Caracterización del conflicto escolar en los grados 6-3 y 9-1 de la Institución Educativa Colegio de San Simón de la ciudad de Ibagué

86 PáginasConsiderando la importancia que tiene dentro del sector educativo, la convivencia es de preocupación para todos los educadores y en general para toda la comunidad escolar distinguir entre violencia y conflicto, ya que son términos que debemos diferenciar y contextualizar desde un comienzo. Dentro de este proceso de caracterización resulta relevante mostrar que existe cierta relación entre conflicto y violencia, pero no es bidireccional. Afirma Hernández, (2002) la violencia siempre va acompañada de nuevos conflictos, pero el conflicto no siempre entraña situaciones de violencia, pues los seres humanos disponemos de un amplio abanico de comportamientos con los que podemos enfrentarnos a las situaciones de confrontación de opiniones e intereses con los otros, sin necesidad de recurrir a la violencia. De ahí se podría exponer que los conflictos tienen mayor envergadura que la violencia, pues las situaciones de conflicto que son vivenciadas por las personas son más numerosas que las situaciones de agresividad – violencia. Además, las personas que recurren a la violencia extrema, a la violencia gratuita, suelen ser propias de una minoría próxima a la delincuencia. Teniendo en cuenta estos términos se pueden identificar algunas causas como es la pobreza y el estrés, así como el abuso de drogas y alcohol, son los factores más asociados al maltrato infantil, mientras que al contrario de lo que se suele pensar, los padres biológicos son en el 80% de los casos, los responsables de los maltratos. El estudio de la OCEDE, (2005) revela que “entre un 30% y un 40% de los hombres que utilizan la violencia física contra su pareja, maltratan a sus hijos o hijas”. UNICEF (2005), manifiesta que los miles de niños que mueren cada año a causa de la violencia en sus hogares, escuelas o comunidades representan una prueba contundente de que el mundo ha fracasado sistemáticamente en protegerlos. Tomando como referencia de estudio el colegio de San Simón, en donde se adelantará una investigación que permitirá analizar detalladamente la procedencia y manifestación del motivo de violencia o conflicto dentro de la institución.ABSTRACT. As is known to all coexistence in schools is of concern to all educators in general and for the whole school community but to distinguish between violence and conflict is something that we must identify the outset. There is a relationship between conflict and violence, but not bidirectional. We can say that violence is always accompanied by further conflict, but the conflict is not always involve violence, as humans we have a wide range of behaviors with which to confront situations of confrontation of opinions and interests with other without resorting to violence (Hernández Prados, 2002). Conflicts are larger than violence, because conflict situations that are experienced by people outnumber the situations of aggression - violence. Also, people who resort to extreme violence, violence free, usually a minority own next to crime. Given these terms can identify some causes such as poverty and stress, as well as drug and alcohol abuse are the factors associated with child abuse, while contrary to common belief, birth parents are in 80% of cases, those responsible for the abuses. The OCEDE study (2005) reveals that 30% and 40% of men who use physical violence against their partner, abuse their sons or daughters. UNICEF (2005, p. 1) states: The thousands of children who die each year because of violence in their homes, schools or communities are a proof that the world has systematically failed to protect them. Referencing school study San Simon, where an investigation be advanced that will analyze in detail the origin and manifestation of the motif of violence or conflict within the institution.INTRODUCCIÓN 14 1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 15 1.1. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROBLEMA 16 2. PREGUNTAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN 19 2.1 PREGUNTA PRINCIPAL 19 2.2 PREGUNTAS SECUNDARIAS 19 3. JUSTIFICACIÓN 20 4. OBJETIVOS 22 4.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 22 4.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS 22 5. MARCO DE REFERENCIA 23 5.1 CONTEXTUALIZACIÓN 23 5.2 ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 24 5.3 MARCO TEÓRICO 27 5.3.1 El conflicto 27 5.3.2 La violencia 33 5.3.3 La conceptualización 33 5.3.4 Las causas 34 5.4 MARCO CONCEPTUAL 49 6. METODOLOGÍA 51 6.1 TIPO DE INVESTIGACIÓN 51 6.2 POBLACIÓN OBJETO DE ESTUDIO 51 6.3 MUESTRA 51 6.4 EL INSTRUMENTO 51 6.4.1 Convivencia 52 6.4.2 Agresión Física 52 6.4.3 Agresión Verbal 52 6.4.4 Bullying 52 7. ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS 53 7.1. PREGUNTAS REALIZADAS SOBRE CONVIVENCIA A LOS ALUMNOS 6-3 Y 9-1 53 7.2. PREGUNTAS REALIZADAS SOBRE AGRESIÓN FÍSICA A LOS ALUMNOS 6-3 Y 9-1 55 7.3. PREGUNTAS REALIZADAS SOBRE AGRESIÓN VERBAL A LOS ALUMNOS 6-3 Y 9-1 58 7.4. PREGUNTAS REALIZADAS SOBRE BULLYING A LOS ALUMNOS 6-3 Y 9-1 61 8. ANÁLISIS DE LA INFORMACIÓN 65 9. CONCLUSIONES 68 10. RECOMENDACIONES 73 REFERENCIAS 74La Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad del Tolima, el director, codirector y el jurado calificador, no son responsables de los conceptos ni de las ideas expuestas por los autores del presente trabajo. Artículo 16, Acuerdo 032 de 1976 y Articulo 29, Acuerdo 064 de 1991, Consejo Académico de la Universidad del Tolima

