La prostitución desde una perspectiva de género

Después del género, la pobreza es el segundo factor de riesgo asociado con la prostitución (Davidson. 1998), siendo la vulnerabilidad económica y las limitadas opciones vitales importantes factores que inducen a la misma. La feminización de la pobreza que provoca la falta de oportunidades de las mujeres, establecen las características diferenciales del perfil de la Persona en Prostitución (PEP) como mujeres, inmigrantes, con bajo nivel educativo, pocos recursos económicos y en situación irregular. El 76,9 % de las mujeres estudiadas eran inmigrantes, mayoritarimente de Latinoamérica (35,1 %), con edades comprendidas entre los 18 – 25 años (17,79 %), con una media de edad de 27 años, y con estudios primarios (58,7 %). Tan solo el 13,5 % de las mujeres estudiadas, afirmaron utilizar siempre el preservativo en las relaciones con los clientes, y más de la mitad de ellas (60,6 %) digeron no utilizar nunca el preservativo en sus relaciones en el ámbito privado. El 71,6 % consumen tabaco, el 92,3 % alcohol y el 29,3 % drogas no inyectables mayoritariamente durante el ejercicio de la prostitución, mientras que el 16,3 % consumen drogas inyectables independientemente del ejercicio, lo cual demuestra que la mayoría de estas prácticas son derivadas del ejercicio mismo de la prostitución

Methanol and ammonia as emerging green fuels: Evaluation of a new power generation paradigm

[EN]In the current context of the energy transition, the use of liquid fuels is attracting attention to be used as energy storage, due to the inherent fluctuations of the main renewable energy sources. In addition, these liquid fuels have also been proposed as energy carriers, to introduce renewables in hard-to-electrify applications. Methanol and ammonia emerge as the two most promising green liquid fuels for energy purposes. In this work, a systematic assessment of the transformation of methanol/ammonia into power is performed. Two different routes have been studied: thermochemical (through fuel combustion) and electrochemical (using fuel cells). From a technical analysis, the methanol process reaches the highest efficiency, around 38%. In general, thermochemical processes show better performance in terms of energy efficiency. From an economic perspective, the current costs of the thermochemical route are around 0.3 €/kWh and 0.6-1 €/kWh for the electrochemical. Electricity cost is expected to be reduced as process efficiency increases down to values of around 0.1 €/kWh. A progressive introduction of these green liquid fuels will be necessary to achieve a 100% renewable energy system in all areas, guaranteeing the long-term sustainability of the planet

Assessing the agronomic and environmental effects of the application of cattle manure compost on soil by multivariate methods

[EN] Multivariate analysis was used for interpreting data from a pot experiment using samples of three Spanish soils. Samples of soil fertilized with compost were compared with untreated control samples. We also compared the effect of adding the compost to soil with a controlled moisture content of 50% of its water holding capacity (WHC), and to a near-saturated soil (95% WHC). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used; they perfectly differentiated sample groups both as a function of the treatment applied and by sampling date. The compost samples were characterized by higher pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM) content and cation exchange capacity (CEC), together with nutrient concentrations than the control pots. The pots with a soil–compost mixture at 95% WHC presented lower values of EC, CEC, inorganic N, K, Na and B than the mixtures at 50% WHC. Multivariate methods may therefore be useful for the analysis and interpretation of a large number of data in soil researchS

Tendencias emergentes del retail en el entorno digital. El caso de El Ganso

En este trabajo se hablará de retail en referencia a las tiendas de marca en el sector de la moda o retail textil

Targeting Environmental and Technical Parameters through Eco-Efficiency Criteria for Iberian Pig Farms in the dehesa Ecosystem

