Extra virgin olive oil polyphenolic extracts downregulate inflammatory responses in LPS-activated murine peritoneal macrophages suppressing NFκB and MAPK signalling pathways

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is obtained from the fruit of the olive tree Olea europaea L. Phenolic compounds present in EVOO have recognized anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the activity of the total phenolic fraction extracted from EVOO and the action mechanisms involved are not well defined. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the polyphenolic extract (PE) from EVOO on LPS-stimulated peritoneal murine macrophages. Nitric oxide (NO) production was analyzed by the Griess method and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by fluorescence analysis. Moreover, changes in the protein expression of the pro-inflammatory enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), as well as the role of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NFκB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways, were analyzed by Western blot. PE from EVOO reduced LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses through decreasing NO and ROS generation. In addition, PE induced a significant down-regulation of iNOS, COX-2 and mPGES-1 protein expressions, reduced MAPK phosphorylation and prevented the nuclear NFκB translocation. This study establishes that PE from EVOO possesses anti-inflammatory activities on LPS-stimulated murine macrophages.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación AGL 2008-02475Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación AGL 2011-26949Junta de Andalucía P-10AGR-6609Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad INNCORPORA-PT

Coping Style and Early Life Vocalizations in the Common Marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus )

From Springer Nature via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2019-11-09, accepted 2020-03-20, registration 2020-03-20, pub-electronic 2020-05-20, online 2020-05-20, pub-print 2020-06Publication status: PublishedFunder: University of ChesterAbstract: Coping styles describe behavioral differences during stressful or challenging situations. Coping styles are stable over time but little is known about early life manifestation and development of these behavioral differences. We aimed to investigate if differences in the way marmosets produce vocalizations at an early age are related to their coping style in the future. We studied 14 common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) from three social groups housed at the marmoset colony at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. We recorded the vocalizations of each marmoset in isolation at 15–17 days of age, analyzing latency to vocalize and calling rate of phee and tsik calls. To measure coping style, we introduced a novel stimulus to the group cages when infants were 3 months old and recorded exploration, headcocking, and approaches to the stimulus. The results showed negative relationships between the latency of phee call (a long-range contact call) at 15–17 days and frequency of exploration and approach to the novel stimulus at 3 months, although both correlations fall above the cut-off points for the false discovery rate. Marmosets that gave long-range calls sooner at 15–17 days of age also showed more exploratory behaviors at 3 months. The results also showed group differences in exploration at 3 months, and twins were more similar to each other than to other infants in the sample. There were no group differences in early vocalizations and no sex differences in any variable. These findings suggest that coping style is stable from as early as 15–17 days after birth and suggest that the group can influence exploration in marmosets

Validation of a Semantic Search Engine for Academic Resources on Engineering Teamwork

Obtaining evidence on the acquisition of the teamwork competence, from students throughout their training, is demanded by both accrediting agencies of High Education degrees and future employers. This competence has been, and still is, of great importance in general and in degrees in engineering in particular. Based on previous research studies, evidence to evaluate teamwork competence acquisition is classified in three dimensions: (i) the individual dimension, acquired by each team member; (ii) the group dimension, composed of results from each teamwork; and (iii) the result dimension, which consists of deliverable products throughout the teamwork process. One of the methods which takes the three dimensions into account, the one that helps train and evaluate the teamwork competence, is the ''''Comprehensive Training Model of the Teamwork Competence'''' method. In this paper, we will show that through this method, more than 50 teams have generated evidence which can be used as learning resources. All this evidence has been stored and organized (through an ontology) in a semantic repository. The generated evidence is retrieved by using an inference engine through the metadata of ontology. This study, which has validated the resources obtained from the repository, was relevant for a specific information demand. To this end, results automatically obtained by the search engine were compared with those manually found by teachers who are experienced in the teamwork competence

Social network changes in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) after the birth of new infants

Cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) are characterized by a system of cooperative breeding where helpers, in addition to the reproductive pair, contribute to infant care. Grooming interactions between individuals play an important role in establishing social relationships, creating an interconnected social network in the group. We used social network analysis to investigate the social structure of two groups of cotton-top tamarins with different sizes and compositions and study whether they remain stable after the birth of new infants. We also investigated the possible correlation between the time spent carrying infants and an increase in the grooming centrality. We found that group A (n = 13) had a stable grooming network that showed consistent stability after the birth, although group B (n = 8 and no adult helpers) changed its grooming network and showed a lower density after the birth. Infant carrying was not correlated with increased grooming centrality after the birth. These findings highlight the usefulness of social network analysis in the study of group structure in cooperatively breeding primates and suggest that the birth of offspring has a greater impact on the stability of groups without adult helpersThis research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Cultura; Contract grant number: FP-93 9310751 (DGICyT PB90-206); Contract grant sponsor: International Agreement between Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) and Deutsches Primatenzentrum (Göttingen, Germany) 1994–199

La innovación en las prácticas universitarias: un modelo de evaluación

[Resumen] La aplicación práctica del enfoque de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP), como recurso innovador utilizado en los últimos años en la formación de profesionales de diferentes campos, como: Psicopedagogos, Educadores, Psicólogos, Trabajadores Sociales, etc.,), lleva a la necesidad de evaluar formalmente cuál es la eficacia y el influjo real de la aplicación de este enfoque innovador (del ABP) en la formación universitaria. Como respuesta a dicha necesidad se ha elaborado una batería de instrumentos de evaluación (EPU) que permiten determinar de modo objetivo la eficacia e innovación del ABP, en diferentes modelos de prácticas universitarias: innovadoras vs. tradicionales. Lo que permitirá conocer la eficacia comparativa de ambos enfoques, el tradicional y el creativo (ABP), además de verificar la incidencia en otros aspectos del aprendizaje (calificaciones, satisfacción, relación con otros aspectos del aprendizaje, generabilidad, etc.). La presente ponencia aborda tres cuestiones básicas. Primeramente, se hace una reflexión y conceptualización sobre el ABP, como enfoque innovador en la enseñanza universitaria. Seguidamente, se describe de modo general la Batería de Evaluación de Prácticas Universitarias EPU, formada por los siguientes instrumentos: Instrumento Escalar para la Evaluación de las Prácticas Universitarias (EPU-lE); Indicadores de Evaluación de las Prácticas Universitarias (EPUI) Y Diferencial Semántico para la Evaluación de las Prácticas Universitarias (EPU-DS); así como algunas propiedades psicométricas de las mismas. Y por último, se comentan algunos datos empíricos obtenidos de una evaluación experimental de diferentes modelos de prácticas seguidos por nosotros con alumnos universitarios

Coping style and early life vocalizations in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Coping styles describe behavioral differences during stressful or challenging situations. Coping styles are stable over time but little is known about early life manifestation and development of these behavioral differences. We aimed to investigate if differences in the way marmosets produce vocalizations at an early age are related to their coping style in the future. We studied 14 common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)from three social groups housed at the marmoset colony at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. We recorded the vocalizations of each marmoset in isolation at 15–17 days of age, analyzing latency to vocalize and calling rate of phee and tsik calls. To measure coping style, we introduced a novel stimulus to the group cages when infants were 3 months old and recorded exploration, headcocking, and approaches to the stimulus. The results showed negative relationships between the latency of phee call (a long-range contact call) at 15–17 days and frequency of exploration and approach to the novel stimulus at 3 months, although both correlations fall above the cut-off points for the false discovery rate. Marmosets that gave long-range calls sooner at 15–17 days of age also showed more exploratory behaviors at 3 months. The results also showed group differences in exploration at 3 months, and twins were more similar to each other than to other infants in the sample. There were no group differences in early vocalizations and no sex differences in any variable. These findings suggest that coping style is stable from as early as 15–17 days after birth and suggest that the group can influence exploration in marmosetsThis project received funding from a grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, “Proyectos de Investigación Fundamental No Orientada Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad,” PSI 2012-3074

¿Predice la competencia en la escritura del alumnado su desarrollo metacognitivo (auto-conocimiento y auto-regulación)?

p. 211-219Se analiza la relación entre la dimensión metacognitiva de la composición escrita, autoconocimiento y auto-regulación y el dominio o competencia en la composición escrita que muestra el alumnado, operacionalizado en términos de calidad y productividad del producto textual a lo largo de diferentes grupos de edad desde Educación Primaria hasta el final de la Educación Secundaria ObligatoriaS

Líneas generales de intervención en el campo de las dificultades de aprendizaje (da): El foco de la intervención familiar

p. 275-290Con el fin de situar adecuadamente los argumentos que se defenderán en esta ponencia, es preciso hacer alguna clarificación previa sobre lo que se entiende por dificultades de aprendizaje, sobre una de las hipótesis de interés para la intervención educativa con estas personas (el continuo de bajo rendimiento) y los principios y áreas de intervención. Con estas aclaraciones previas, veamos diferentes modelos de intervención y las que resultan más eficaz, además de ilustrar la intervención en el foco familiar en tomo a las tareas escolares, sabiendo que esto no agota, ni mucho menos el problema, pero puede indicar el camino en coherencia con el enfoque expresado en este primer apartadoS