Biología y control de "Tyrophagus putrescentiae" (Schrank, 1781) (Astigmata : Acaridae), plaga de productos almacenados

Los ácaros astigmáticos constituyen una de las principales plagas de los productos alimenticios almacenados, infestando entre otros alimentos uno de los productos más típicos y valiosos de nuestra gastronomía como es el jamón curado. Dentro de las especies que potencialmente pueden constituirse como plagas Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank, 1781) es sin duda la más importante. Se ha estudiado el efecto de la temperatura y la humedad relativa en el desarrollo de los estados inmaduros así como en la reproducción y supervivencia de los adultos. Para ello se han aplicado diversos modelos que predicen la evolución de las poblaciones de este ácaro respecto a los factores considerados, lo que es de gran interés para el control integrado de la plaga. Se ha evaluado la actividad acaricida por fumigación de diferentes monoterpenos componentes de acites esenciales de plantas, obteniéndose las rectas de regresión probit para la respuesta mortalidad vs dosis de aquellos compuestos que resultaron más activos. También se ha determinado el efecto del sexo y el estado de desarrollo en la mortalidad. Cuatro de los monoterpenos ensayados se mostraron muy efectivos en el control de este ácaro. Se ha ensayado el efecto de plaguicidas con mecanismos de acción distintos de los convencionales sobre la supervivencia y el desarrollo de los estados inmaduros y sobre la reproducción de los adultos. Sólo el piriproxifén y el halofenocida mostraron efecto acaricida y este último a su vez a la fecundidad y supervivencia de los adultos. Sin embargo, las elevadas dosis requeridas hacen inviable el uso de estos productos para el control de este ácaro. Finalmente se ha evaluado el efecto de inhibidores de proteasas digestivas y de lecitinas en el desarrollo y supervivencia de los estados de desarrollo de este ácaro, habiéndose obtenido tan sólo ligeros retrasos en el desarrollo para determinados tipos de inhibidores

Impact of Postharvest Handling on Preharvest Latent Infections Caused by Monilinia spp. in Nectarines

Latent infections caused by Monilinia spp. in nectarines cause great economic losses since they are not detected and rejected at harvest and can appear at any time post-harvest, even at the consumer’s home. The effect of a pre-cooling chamber, water dump operation, and cold-storage chamber on the activation and/or development of preharvest latent infections caused by Monilinia spp. on nectarines were studied under different postharvest conditions: (a) cold storage for 0, 1, or 3 d at 4 °C at either 75% relative humidity (RH) or 100% RH before water dumping, (b) water dumping for 10 minutes at 15 °C, and (c) cold storage for 0, 3, or 10 d at 4 °C at either 75% RH or 100% RH after water dumping. These storage conditions were transformed to fungal physiological time. For visualization of the latent infections caused by Monilinia spp., the nectarines were placed in sterile paper bags and frozen at −20 °C for 48 h in order to damage the epidermis. To compare different handling scenarios, the incidence of latent infection was modelled for physiological time description by a modified Gompertz model. The activation and/or development of preharvest natural latent infections caused by Monilinia spp. at postharvest was mainly related to temperature and incubation time at postharvest. Storing nectarines with any postharvest handling less than 11 days at 4 °C avoids brown rot symptoms and reduced the activation and/or development of pre-harvest latent infections caused by Monilinia spp., while more cold days caused the exponential phase of latent infection activation and/or development. The Gompertz model employed could be used for predicting the activation and/or development of latent infection caused by Monilinia spp. at postharvest conditions and looks at the postharvest life. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the effects of post-harvest handling on latent infections in fruit have been studied.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Causas de deserción y estrategias de retención en la formación complementaria virtual del SENA

