Eta cuadrado generalizado para comparaciones múltiples en diseños entregrupos

Psychological and educational researchers are experiencing many practical difficulties in following the guidelines of the American Psychological Association (APA) for their statistical analyses: one such difficulty is the reporting of an effect-size measure along with each test of statistical significance (APA, 2010). The problem is exacerbated when researchers focus on contrast analysis instead of omnibus tests and when the Type-I error rate per comparison has to be adjusted. Method: Several reasons for this problem are discussed, with emphasis on the facts that researchers may be presented with too many optional effect-size measures with varying degrees of adequacy in several designs, and common statistical packages fail to provide appropriate effect-size measures for contrast analysis. This study proposes specific procedures (also implemented in spreadsheets) to compute generalized eta squared for various kinds of hypotheses, either general or specific, for one-factor and factorial between-group designs, and with manipulated and/or measured factors. Conclusions: Finally, conclusions are drawn concerning the need to take into account the kind of design and the kind of hypothesis in order to calculate comparable effect-size indexes across different types of studies and to prevent an overestimation of effect size.Antecedentes: los investigadores en Psicología y Educación están teniendo muchas dificultades prácticas para seguir la directriz de la Asociación Americana de Psicología (APA) de aportar una medida de tamaño de efecto junto con cada prueba de significación (APA, 2010). El problema se agrava cuando se realizan contrastes a priori en lugar de pruebas ómnibus y cuando la tasa de error de Tipo I por comparación tiene que ser ajustada. Método: se discuten diversas razones para ello, como la existencia de muchas medidas diferentes de tamaño de efecto y el hecho de que los paquetes estadísticos comunes como SPSS no proporcionan medidas apropiadas para las comparaciones múltiples. Resultados: se proponen procedimientos específicos (también implementados en hojas de cálculo) para calcular el índice eta cuadrado generalizado para diversos tipos de hipótesis, generales o específicas; tipos de diseños, univariables o factoriales; y con factores manipulados y/o medidos. Conclusiones: finalmente se concluye sobre la necesidad de tener en cuenta el tipo de diseño y el tipo de hipótesis para obtener índices de tamaño de efecto comparables entre diferentes tipos de investigaciones y que eviten una sobreestimación del mismo

Use of Impedance Spectroscopy for the Characterization of the Microstructure of Alkali Activated SiMn Slag: Influence of Activator and Time Evolution

The impedance spectroscopy technique has been used to study the microstructure of the binder resulting from the alkaline activation of SiMn slag. Two alkaline activators were used: waterglass and NaOH. Three different concentrations were analysed for both activators: 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0% Na2O for NaOH; and 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0% Na2O for waterglass with a constant SiO2/Na2O ratio of 1.0. The time evolution of the microstructure has been followed up using the non-destructive technique of impedance spectroscopy. This technique has been proved to be effective describing the microstructural changes in alkali activated pastes, and also can help predicting the mechanical behavior of mortars. The use of the resistivity itself seems to be deficient, but the analysis of the electrical parameters calculated from the impedance spectra measured gives a complete idea of the evolution in the material.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. The paper is founded by the research project granted by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for project funding (PID2020-118322RB-I00) through the “Programa Estatal de I + D + i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad” included in the “Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017–2020”

Assessment of the Wiki as an Educational Resource in E-Learning

Debido a la necesidad de realizar aprendizajes a lo largo de toda la vida, han surgido nuevas posibilidades formativas, donde gracias a los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje (EVA) se pueden crear procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje que superan las barreras del tiempo y el espacio. Mediante un estudio de caso de tipo pre-experimental, se valora la wiki como herramienta de trabajo colaborativo en la Universidad. A partir de una muestra de 40 estudiantes se observa cómo, a pesar de haber tenido problemas de manejo y pensar que el resultado final es mejorable, se valora el recurso de manera positiva.The need of a lifelong learning and new teaching and learning processes, such as the virtual learning environments (VLE) which overcome time and space barriers, creates new training opportunities. Wiki, as a collaborative teaching tool at college level, is evaluated by means of a pre-experimental design of a case study model. A sample of 40 subject's show that, despite the usage problems and that the final result can be improved, the tool is positive

Antibody-Capped Mesoporous Nanoscopic Materials:Design of a Probe for the Selective Chromo-FluorogenicDetection of Finasteride

[EN] The synthesis of capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) conjugated with an antibody (AB) as a gatekeeper has been carried out in order to obtain a delivery system able to release an entrapped cargo (dye) in the presence of a target molecule (antigen) to which the conjugated antibody binds selectively. In particular, MSN loaded with rhodamine B and functionalized on the external surface with a suitable derivative of N-(t-butyl)- 3-oxo-(5a,17b)-4-aza-androst-1-ene-17-carboxamide (finasteride) have been prepared (S1). The addition of polyclonal antibodies against finasteride induced capping of the pores due to the interaction with the anchored hapten-like finasteride derivative to give a MSN¿hapten¿AB nanoparticle S1-AB. It was found that the addition of capped material S1-AB to water solutions containing finasteride resulted in displacement of the antibody, pore uncapping and entrapped-dye release. The response of the gated material is highly selective, and only finasteride, among other steroids, was able to induce a significant uncapping process. Compared with finasteride, the finasteride metabolite was able to release 17% of the dye, whereas the exogen steroids testosterone, metenolone and 16-b-hydroxystanozolol only induced very little release of rhodamine B (lower than 10%) from aqueous suspensions containing sensing solid S1-AB. A detection limit as low as 20 ppb was found for the fluorimetric detection of finasteride. In order to evaluate a possible application of the material for label-free detection of finasteride, the capped material was isolated and stored to give final sensing solid S1-AB-i. It was found to display a similar behavior towards finasteride as to that shown by freshly prepared S1-AB; even after a period of two months, no significant loss of selectivity or sensitivity was noted. Moreover, to study the application for the detection of finasteride in biological samples, this ¿aged¿ material, S1-AB-i, was tested using commercially available blank urine as matrix. Samples containing 70 and 90% blank urine were spiked with a defined amount of finasteride, and the concentration was determined using capped S1-AB-i. Recovery ranges from 94% to 118% were reached.Financial support from the Spanish Government (project MAT2009-14564-C04-01) and the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) (projects PROMETEO/2009/016 and PROMETEO/2010/008) is gratefully acknowledged. E. C. thanks the Minesterio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN, Spain) for her fellowship.Climent Terol, E.; Martínez Mañez, R.; Maquieira Catala, Á.; Sancenón Galarza, F.; Marcos Martínez, MD.; Brun Sánchez, EM.; Soto Camino, J.... (2012). Antibody-Capped Mesoporous Nanoscopic Materials:Design of a Probe for the Selective Chromo-FluorogenicDetection of Finasteride. ChemistryOpen. 1:251-259. https://doi.org/10.1002/open.201100008S251259

El desarrollo de programas de gestión del conocimiento: las unidades de hospitalizacion a domicilio

Este trabajo analiza ciertas prácticas en gestión del conocimiento de las unidades de hospitalización a domicilio (UHD) de tres hospitales españoles a la hora de prestar asistencia. Como resultado del análisis se aporta un modelo que presenta los factores clave que pueden llevar a una transferencia de conocimiento más eficaz dentro de las UHD: (1) las infraestructuras tecnológicas; (2) la gente que participa y lleva a cabo los procesos; (3) sistemas que fomenten y recompensen compartir información; y (4) el coordinador de la unidadThis paper analyses the knowledge management practices in the Hospital-in-the-Home Units (HHU) of three Spanish hospitals when they deliver hospital services to patients in their own homes. As a result, a model that presents the key factors to promote a more efficient knowledge transfer in HHU is developed. These factors are: (1) technology infrastructures; (2) people who take part and carry out the processes; (3) system that supports and rewards knowledge sharing and (4) the unit leade

Cultural Adaptation and Evaluation of the Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey to the Mediterranean Spanish Context (NEMS-P-MED)

Individuals’ perceptions of their food environments are a mediator between exposure to the environment and people’s interaction with it. The Nutrition Environment Measures Surveys (NEMS) are valid and reliable measures to assess food environments. In Spain, there is no adapted instrument to measure the perceived obesogenic environment. This article aims to adapt and evaluate the Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for a Spanish context (NEMS-P-MED). The Spanish version has 32 questions to measure the perception about availability, accessibility and marketing of 3 types of environment: home, shops and restaurants. We assess feasibility, construct validity and internal consistency reliability through a sample of 95 individuals. The internal consistency was acceptable for most items (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients range from 0.6 to 0.9), similar to that of the original scale. The NEMS-P-MED has been shown to be valid and, on certain items reliable, and was useful to assess the population’s perceptions of the food environment in the home, restaurants and food stores in a Spanish context. Adapting standardized measurement tools to specific contexts to assess the perceived and observed characteristics of food environments may facilitate the development of effective policy interventions to reduce excess weight.AMG was funded by a predoctoral fellowship offered to trainee researchers from the University of Alicante (UAFPU2017-047). This research was funded by Office of the Vice President of Research and Knowledge Transfer of the University of Alicante (GRE14-20) and by Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Spain) (HAR2017-82366-C2-2-P)