Eco-efficiency could be defined as the simultaneous ability to achieve acceptable economic results with the least possible environmental degradation. Its analysis in crop and livestock production systems has become a hot topic among politicians and scientists. Pig pasture production systems are in high commercial demand because they are associated with high quality and environmentally friendly products. This work aimed to assess the eco-efficiency of pig farms and subsequently explore the determinants of inefficiency in the dehesa ecosystem in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Farmers from 35 randomly selected farms were interviewed to obtain farm-level data. The eco-efficiency level was calculated through a joined data envelopment analysis (DEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Subsequently, a truncated Tobit model was applied to determine factors associated with inefficiency. The results of the research revealed that Iberian pig farms are highly eco-efficient. The estimated average eco-efficiency score is 0.919 and ranges from 0.479 to 1, suggesting that the average farm could increase its value by about 8.1%. This means that the aggregate environmental pressures could be reduced by approximately this proportion (8%) while maintaining the same input level. The determinants related to social and demographic characteristics that positively affected eco-efficiency were the number of children, while years of farm activity and educational level had a negative effect. On the other hand, farm’s characteristics and the type of management, the percentage of own surface area, the percentage of livestock use, and the high proportion of pigs fattened in montanera, positively affected the eco-efficiency leve

El uso de herramientas de simulación para el diseño de sistemas electroacústicos en una sala de cine THX

Se explicará el uso de la herramienta de simulación de sistemas acústicos y electroacústicos EASE®, en el diseño de una sala cine con sonido multicanal en formato digital 7.1 y THX. Se comenzará con la definición del modelo arquitectónico y geométrico, la validación de modelo a partir de características acústicas, la elección y ubicación del sistema de refuerzo electroacústico, la ecualización y ajuste del sistema electroacústico, la obtención de la respuesta temporal y la auralización de la sala con el sistema de sonido funcionando. La utilización de este tipo de herramientas de simulación permite realizar modificaciones en el diseño con un coste de tiempo muy razonable

MoS2 quantum dots for on-line fluorescence determination of the food additive allura red

[EN] This work presents an on-line fluorescence method for the allura red (AR) determination. The method is based on the fluorescence quenching of dots of MoS2 because of their interaction with the non-fluorescence dye. MoS2-dots were synthetized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and High Resolution Transmission Electronic Microscopy (HR-TEM). The simultaneous injection of the nanomaterial and the dye in a flow injection analysis system allows the determination of allura red at 1.7 x 10(-6) M concentration level with a very good accuracy and precision (Er minor than 10% and RSD lower than 8%) and a sampling frequency of 180 samples per hour. Moreover, the interaction fluomphore-quencher results a dynamic inhibition mechanism. The proposed methodology was applied to the AR analysis in soft beverages and powders for gelatine preparation. Colourant concentrations of 63 +/- 2 mg/L (n = 3) and 0.30 +/- 0.01 mg/g (n = 3) were found, respectively. These results were validated by high performance liquid chromatography technique.The authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish MICINN (MAT2017-85089-C2-2-R), the Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid (P2018/NMT-4349, TRANSNANOAVANSENS-CM).Coloma, A.; Del Pozo, M.; Martínez-Moro, R.; Blanco, E.; Atienzar Corvillo, PE.; Sánchez, L.; Petit-Domínguez, MD.... (2021). MoS2 quantum dots for on-line fluorescence determination of the food additive allura red. Food Chemistry. 345:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128628S1834

Lineage-specific function of Engrailed-2 in the progression of chronic myelogenous leukemia to T-cell blast crisis