Surveillance of Viral Respiratory Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit-Evolution in the Last 5 Years

Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) in very low birthweight infants can be associated with high rates of morbidity. The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a strong impact on viral circulation. The purpose of this study is to report on VRIs during NICU admission in infants below 32 weeks' gestation and compare data collected between the pre-and post-COVID-19 pandemic periods. A prospective surveillance study was conducted at a tertiary NICU between April 2016 and June 2022. The COVID-19 post-pandemic period was established as being from March 2020 onwards. Respiratory virus detection was performed by real-time multiplex PCR assays in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs). A total of 366 infants were enrolled. There were no statistical differences between periods regarding infants' birth weight, gestational age, gender distribution, or rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Among the 1589 NPA collected during the pre-COVID-19 period, 8.9% were positive, and among the 1147 NPA collected during the post-pandemic period, only 3% were positive (p < 0.005). The type of viruses detected did not differ according to the study period (pre-COVID19 vs. post-COVID-19): rhinovirus (49.5% vs. 37.5%), adenovirus (22.6% vs. 25%), and human coronavirus (12.9% vs. 16.7%). SARS-CoV-2 was only detected in one patient. In conclusion, the viral profile causing VRI during the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 era was similar. However, the total number of VRI dropped significantly, most probably due to the global increase in infection prevention measures.This study has been partially supported by ISCIII-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, FIS (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria-Spanish Health Research Fund) grants PI21CIII/00019, PI18CIII/00009, FI19/00067, PI18/00167, PI21/00896 and PI21/00377.S

Consequences of Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Spain on Anxiety, Sleep and Executive Functioning of Children and Adolescents with ADHD

The outbreak and the quick expansion of SARS-CoV-2, from December 2019 to today, has forced countries around the world to resolve virus containment measures in order to slow down the contagion curve. Between these measures, the situation of lockdown, and the isolation or limitation of social contact between the citizens, there has been an unknown psychological impact. Certain groups (the elderly, children and teenagers, and the clinical population, for instance) arouse serious fears among professionals due to their greater vulnerability and ignorance regarding the short- and long-term consequences. The main purposes of this work are first of all to evaluate the consequences of the lockdown in children and teenagers diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sleep-related problems, and problems with executive functions. Secondly, we aim to compare the effects produced with respect to the previously mentioned variables with normotypic subjects; that is to say, between a group that was subject to lockdown and another group that was not confined. The findings show that the clinic confined group had high levels of state anxiety and problems with sleep and executive functions; differences could also be seen between the two groups, with the confined ADHD group being more negatively affected in all measured variables

Consequences of COVID-19 Confinement on Anxiety, Sleep and Executive Functions of Children and Adolescents in Spain

Children and adolescents are not indifferent to the dramatic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the need to be forced to live in confinement. The change in life to which they have been abruptly subjected forces us to understand the state of their mental health in order to adequately address both their present and future needs. The present study was carried out with the intention of studying the consequences of confinement on anxiety, sleep routines and executive functioning of 1,028 children and adolescents, aged from 6 to 18 years, residing in Spain to; assess if there are differences regarding these consequences in terms of sex and age; how anxiety affects executive functioning in males and females; and to examine the possible correlations between the measured variables. For this purpose, an online questionnaire containing five sections was designed: the first section gathers information on sociodemographic and health data, while the following sections gather information from different standardized scales which measure anxiety, sleep and executive functions, whose items were adapted in order to be completed by parents, and/or legal guardians. The statistical analyzes carried out highlights significant differences in executive functioning between males and females. In turn, in regards to age, greater difficulties were detected in anxiety in the 9 to 12 age group and greater sleep disturbances between 13 and 18 year olds. On the other hand, significant differences were found in intra-sexual executive functioning depending on whether they presented greater or lesser anxiety, with executive functioning being more tendentiously maladjusted in males than in females, revealing a significantly relevant effect size (p = 0.001; ω2 = 0.27 BRIEF-2; ω2 = 0.19 BDEFS-CA; 95%). Positive correlations are obtained between state anxiety and sleep and executive functioning alterations. Finally, through Path Analysis, it is verified that state anxiety is the variable with the greatest weight within the model that would explain the alteration in the executive functioning of the present sample

