Étale Covers and Fundamental Groups of Schematic Finite Spaces

[EN] We introduce the category of finite étale covers of an arbitraryschematic space X and show that, equipped with an appropriate naturalfiber functor, it is a Galois Category. This allows us to define the étale fundamental group of schematic spaces. If X is a finite model of a schemeS, we show that the resulting Galois theory on X coincides with theclassical theory of finite étale covers on S, and therefore, we recover the classical étale fundamental group introduced by Grothendieck. Toprove these results, it is crucial to find a suitable geometric notion ofconnectedness for schematic spaces and also to study their geometric points. We achieve these goals by means of the strong cohomologicalconstraints enjoyed by schematic spaces.Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCLE

Wear Fast, Die Young: More Worn Teeth and Shorter Lives in Iberian Compared to Scottish Red Deer

Teeth in Cervidae are permanent structures that are not replaceable or repairable; consequently their rate of wear, due to the grinding effect of food and dental attrition, affects their duration and can determine an animal's lifespan. Tooth wear is also a useful indicator of accumulative life energy investment in intake and mastication and their interactions with diet. Little is known regarding how natural and sexual selection operate on dental structures within a species in contrasting environments and how these relate to life history traits to explain differences in population rates of tooth wear and longevity. We hypothesised that populations under harsh environmental conditions should be selected for more hypsodont teeth while sexual selection may maintain similar sex differences within different populations. We investigated the patterns of tooth wear in males and females of Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) in Southern Spain and Scottish red deer (C. e. scoticus) across Scotland, that occur in very different environments, using 10343 samples from legal hunting activities. We found higher rates of both incisor and molar wear in the Spanish compared to Scottish populations. However, Scottish red deer had larger incisors at emergence than Iberian red deer, whilst molars emerged at a similar size in both populations and sexes. Iberian and Scottish males had earlier tooth depletion than females, in support of a similar sexual selection process in both populations. However, whilst average lifespan for Iberian males was 4 years shorter than that for Iberian females and Scottish males, Scottish males only showed a reduction of 1 year in average lifespan with respect to Scottish females. More worn molars were associated with larger mandibles in both populations, suggesting that higher intake and/or greater investment in food comminution may have favoured increased body growth, before later loss of tooth efficiency due to severe wear. These results illustrate how independent selection in both subspecies, that diverged 11,700 years BP, has resulted in the evolution of different longevity, although sexual selection has maintained a similar pattern of relative sex differences in tooth depletion. This study opens interesting questions on optimal allocation in life history trade-offs and the independent evolution of allopatric populations.The European Union Lifelong Learning programme (Leonardo da Vinci) supported the post-graduate students that collaborated in this study. The Scottish Government through the Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS), Deer Commission Scotland and Scottish Natural Heritage (project RP64) and Spanish Ministry of Science (projects CGL2007-63594 and CGL2010-17163) funded this study. During the writing up of this study FJPB was granted with a visiting professor fellowship by the University of Cordoba (Spain)

VLT diffraction-limited imaging at 11 and 18 micron of the nearest active galactic nuclei

Mid-infrared imaging at resolutions of 300 mas of the central kpc region of 13 nearby, well-known active galaxies is presented. The bulk of the mid-IR emission is concentrated on an unresolved central source within a size of less than 5 to 130 pc, depending on the object distance. Further resolved emission is detected in 70% of the sample in the form of circumnuclear star-forming rings or diffuse nuclear extended emission. In the three cases with circumnuclear star formation, the stellar contribution is at least as important as that of the AGN. In those with extended nuclear emission -- a third of the sample -- this emission represents a few per cent of the total measured; however, this contribution may be underestimated because of the chopped nature of these observations. This extended emission is generally collimated in a preferential direction often coinciding with that of the extended ionized gas or the jet. In all cases, the nuclear fluxes measured at 11.8 and 18.7 micron represent a minor contribution of the flux levels measured by large aperture IRAS data at the nearest energy bands of 12 and 25 micron. This contribution ranges from 30% to less than 10%. In only three cases do the AGN fluxes agree with IRAS to within a factor of 2. In the AGNs with strong circumnuclear star formation, this component can well account for most of the IRAS flux measured in these objects. But in all other cases, either a low surface brightness component extending over galactic scales or strong extra-nuclear IR sources -- e.g. HII regions in spiral arms -- have to be the main source of the IRAS emission. In either case, the contribution of these components dwarfs that of the AGN at mid-IR wavelengths.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Through the magnifying glass: ALMA acute viewing of the intricate nebular architecture of OH231.8+4.2