High Drop-out rates in large-scale open virtual courses has been a subject of debate. In order to improve the quality in virtual training and generate retention strategies, the “Training Execution Team” developed a study that aimed to identify the causes of desertion in short virtual courses at the National Learning Service - SENA. Through a descriptive methodology, it has been gathered quantitative and qualitative data from a sample of 20903 drop-out apprentices from short courses conducted in 2020. Data was collected through two different instruments, that were elaborated after literature review on desertion in Massive Open Online Courses and adjusted based on the training particularities at SENA. A discussion of the study results was carried out, by correlating findings of previous virtual complementary training courses and the analysis of former studies within open large-scale virtual training. With the analysis it was identified that the behavior of the population of the short courses of the SENA varies significantly concerning the findings of previous studies on the Open, Massive and Online courses; thus, the causes of desertion in the entity respond to the particularities of this population. Finally, retention strategies are oriented, according to the causes identified in the study.La deserción en cursos virtuales, masivos y abiertos es tema de debate por la alta tasa de abandono de la formación. Con el fin de mejorar la calidad de la educación virtual y generar estrategias de retención, el equipo de Ejecución de la Formación desarrolló un estudio para identificar las causas de deserción en los cursos cortos virtuales del Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Partiendo de una metodología descriptiva, se obtuvieron datos de tipo cuantitativo y cualitativo de una muestra de 20.903 aprendices que no se certificaron en el curso corto matriculado en el 2020. La recolección de información se realizó a través de dos instrumentos elaborados a partir del análisis de la literatura sobre deserción en cursos virtuales, masivos y abiertos, ajustados a las particularidades de la formación complementaria del SENA. A través del análisis, se identificó que el comportamiento de la población de los cursos cortos del SENA varía significativamente respecto a los hallazgos de estudios precedentes sobre los cursos abiertos, masivos y en línea; así, las causas de deserción en la entidad responden a las particularidades de esta población. Por último, se orientan estrategias de retención, de acuerdo con las causas identificadas en el estudio

Comparative gene expression of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) and peptide levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs) in the pituitary of wild and cultured Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) broodstocks

12 páginas, 8 figuras, 2 tablas.The Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) is a valuable flatfish for aquaculture, but it presents important reproductive problems in captivity. Spawning is achieved by wild-caught breeders but cultured broodstocks fail to spawn spontaneously and, when they do, eggs are unfertilized. To gain knowledge on the physiological basis underlying this reproductive dysfunction, this study aimed at analyzing comparative hormone levels between wild and cultured broodstocks at the spawning season. The Senegalese sole gonadotropin (GTH) subunits, FSHβ, LHβ and GPα, were cloned and qualitative (in situ hybridization) and quantitative (real-time PCR) assays developed to analyze pituitary GTH gene expression. In females, FSHβ and GPα mRNA levels were higher in wild than in cultured broodstocks, whereas in males all three subunits were highest in cultured. By ELISA, three GnRH forms were detected in the pituitary, displaying a relative abundance of GnRH2 > GnRH1 > GnRH3. All GnRHs were slightly more abundant in wild than cultured females, whereas no differences were observed in males. Plasma levels of vitellogenin and sex steroids were also analyzed. Results showed endocrine differences between wild and cultured broodstocks at the spawning period, which could be related to the endocrine failure of the reproductive axis in cultured breeders.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) (AGL2006-13777-C01), the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAPA) (JACUMAR, II National Plan for the Cultivation of Sole) and the Regional Government of Galicia (PGIDIT06RMA004E). J.M. Guzmán received a FPI fellowship from the MEC. J.B. Ortiz-Delgado was supported by the “Ramón y Cajal” program (MEC, Spain).Peer reviewe

Does native Trypanosoma cruzi calreticulin mediate growth inhibition of a mammary tumor during infection?

Indexación: Web of Science.Background: For several decades now an antagonism between Trypanosoma cruzi infection and tumor development has been detected. The molecular basis of this phenomenon remained basically unknown until our proposal that T. cruzi Calreticulin (TcCRT), an endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone, translocated-externalized by the parasite, may mediate at least an important part of this effect. Thus, recombinant TcCRT (rTcCRT) has important in vivo antiangiogenic and antitumor activities. However, the relevant question whether the in vivo antitumor effect of T. cruzi infection is indeed mediated by the native chaperone (nTcCRT), remains open. Herein, by using specific modified anti-rTcCRT antibodies (Abs), we have neutralized the antitumor activity of T. cruzi infection and extracts thereof, thus identifying nTcCRT as a valid mediator of this effect. Methods: Polyclonal anti-rTcCRT F(ab')(2) Ab fragments were used to reverse the capacity of rTcCRT to inhibit EAhy926 endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, as detected by BrdU uptake. Using these F(ab')(2) fragments, we also challenged the capacity of nTcCRT, during T. cruzi infection, to inhibit the growth of an aggressive mammary adenocarcinoma cell line (TA3-MTXR) in mice. Moreover, we determined the capacity of anti-rTcCRT Abs to reverse the antitumor effect of an epimastigote extract (EE). Finally, the effects of these treatments on tumor histology were evaluated. Results: The rTcCRT capacity to inhibit ECs proliferation was reversed by anti-rTcCRT F(ab')(2) Ab fragments, thus defining them as valid probes to interfere in vivo with this important TcCRT function. Consequently, during infection, these Ab fragments also reversed the in vivo experimental mammary tumor growth. Moreover, anti-rTcCRT Abs also neutralized the antitumor effect of an EE, again identifying the chaperone protein as an important mediator of this anti mammary tumor effect. Finally, as determined by conventional histological parameters, in infected animals and in those treated with EE, less invasive tumors were observed while, as expected, treatment with F(ab')(2) Ab fragments increased malignancy. Conclusion: We have identified translocated/externalized nTcCRT as responsible for at least an important part of the anti mammary tumor effect of the chaperone observed during experimental infections with T. cruzi.http://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-016-2764-

Dissecting the role of the NADPH oxidase NOX4 in TGF-beta signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma

The NADPH oxidase NOX4 has been proposed as necessary for the apoptosis induced by the Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-I3) in hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. However, whether NOX4 is required for TGF-I3-induced canonical (SMADs) or non-canonical signals is not fully understood yet, neither its potential involvement in other parallel actions induced by TGF-I3. In this work we have used CRISPR Cas9 technology to stable attenuate NOX4 expression in HCC cells. Results have indicated that NOX4 is required for an efficient SMAD2/3 phosphorylation in response to TGF-I3, whereas non-canonical signals, such as the phos-phorylation of the Epidermal Growth Receptor or AKT, are higher in NOX4 silenced cells. TGF-I3-mediated in-hibition of cell proliferation and viability is attenuated in NOX4 silenced cells, correlating with decreased response in terms of apoptosis, and maintenance of high expression of MYC and CYCLIN D1. These results would indicate that NOX4 is required for all the tumor suppressor actions of TGF-I3 in HCC. However, analysis in human HCC tumors has revealed a worse prognosis for patients showing high expression of TGF-I31-related genes concomitant with high expression of NOX4. Deepening into other tumorigenic actions of TGF-I3 that may contribute to tumor progression, we found that NOX4 is also required for TGF-I3-induced migratory effects. The Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) program does not appear to be affected by attenuation of NOX4 levels. However, TGF-I3-mediated regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics and focal adhesions require NOX4, which is necessary for TGF-I3-induced increase in the chaperone Hsp27 and correct subcellular localization of Hic-5 within focal adhesions, as well for upregulation of the metalloprotease MMP9. All these results together point to NOX4 as a key element in the whole TGF-I3 signaling in HCC cells, revealing an unknown role for NOX4 as tumor promoter in HCC patients presenting activation of the TGF-I3 pathway

De Nueva España a México : El universo musical mexicano entre centenarios (1517-1917)

742 págs. Imágenes color y b/n. Partituras musicales.El fenómeno de las conmemoraciones culturales siempre ha sido un terreno abonado para la producción cultural y artística del que se han valido los Estados para ofrecer interpretaciones legitimadoras e ideologizadas de la historia, articuladas en torno a las ideas de memoria, nación y progreso. El presente volumen, resultado de una triple conmemoración (el centenario de la Revolución Mexicana y la publicación de la primera historia de la música en México de Alba Herrera –1917–, por un lado; y la llegada del militar andaluz Francisco Hernández de Córdoba a la costa de la península del Yucatán –1517–, por otro), presenta una visión retrospectiva de la historia musical mexicana a lo largo de esas cuatro centurias. Frente a la rígida división cronológica impuesta por ciertas narrativas, se ofrece así una noción inclusiva, actual e informada del universo musical mexicano en toda su multiplicidad y riqueza de matices, integrando las épocas colonial e independiente como lo que realmente son: partes constitutivas de la memoria musical, histórica, cultural y política del país, con las luces y las sombras propias de cualquier otro periodo

Revista de Vertebrados de la Estación Biológica de Doñana

Página 298 con error de impresiónEstudio cariológico en dos especies de Serránidos del Mediterráneo (Peces: PerciformesRelaciones morfométricas de Atherina boyeri Risso (Pisces: Atherinidae) de la laguna de Zoñar (Córdoba, España)Contribución al conocimiento de la biometríay osteología de Barbus barbus bocagei, Steindachner, 1866 (Pisces: CyprinidaeLa actividad de la salamandra, Salamandra salamandra (L.), en Galicia.Estudios sobre el sapo corredor (Bufo calamita) en el Sur de España.1. BiometríaEstudios sobre el sapo corredor (Bufo calamita) en el Sur de España. II. AlimentaciónBiología de la reproducción de Rana iberica Boulenger 1879 en zonas simpátridas con Rana temporaria Linneo, 1758Nuevos datos sobre la distribución geográfica de Lacerta monticola cantabrica Mertens, 1929. (Sauria, lacertidae).Datos sobre Lacerta monticola Boulenger, 1905 (Saurio: lacertidae)en el oeste del Sistema Central.Nueva especie de Anolis (lacertilia, Iguanidae) para CubaEtograma cuantificado del cortejo en Falco naumannOntogénesis del comportamiento predador en Falco naumanniContaminación xenobiótica del Parque Nacional de Doñana. 1. Residuos de insecticidas organoclorados, bifenilos policlorados y mercurio en anseriformes y gruiformesReproducción del críalo (Clamator glandarius) en Sierra Morena CentraNidificación de Picus viridis en taludes de arcilla en Ramblas de Guadix (Granada)Comportamiento del calamón Porphyrio porphyrio (Linnaeus, 1758) en Doñana, Marismas del GuadalquiviBiología y ecología de la malvasía (Oxyura leucocephala) en Andalucía.On the differential diet of Carnivora in islands:a method for analysing it and a particular case.Notas sobre la distribución pasada y actual del meloncillo Herpestes ichneumon (L.) en la Península IbéricaEstructuración de las interacciones en una camada de lobos (Canís lupus)Nuevos datos sobre la distribución del Cottus gobio L. (pisces, cottidae) en EspañaSobre la alimentación de Callopistes maculatus (Reptilia,teiidaeObservación de Lacerta lepida depredando un nido de Alectoris rufaNueva cita del galápago leproso Mauremys leprosa (Scheigger, 1812) en los pirineosPrimera cita de Psammodromus hispanicus (Fitzinger) para GaliciaSobre la presencia de Gallotia (=Lacerta) atlantica (Peters y Doria, 1882) en Gran CanariaNota sobre las Lacerta monticola Boulenger, 1905 de las zonas del norte de GaliciaPrimeras notas herpetológicas de la provincia de Soria.Datos sobre selección de hábitat y ecología alimenticia del porrón pardo (Aythya nyroca)Probable nueva área de cría del pechiazul (Luscinia svecica cyanecula) en el sistema central. PerisPredación de Falco peregrinus y Falco subbuteo sobre quirópterosResultados de la producción de Oxyura leucocephala en el año 1981 en las lagunas de Zóñar y el rincónAnálisis de la dieta de Tyto alba en un medio árido antropógeno de los alrededores de Almería¿Son Eudocimus ruber y E. albus distintas especies?EL Estornino pinto (Sturnus vulgaris) en Canarias: nueva especie nidifiante en el archipiélagoDatos sobre la alimentación otoñal del cárabo (Strix aluco) en la sierra de CádizObservación primaveral de rapaces y otras aves en el páramo del estado de Mérida (Venezuela).Murciélago hematófago (Desmodus rotundus) parasitando a un chigüire (Hidrochoerus hydrochaeris)Observaciones sobre la reproducción del zacatuche o teporinho Romerolagus diazi (Mammalia: lagomorpha)Estudio electroforético de hemoglobinas y esterasas sanguíneas en Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Chiroptera: rhinolophidae) y de hemoglobinas en Tadaria taeniotis (chiroptera: molossidae)Peer reviewe