In hematopoietic malignancies, oncogenic alterations interfere with cellular differentiation and lead to tumoral development. Identification of the proteins regulating differentiation is essential to understand how they are altered in malignancies. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a biphasic disease initiated by an alteration taking place in hematopoietic stem cells. CML progresses to a blast crisis (BC) due to a secondary differentiation block in any of the hematopoietic lineages. However, the molecular mechanisms of CML evolution to T-cell BC remain unclear. Here, we have profiled the changes in DNA methylation patterns in human samples from BC-CML, in order to identify genes whose expression is epigenetically silenced during progression to T-cell lineage-specific BC. We have found that the CpG-island of the ENGRAILED-2 (EN2) gene becomes methylated in this progression. Afterwards, we demonstrate that En2 is expressed during T-cell development in mice and humans. Finally, we further show that genetic deletion of En2 in a CML transgenic mouse model induces a T-cell lineage BC that recapitulates human disease. These results identify En2 as a new regulator of T-cell differentiation whose disruption induces a malignant T-cell fate in CML progression, and validate the strategy used to identify new developmental regulators of hematopoiesis.Research at C.C.’s lab was partially supported by FEDER, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, CSIC P.I.E., Junta de Castilla y León, and from an institutional grant from the Fundación Ramón Areces. Research in ISG group is partially supported by FEDER and by MICINN (SAF2012-32810), by MEC OncoBIO Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (Ref. CSD2007-0017), by NIH grant (R01 CA109335-04A1), the ARIMMORA project (FP7-ENV-2011, European Union Seventh Framework Program), by Junta de Castilla y León (BIO/SA06/13) and by “Proyecto en red de investigación en células madre tumorales” supported by Obra Social Kutxa y Consejería de Sanidad de la Junta de Castilla y Leon. C.V.D.’s research is supported by Junta de Castilla y León (proyecto de investigación en biomedicina SAN/39/2010). J.A.M.C.’s research is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), grants FIS-PI12/00202 and RTICC-RD12/0036/0063. All Spanish funding is co-sponsored by the European Union FEDER program. I.S.G. is an API lab of the EuroSyStem project and a partner of DECIDE European network. F.A.-J. and E.C.S. were supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation fellowships. E.C.-S. was a “Residencia de Estudiantes” Fellow. A.T.N. was the recipient of a “Beca de Postgrado de la Fundación Ramón Areces/UAM.”Peer Reviewe

Transcriptomic profile induced in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells after interaction with multiple myeloma cells: implications in myeloma progression and myeloma bone disease

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.Despite evidence about the implication of the bone marrow (BM) stromal microenvironment in multiple myeloma (MM) cell growth and survival, little is known about the effects of myelomatous cells on BM stromal cells. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from healthy donors (dMSCs) or myeloma patients (pMSCs) were co-cultured with the myeloma cell line MM.1S, and the transcriptomic profile of MSCs induced by this interaction was analyzed. Deregulated genes after co-culture common to both d/pMSCs revealed functional involvement in tumor microenvironment cross-talk, myeloma growth induction and drug resistance, angiogenesis and signals for osteoclast activation and osteoblast inhibition. Additional genes induced by co-culture were exclusively deregulated in pMSCs and predominantly associated to RNA processing, the ubiquitine-proteasome pathway, cell cycle regulation, cellular stress and non-canonical Wnt signaling. The upregulated expression of five genes after co-culture (CXCL1, CXCL5 and CXCL6 in d/pMSCs, and Neuregulin 3 and Norrie disease protein exclusively in pMSCs) was confirmed, and functional in vitro assays revealed putative roles in MM pathophysiology. The transcriptomic profile of pMSCs co-cultured with myeloma cells may better reflect that of MSCs in the BM of myeloma patients, and provides new molecular insights to the contribution of these cells to MM pathophysiology and to myeloma bone disease.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish MINECO-ISCIII (PI12/02591, PI12/00624) and FEDER (European Funds for Regional Development); the Centro en Red for Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapy from Castilla y León; the Spanish Health Thematic Network of Cooperative Research in Cancer (RTICC RD12/0056/0058 and RD12/0036/0003), and Spanish FIS (PS09/01897 and PS09/00843). AG-G received support from the Centro en Red for Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapy from Castilla y León and from the Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH), and EDR from the Spanish Association for Cancer Research (AECC).Peer Reviewe

Efecto de la administración intracerebral de mk-801 y (-) nicotina en las concentraciones extracelulares de glu y gaba en el núcleo pedunculopontino de ratas.

Aunque la manipulación farmacológica de los sistemas glutamatérgico y colinérgico se ha tratado en modelos experimentales de enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), pocos autores han realizado estudios de esta temática a nivel del núcleo pedunculopontino (NPP). El presente trabajo aborda los cambios en las concentraciones extracelulares (CE) de glutamato (Glu) y ácido δ-amino butírico (GABA) en el NPP de ratas hemiparkinsonizadas por inyección de 6-hidroxidopamina (6-OHDA) y sometidas a la infusión local de MK-801 (10 mol/L) o (-) nicotina (10mM). La infusión se realizó mediante microdiálisis cerebral y la determinación de las CE de los neurotransmisores se realizó a través de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución acoplada a detección de fluorescencia. La infusión de MK-801 en el NPP produjo una disminución significativa de las CE de Glu (