Participatory Art Encounters in Order to Build Inclusive Relationships in University Settings

La participación de personas con diversidad funcional en la sociedad es imprescindible para su transformación. El acceso al arte y la cultura es un derecho de todo ciudadano desde su esencia creativa y comunitaria. Sin embargo, la participación de la ciudadanía en las instituciones y políticas culturales es desigual. Frente a esta brecha es necesario descubrir nuevas realidades donde el encuentro con la diversidad sea desde la posibilidad. Por ello, se exponen experiencias basadas en prácticas artísticas participativas desarrolladas en los Grados de Bellas Artes y de Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Murcia. Las intervenciones se proyectaron en la construcción de escenarios creativos donde personas con capacidades diversas se sintieran miembros activos de la cultura y la sociedad. Los participantes fueron alumnado universitario y un colectivo artístico de personas con síndrome de Down y otras discapacidades intelectuales. En su diseño, se aplicaron metodologías de investigación basadas en la A/r/tografía. Se concluyó que los encuentros mixtos a través de las prácticas artísticas participativas son un método de innovación educativa eficaz para conseguir una inmersión real en lo inclusivo en los centros escolares y colateralmente en la sociedad.Involving people with diverse functionality in society is essential for its global transformation. Access to arts and culture is a right for all citizens from their creative and communitarian essence. However, citizen participation in cultural institutions and policies is somewhat uneven. When facing this chasm, it is indispensable to reveal new realities where the encounter with diversity happens in a realm of possibility. Thereby, we expound on a series of experiences based on participatory art practices, developed for the Degrees of Fine Arts and Primary Education of the University of Murcia. These practices were aimed at shaping creative settings where people with diverse abilities could see themselves as active members of society and its culture. The participants were university pupils together with the art collective for people with Down’s syndrome and other intellectual disabilities. For their design, we applied techniques of A/r/tography. The conclusion was that mixed encounters with participatory artistic actions can be effective methods for educational innovation in order to achieve an actual inclusive engagement within schools and, correspondingly, in society at large

Acoustic modelling of large aftertreatment devices with multimodal incident sound fields

[EN] The influence of multimodal incident sound fields on the acoustic behaviour of large aftertreatment devices (ATD) is analysed in detail. The mode matching method is applied to the compatibility conditions of the three-dimensional (3D) acoustic fields at the device geometric discontinuities, leading to the computation of the complex wave amplitudes in all the subdomains involved and the corresponding transmission loss (TL). To have a realistic model, 3D propagation must be considered in the inlet/outlet ducts and chambers, while 1D wave propagation has to be assumed along the small capillaries of the catalytic converter/particulate filter monoliths of the ATD; therefore, these monoliths can be replaced by plane wave four pole transfer matrices from an acoustical point of view [1]. On the other hand, for large ATD inlet ducts such as those found in heavy-duty and off-road engines, the usual models with plane incident wave excitation are not accurate since the onset of higher order incident modes in the inlet duct is expected for the frequency range of interest. Therefore, a TL variation is likely to occur depending on these modes, similar to the results found in large dissipative silencers [2]. Results are presented for three different multimodal incident sound field hypotheses [3]: equal modal amplitude (EMA), equal modal power (EMP) and equal modal energy density (EMED). A relevant influence on the sound attenuation is found for the test problems considered in the current investigation. References [1] Denia, F. D., Martínez-Casas, J., Carballeira, J., Nadal, E., Fuenmayor, F. J., Computational performance of analytical methods for the acoustic modelling of automotive exhaust devices incorporating monoliths. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 330: 995--1006, 2018. [2] Kirby, R., Lawrie, J. B., A point collocation approach to modelling large dissipative silencers. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 286: 313--339, 2005. [3] Mechel, F. P., Formulas of Acoustics. Berlin, Springer, 2008.The authors gratefully acknowledge Grants PID2020-112886RA-I00 and PID2020-118013RB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and Project PROMETEO/2021/046 from Generalitat Valenciana.Denia, FD.; Sánchez-Orgaz, EM.; Martínez Casas, J.; Carballeira, J.; Baeza González, LM. (2021). Acoustic modelling of large aftertreatment devices with multimodal incident sound fields. Universitat Politècnica de València. 208-215. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/19055620821