Implications of the Online Teaching Model Derived from the COVID-19 Lockdown Situation for Anxiety and Executive Functioning in Spanish Children and Adolescents

Given the seriousness of the existing situation regarding the mental health of children and adolescents relating to the confinement period imposed due to COVID-19, we conducted this study to describe the effects of the confinement on state anxiety and executive functioning dimensions in a period of online educational modality. A sample of 953 children and adolescents was assessed. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the State Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and the Behavioral Evaluation of Executive Function (BRIEF-2) scale were applied. The analysis of the results indicates that 68.8% of children and adolescents presented medium–high levels of anxiety. Regarding sex, females showed higher levels of anxiety and worse levels of executive functioning. Although the group aged 11 to 18 years showed methodologically higher state anxiety (p = 0.041) than the group aged 6 to 10 years, the difference was not clinically relevant (δ = −0.113). The state anxiety variable was also correlated positively and significantly to the three executive functioning dimensions explored. In conclusion, it seems evident that COVID-19 lockdowns could have psychological and emotional effects on children and adolescents

Análisis de patrones cognitivos, teoría de la mente, pragmática y problemas emocionales en una muestra de sujetos diagnosticados de TDAH

A lo largo del presente simposio se pretende aportar los datos que arrojan varias investigaciones llevadas a cabo con niños y adolescentes diagnosticados de TDAH. Para ello, en primer lugar se presentan los resultados de un estudio que busca explorar si la presencia más o menos severa de síntomas clínicos de TDAH, se asocia a un perfil cognitivo específico, medido este a través de la escala Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) en una muestra de 239 sujetos entre 6 y 16 años de edad. En segundo lugar, se pretende en analizar y comparar las percepciones de problemas emocionales entre 64 padres y/o madres y 64 niños con TDAH entre 8 y 14 años de edad a través del Sistema de Evaluación de Niños y Adolescentes (SENA). En tercer lugar, se exponen los resultados sobre el rendimiento de 64 niños con TDAH de 8-14 años de edad, en tareas de Teoría de la Mente medidas con la batería NEPSY-II, antes y después de la aplicación de un Programa Específico de Intervención Socio-emocional. Y por último, se analizan los déficit pragmáticos, a través de la información recogida mediante el cuestionario CCC-2, de acuerdo con las opiniones aportada por 64 padres y/o madres de niños y adolescentes de 8-14 años diagnosticados con TDAH.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Assessment strategies of palliative care development: A systematic review

Introducción. Dada la alta carga de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y el sufrimiento grave es importante estudiar los cuidados paliativos en los sistemas de salud pública. Objetivo. Analizar las estrategias de evaluación del desarrollo de los cuidados paliativos. Material y métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura utilizando dos motores de búsqueda: pubMed y Embase, se seleccionaron artículos que evalúan el desarrollo en cuidados paliativos en al menos dos países. Se evaluó la calidad de los estudios según las fuentes de información utilizadas para la construcción de las estrategias de evaluación. Los resultados se presentan en una síntesis narrativa. Resultados. Se identificaron 15 estrategias de evaluación de los cuidados paliativos que comparten una estructura en común y se estableció una clasificación según su metodología en cuatro grupos: de registro, clasificación nominal, clasificación numérica y estrategias mixtas. Conclusiones. La clasificación de las estrategias de evaluación de los cuidados paliativos facilitará la elección del modelo más adecuado para las necesidades de cada contexto así como también la identificación de los medios necesarios para asegurar la implementación universal en los sistemas de salud.Introduction. Due to the high rate of chronic non-transmissible illnesses and the serious suffering they cause, it is important to study palliative care in public health systems. Objective. Analyze the strategies for the evaluation of the development of palliative care. Material and methods. A systematic review was made of the literature using two search engines: pubMed and Embase, and articles were selected that evaluate development in palliative care in at least two countries. The quality of the studies was evaluated according to the information source used to build the assessment strategies. The results are presented in a narrative synthesis. Results. Fifteen palliative care strategies that share a common structure were identified, and a classification was established according to their methodology in four groups: registration, nominal classification, numerical classification and mixed strategies. Conclusions. The classification of palliative care assessment strategies facilitates the choice of the most appropriate model for the needs of each context, as well as identification of the means necessary to ensure their universal implementation in health systems

Aspergillus fumigatus: análisis microscópico de su estructura en un modelo de biofilm in vitro

La enfermedad asociada al biofilm está siendo evaluada con profundidad en diferentes campos de la Microbiología Clínica, en tanto que representa un importante problema de salud pública. La formación de biofilms constituye un modo de crecimiento que hace que las células que lo forman sean menos susceptibles a los antimicrobianos y a la acción del sistema inmune del huésped y, permite que los patógenos sobrevivan en entornos hostiles, se dispersen y colonicen nuevos nichos no previstos. En lo relativo a la infección fúngica de gravedad, aún hoy constituye un gran reto para la salud pública por su elevada morbi-mortalidad a pesar de los avances en diagnóstico y estrategias de tratamiento. Para avanzar en el conocimiento de los procesos que motivan la invasión fúngica, los modelos in vitro de biofilm constituyen una herramienta interesante para hallar respuestas que puedan trasladarse y aplicarse en la práctica clínica. En el laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Micología, del CNM-ISCIII mantenemos una línea de investigación, utilizando un modelo de biofilm de Aspergillus fumigatus, y cepas de diferentes orígenes y fondos genéticos, que nos ayudarán a desarrollar herramientas complementarias para establecer nuevos test diagnósticos y estrategias de tratamiento, así como relacionar resistencia con la capacidad de formar biofilms y con la patogenia y virulencia del hongo. En este estudio se analiza fenotípicamente esta estructura mediante técnicas de imagen basadas en microscopia de fluorescencia con marcajesespecíficos para evaluar la arquitectura del biofilm intraespecie y el efecto de factores que puedan alterar su desarrollo e integridad.Biofilm-associated disease is being evaluated in depth in different fields of Clinical Microbiology, as it represents an important public health problem. The formation of biofilms constitutes a mode of growth that makes forming cells less susceptible to antimicrobials and to the action of the host's immune system. This structure also allows pathogens to survive in hostile environments and disperse and colonize new unforeseen niches. Regarding serious fungal infection, even today it constitutes a great challenge for public health due to its high morbidity and mortality despite important advances in diagnosis and treatment strategies. In an attempt to advance our knowledge on fungal cell invasion, in vitro fungal biofilm models are an interesting tool to find answers that can be applied in clinical practice. At the CNM-ISCIII Reference and Research Laboratory in Mycology, we maintain a line of research, using an Aspergillus fumigatusbiofilm model, and strains from different origins and genetic backgrounds, which will help us develop new complementary tools to establish new diagnostics tests and treatment strategies, as well as to connect resistance to biofilms and to fungal virulence traits. In this study, this structure is phenotypically analysed using imagingtechniques based on fluorescence microscopy with specific markings to evaluate the architecture of the intraspecies biofilm and the effect of factors that may alter its development and integrity

Genotyping of Leptospira interrogans isolates from Mexican patients

The aim of this study was genotypically characterize Leptospira sp. clinical isolates from Mexico which were previously identified as Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona (POM) by phenotypic methods. The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was used for DNA amplification with five oligonucleotides. A dendrogram was constructed using the Unweighted Pair Group Method Analysis (UPGMA). During the genotypic characterization, the studied isolates constituted a group which was associated with the reference strain L. interrogans serovar Pomona. The Minimum Spanning Networks (MST) analysis revealed the same cluster between Mexican isolates and the reference strain POM. Clinical isolates identified as L. interrogans serovar POM have a clonal reproduction type, suggesting that this clone is distributed in different regions of Mexico

Proposal for an Integrative Cognitive-Emotional Conception of ADHD

first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessReview Proposal for an Integrative Cognitive-Emotional Conception of ADHD by Rocío Lavigne-Cerván 1ORCID,Marta Sánchez-Muñoz de León 1,Rocío Juárez-Ruiz de Mier 1,*ORCID,Marta Romero-González 1ORCID,Sara Gamboa-Ternero 2,Gemma Rodríguez-Infante 1 andJuan F. Romero-Pérez 1 1 Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain 2 Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 15421; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215421 Received: 23 September 2022 / Revised: 16 November 2022 / Accepted: 19 November 2022 / Published: 21 November 2022 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotion Regulation in Children and Adolescents) Download Browse Figure Review Reports Versions Notes Abstract Although numerous efforts have been made to deepen our understanding of the etiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), no explanation of its origins, nor of its consequences, has yet found a consensus within the scientific community. This study performs a theoretical review of various research studies and provides a reflection on the role of emotions in the origin of the disorder, at the neuroanatomical and functional level. To this end, theoretical models (single and multiple origin) and applied studies are reviewed in order to broaden the perspective on the relevance of the executive system in ADHD; it is suggested that this construct is not only composed and activated by cognitive processes and functions, but also includes elements of an emotional and motivational nature. Consequently, it is shown that ADHD is involved in social development and in a person’s ability to adapt to the environment.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag