Hazardous alcohol use: screening and brief intervention as routine practice in primary care

The variety of problems related to the so-called hazardous patterns of alcohol use make the latter a prominent public health concern. Screening instruments associated with brief interventions in primary care provide one of the frequently recommended secondary prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to assess the implementation of this strategy as a routine practice in primary health care services in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A qualitative design was employed, including the application of semi-structured interviews for managers and health care professionals in the city's public health system, in addition to content analysis and participant observation. Results point to difficulties in the effective implementation of such routines both by managers and health care professionals. Health care professionals limit the approach to alcohol-dependent patients and demonstrate lack of motivation for preventive work. Health services managers experience difficulties in the organization and administration of such instruments, despite affirming their interest in the project.Tendo em vista os diversos problemas associados ao assim chamado uso de risco de álcool, ele é considerado uma relevante questão de saúde pública. Uma das estratégias de prevenção secundária recomendadas é a utilização de instrumentos de rastreamento associados a intervenções breves em serviços de atenção primária à saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o processo de implantação desta estratégia na rotina de atenção primária à saúde da cidade de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa, incluindo a aplicação de entrevistas semi-estruturadas a gestores e/ou profissionais da assistência do Sistema Municipal de Saúde, associadas à análise de conteúdo e observação participante. Os resultados indicam que há dificuldades para a implantação efetiva destas rotinas, tanto em relação aos gestores quanto aos profissionais envolvidos diretamente na sua execução. Quanto aos profissionais destacam-se a restrição da abordagem a dependentes de álcool e a falta de motivação dos profissionais para trabalhos preventivos. Quanto aos gestores, foram detectadas dificuldades práticas no processo de organização e gerenciamento, a despeito de um afirmado interesse no projeto.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Instituto de Ciências Humanas e de LetrasUniversidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PsicobiologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PsicobiologiaSciEL

Influence of gibberellin inhibitors applied during flowering of nonirrigated 'Hass' avocado trees

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes inibidores da biossíntese de giberelinas no crescimento dos brotos acima da panícula, bem como na produção, no tamanho e no formato de frutos de abacateiro (Persea americana) 'Hass' não irrigado. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, quatro repetições e 40 árvores. De 2013 a 2015, foram aplicados os seguintes tratamentos, no florescimento, via pulverização foliar: água (testemunha), 250 mg L-1 de prohexadione-cálcio, 2.500 mg L-1 de trinexapaque-etílico, 1.750 mg L-1 de paclobutrazol e 350 mg L-1 de uniconazole; os dois primeiros são acilciclohexanodionas e os dois segundos triazóis. A produção de frutos, a eficiência produtiva e a alternância produtiva não foram afetadas pela aplicação dos fitorreguladores. Entretanto, os inibidores de giberelinas proporcionaram frutos de maior tamanho e modificaram o formato de abacates 'Hass' não irrigados. O uniconazole reduz o crescimento dos brotos acima da panícula, e esse efeito pode variar de acordo com as condições ambientais, especialmente com a disponibilidade de água.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors on shoot growth above the panicle, as well as on fruit yield, size, and shape of nonirrigated 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana) trees. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with five treatments, four replicates, and 40 trees. From 2013 to 2015, the following treatments were applied at full bloom, as foliar sprayings: water (control), 250 mg L-1 prohexadione-calcium, 2,500 mg L-1 trinexapac-ethyl, 1,750 mg L-1 paclobutrazol, and 350 mg L-1 uniconazole; the first two are acylcyclohexanediones and the last two, triazoles. Fruit yield, yield efficiency, and alternate bearing were not affected by the application of plant growth regulators. However, the gibberellin inhibitors increased fruit size and modified the fruit shape of nonirrigated 'Hass' avocado. Uniconazole reduces shoot growth above the panicle, and this effect may vary depending on environmental conditions, especially water supply

Forage sorghum lines submitted to water deficit stress under controlled conditions

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do estresse hídrico no estabelecimento, desenvolvimento e na taxa de sobrevivência de 11 linhagens de sorgo forrageiro em casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso no arranjo de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com cinco repetições. As unidades experimentais foram constituídas por recipientes de 250 L, onde foram colocados 187,9 kg de solo da classe textural areia franca. O estudo compreendeu dois períodos de estresse, e três irrigações, sendo uma no início e as outras aplicadas quando grande número de folhas tinham aspecto de palha seca. No primeiro período, as linhagens apresentaram alta taxa de sobrevivência, demonstrando resistência ao estresse hídrico. As linhagens que apresentaram menor velocidade de crescimento nesse período sofreram menos com o estresse. No segundo período não ocorreram diferenças significativas entre as linhagens com relação ao desenvolvimento das plantas. Durante os dois períodos de estresse, a velocidade de crescimento não diferenciou satisfatoriamente linhagens de comportamento distintos, quanto à resistência à seca, competindo em um mesmo recipiente e em alta densidade populacional. As linhagens 84, 29, 99, 41, 63 e 104 apresentaram maior resistência ao estresse hídrico e as linhagens 33, 38, 40, 67 e 92, menor resistência.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of water deficit stress on establishment, development and survival rate of 11 forage sorghum lines in a greenhouse. The experiment was carried out under a randomized block design, with split-splot arrangement and five replications. Each replication was formed by a container of 250 L capacity, filled with 187.9 kg of sandy soil. Two stress periods were studied, with three irrigations, at the begining of tests and when the plants showed large numbers of dry leaves. During the first period all lines had high survival rates showing resistance to water deficit stress. Slower growing lines suffered less with the imposed water deficit. During the second water deficit stress period there were no significant differences between the lines in plant development. Along both stress periods, growth rate did not distinguish satisfactorily lines with distinct behavior, as relate to drought resistance, when those lines were competing on the same recipient and high population density. Lines 84, 29, 99, 41, 63, and 104 had higher stress resistant while lines 33, 38, 40, 67, and 92 had lower stress resistant

Levels of organochlorine contaminants in natural bovine milk marketed in Mojuí dos Campos and Belterra, Brazil

Analyzing the organochlorine pesticide (OCP) content in milk is relevantbecause it helps evaluate the quality of milk that reaches the consumer's table and also helps identify the geographical areas where there is a high possibility of contamination. Accordingly,thispilot project was aimed at determining the extent of contamination by OCP residues and their metabolites in fresh cow's milk in Mojuí dos Campos and Belterra, Pará, using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). The OCPs evaluated in this study weredichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) (α, β, γ, and δ), endosulfanα and β, andendosulfansulfate. None of the thirty bovine milk samples analyzedshowed any contamination with OCPs.TheOCP content was within the limit of quantification of the method. The results of this study add to the existing knowledge on the quality ofbovine milk produced in these locations. However, further researchon other environmental matricesis required to confirm the results obtained in this study

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio