Patient-specific computer modeling for automated sizing of fenestrated stent-grafts Author names and affiliations

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Viêtnam : renouveau et transitions

La désintégration du Comecom et la fin de l'aide soviétique obligent le Vietnam en 1986 à opérer un changement radical de son orientation politique. Abandonnant l'économie planifiée, il s'ouvre à l'économie de marché. Ces dix dernières années correspondent aussi au passage d'une société agricole à une société plus diversifiée et désireuse d'accéder à de nouvelles technologies et à de nouvelles richesses. Ce mouvement s'est accompagné d’une ouverture sur le monde tous azimuts dont le point d'orgue a été l'entrée dans l'Asean en juillet 1995. La politique de rénovation et les importants besoins de recherche ont conduit les autorités scientifiques vietnamiennes à développer des relations avec de nombreux instituts étrangers, dont l’Orstom. Les collaborations de l'Orstom au Vietnam s'organisent autour des thèmes de recherches suivants : les changements économiques et sociaux, la santé publique et la nutrition, sujets traités en première partie de ce dossier ; la filière halieutique, l'écologie des mangroves et les systèmes de production aquacole, abordés en seconde partie

A CD31-Derived Peptide Prevents the Development of Antibody-Mediated Lesions in a Rat Model of Aortic Allograft

International audienceBackground: Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a major cause of graft loss. The development of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) directed against the allogeneic HLA molecules expressed by the graft also leads to accelerated arteriosclerosis. CD31 is a protein expressed on endothelial and immune cells, ensuring homeostasis at this interface. When strong immune stimulation occurs, the regulatory function of CD31 is lost owing to cleavage of its extracellular portion. P8RI, a synthetic peptide that binds to the ectodomain of CD31, is able to restore the CD31 immunomodulatory function. In this study, we hypothesized that CD31 could represent an attractive molecular target in AMR and investigated whether P8RI could prevent the development of vascular antibody-mediated lesions. Materials and methods: A rat model of orthotopic aortic allograft was used, and P8RI was administered for 28 days. Circulating DSAs were quantified to assess the alloimmune humoral response, and histologic and immunohistochemical analyses of aortic allografts were performed to estimate antibody-mediated lesions in the allograft. Results: Aorta-allografted rats receiving P8RI developed fewer DSAs than control animals (mean fluorescence intensity 344 vs 741). The density of nuclei in the media (3.4 x 10-5 vs 2.2 x 10-5 nuclei/px2) and media surface area (2.33 x 106 vs 2.02 x 106 px2) were higher in animals treated with P8RI than in control animals. Conclusions: These data support a therapeutic potential for molecules able to restore the CD31 signaling to fight AMR. P8RI, an agonist synthetic peptide targeting CD31, might prevent DSA production and have a beneficial effect in limiting arterial antibody-mediated lesions. CD31 agonists may become therapeutic tools to prevent and treat solid organ transplant arteriosclerosis

Primary Non-Aortic Lesions Are Not Rare in Marfan Syndrome and Are Associated with Aortic Dissection Independently of Age

International audiencePURPOSE: The study sought to estimate the prevalence of primary non-aortic lesions (PNAL) unrelated to extension of aortic dissection (AD) in a cohort of patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS). METHODS: Adult patients presenting with pathogenic FBN1 mutations and an available pan-aortic contrast-enhanced CTA in eight French MFS clinics from April to October 2018 were included. Clinical and radiological data, particularly the presence of aortic lesions and PNAL (including aneurysm and ectasia), were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Out of 138 patients, 28 (20.3%) had PNAL. In total, 27 aneurysms in 13 patients and 41 ectasias in 19 patients were reported mainly in the subclavian, iliac, and vertebral segments. Four patients (31%) with aneurysms and none with ectasia required prophylactic intervention during follow-up (median: 46 months). In multivariate analysis, factors associated with PNAL were history of AD (OR = 3.9, 95%CI: 1.3-12.1, p = 0.018), history of previous descending aortic surgery (OR = 10.3, 95%CI: 2.2-48.3, p = 0.003) and age (per 10 years OR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.1-2.4, p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: PNAL is not rare in MFS patients with evolutive aortic disease. Natural history may differ between aneurysms and ectasia, emphasizing the need for standardized definitions and systematic screening for PNAL

Déterminants du Binge Drinking en milieu étudiant : le rôle décisif des motivations au bien-être et au coping, de la norme subjective et de l'identité de rôle.

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Déterminants du Binge Drinking en milieu étudiant : le rôle décisif des motivations au bien-être et au coping, de la norme subjective et de l'identité de rôle.

International audienc