation, while leaving S516 phosphorylation rate unchanged. This is the first report of methylation–phosphorylation cross-talk of a cardiac ion channel

Metal cycling in salt marshes and intertidal mudflats : influence of plants, invertebrates and fishes

Tese de doutoramento, Biologia (Ecologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2015Estuaries face different anthropogenic pressures as a consequence of their privileged location and high productivity, and thus a diverse array of pollutants enter the ecosystem. Metals are of particular concern, due to their persistent and non-degradable character and pernicious effects exerted on the biota. Metals are found in several compartments of the estuarine ecosystem. They may be in dissolved or particulate forms in the water column, sorbeb on the sediments or accumulated in the biota. This thesis aimed to determine the effect of the sediment-organism interactions in metals’ cycling in salt marsh and intertidal sediments. Special attention was given to metal speciation, to assess the mobility and bioavailability of such elements. Total metal concentration was determined in tissues of two fish species occupying different levels in the estuarine trophic web, as well as in bottom sediments, to assess metal exposure and accumulation in fish tissues. Sequential extractions were made in rhizosediments of three halophytes and adjacent bare mud flat sediments from two different salt marshes. Operationally defined fractions were obtained using solution of increasing strength and acidity, to evaluate the effect of halophytes on metal availability. Two laboratory trials were conducted in which metal fractionation was assessed in on sediments before and after passing through the gut of the two species. The results of these works indicate that metal accumulation in estuarine sediments can affect the accumulation in fish tissues. Sediment-organism interactions alter metal mobility in the sediments. Salt marsh plants tend to immobilize metals in their rhizosediments, while the ingestion of sediment by and detritivorous species, and subsequent excretion of fecal pellets, makes some metals more bioavailable to the estuarine trophic web.Os estuários enfrentam diferentes pressões antropogénicas inerentes à sua localização privilegiada e elevada produtividade, e têm como consequência a presença mais ou menos acentuada de diversos tipos de poluentes. A persistência e o carácter não degradável dos metais no ambiente é particularmente preocupante, tendo em conta os efeitos nocivos que podem exercer no biota. Os metais podem ocupar vários compartimentos num estuário, e.g., na coluna de água (dissolvidos ou particulados), adsorvidos ao sedimento ou acumulados nos organismos. A presente tese teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito das interações organismo-sedimento na dinâmica de metais em sedimentos de sapal e áreas intertidais adjacentes, incidindo em particular na especiação dos metais e na sua disponibilização para a teia trófica estuarina. Para avaliar a exposição de duas espécies de peixes de diferentes níveis da teia trófica estuarina à contaminação por metais no sedimento, determinaram-se as concentrações totais em tecidos e em sedimentos superficiais. Analisou-se também a especiação dos metais nos sedimentos entre raízes de três halófitas e nos sedimentos sem coberto vegetal, em dois sapais. Extraíram-se sequencialmente frações operacionais com soluções de força e/ou acidez crescente, para avaliar o impacto dos organismos na mobilidade dos metais. Realizaram-se ainda duas experiências em que se determinou a especiação dos metais no sedimento antes e depois da ingestão por duas espécies de diferentes grupos taxonómicos. Concluiu-se que a acumulação de metais no sedimento estuarino pode afetar a acumulação nos tecidos das espécies selecionadas. A interação sedimento-organismo conduz a alterações da dinâmica dos metais; a ação das plantas de sapal potencia a imobilização de alguns elementos, sendo o efeito da ingestão de sedimento por organismos detritívoros aparentemente contrário, disponibilizando os metais sob formas mais acessíveis à teia trófica estuarinaFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), SFRH/BD/37926/2007, projetos PEst-OE/MAR/UI0199/2014, POCI/MAR/58548/200

Exploring children's views and experiences in the frontline of poverty in Catalonia : a qualitative and participatory approach

One in three children and adolescents is currently living in poverty in Catalonia. Most specialised research has been concerned with assessing and questioning current legal frameworks and policies to combat child poverty mainly through quantitative approaches. However, these approaches neglect the specific experiences, perspectives, and visions of children and their potential to provide important clues for the design and evaluation of policies to eradicate poverty. It is also uncommon to include the experiences and views of social intervention staff who often work in situations of extreme budgetary reductions with remedial-not transformative-models. The article presents some findings from a qualitative study commissioned by UNICEF to explore this double experience from the point of view of its protagonists on the front line, drawing on fieldwork carried out before the Covid-19 pandemic that aggravated the living conditions of the most vulnerable sectors of society. The results show a shared perception of the impact of material deprivation in all spheres of life, but also diversity in coping perspectives and understanding of the structural factors that cause inequality and poverty, as well as the possible responses to overcome them. They also reveal the need to further explore child poverty as a gendered experience