We present continuum and molecular line emission ALMA observations of OH 231.8+4.2, a well studied bipolar nebula around an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star. The high angular resolution (~0.2-0.3 arcsec) and sensitivity of our ALMA maps provide the most detailed and accurate description of the overall nebular structure and kinematics of this object to date. We have identified a number of outflow components previously unknown. Species studied in this work include 12CO, 13CO, CS, SO, SO2, OCS, SiO, SiS, H3O+, Na37Cl, and CH3OH. The molecules Na37Cl and CH3OH are first detections in OH 231.8+4.2, with CH3OH being also a first detection in an AGB star. Our ALMA maps bring to light the totally unexpected position of the mass-losing AGB star (QX Pup) relative to the large-scale outflow. QX Pup is enshrouded within a compact (<60 AU) parcel of dust and gas (clump S) in expansion (V~5-7 km/s) that is displaced by 0.6arcsec to the south of the dense equatorial region (or waist) where the bipolar lobes join. Our SiO maps disclose a compact bipolar outflow that emerges from QX Pup's vicinity. This outflow is oriented similarly to the large-scale nebula but the expansion velocities are about ten times lower (~35 km/s). We deduce short kinematical ages for the SiO outflow, ranging from ~50-80 yr, in regions within ~150 AU, to ~400-500 yr at the lobe tips (~3500 AU). Adjacent to the SiO outflow, we identify a small-scale hourglass-shaped structure (mini-hourglass) that is probably made of compressed ambient material formed as the SiO outflow penetrates the dense, central regions of the nebula. The lobes and the equatorial waist of the mini-hourglass are both radially expanding with a constant velocity gradient. The mini-waist is characterized by extremely low velocities, down to ~1 km/s at ~150 AU, which tentatively suggest the presence of a stable structure. (abridged

Estilos de trabajo e inteligencias múltiples

El objetivo del trabajo es determinarla validez yflabilidad del modelo dejos estilos de trabajo, fundamentado en la teoría de las Inteligencias Múltiples (IM). Primero, se analizan los componentes de dicha teoría y su incidencia en el curriculum escolar. En segundo lugar, se estudia el procedimiento de evaluación. Además, se presentan los resultados del estudio empírico realizado con una muestra de 237 alumnos pertenecientes a Educación Infantil y Primaria, escolarizados en centros públicos y privados de la Región de Murcia. Del estudio realizado se desprende que los estilos están asociados a las diferentes inteligencias; además, el inventario de estilos de trabajo arroja una validez y fiabilidad altamente consistente.________________________________ The objective of this work is to determinate the validity and reliability of the model of work styles, as set out In the theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI). First, we analyze the components of this theory and their Incidence in the school curriculum. Second, we study the evaluation procedure. Additionally, we present the results of an empirical study carried out with a sample of 237 students in public and private nursery and primary schools in the province of Murcia, Spain. The study carried out reveals that the styles are associated with the different Intelligences. Furthermore, the inventory of styles shows a highly consistent validity and reliability

How to Measure Teachers' Acceptance of AI-driven Assessment in eLearning

The use of AI is becoming a growing reality the educational field. One of the activities in which it is beginning to be implemented is the assessment of student achievement. This way, we can find in the literature an increasing number of investigations focused on the possibilities offered by the adoption of AI-driven assessment. However, the use of AI is also a source of concern that raises suspicions in some sectors of our society. In this context, knowing the position of the teachers towards this topic is critical to guarantee the successful development of the field. This paper intends to fill a research gap in the literature by offering a technology adoption model based on TAM to study the factors that condition the use of AI-driven assessment among teachers. To present this model we offer a background on the use of AI in education and the technology acceptance among teachers, as well as the definition of the eight constructs and the relational hypotheses included. Finally, the possibilities of the model and future lines of research are discussed

Assessed by Machines: Development of a TAM-Based Tool to Measure AI-based Assessment Acceptance Among Students

[EN]In recent years, the use of more and more technology in education has been a trend. The shift of traditional learning procedures into more online and tech-ish approaches has contributed to a context that can favor integrating Artificial-Intelligence-based or algorithm-based assessment of learning. Even more, with the current acceleration because of the COVID-19 pandemic, more and more learning processes are becoming online and are incorporating technologies related to automatize assessment or help instructors in the process. While we are in an initial stage of that integration, it is the moment to reflect on the students' perceptions of being assessed by a non-conscious software entity like a machine learning model or any other artificial intelligence application. As a result of the paper, we present a TAM-based model and a ready-to-use instrument based on five aspects concerning understanding technology adoption like the AI-based assessment on education. These aspects are perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards use, behavioral intention, and actual use. The paper's outcomes can be relevant to the research community since there is a lack of this kind of proposal in the literature