Enfoques feministas del uso del hiyab-velo. Herramientas para el profesorado

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es ofrecer al profesorado una herramienta de acercamiento y comprensión de los múltiples significados, contextos, sentimientos, tipos y usos del hiyab-velo, que le permita superar los prejuicios que resultan de la visión simplista, colonial y etnocéntrica dominante en nuestro entorno y, además, suplir la ausencia de un material educativo feminista que aporte una perspectiva de género. En un entorno cada vez más intercultural, es prioritaria la formación del personal docente sobre un tema tan confuso y polémico como el hiyab, aplicando las teorías pedagógicas en formación del profesorado y las competencias del tema en los centros escolares. Para la consecución de este fin, se recopila un abanico de informaciones y material que trata de mostrar una fotografía realista, práctica y útil, tanto del empoderamiento de muchas mujeres árabes y/o musulmanas con independencia del uso o no del velo, como de los enfoques feministas árabes y/o musulmanes sobre el uso del hiyab, esbozando un desarrollo de la historia del feminismo árabe y/o musulmán y sus activistas.Se pretende que, en manos del profesorado, constituya una herramienta válida de formación intelectual y, en consecuencia,repercuta en el aula

Measuring Recovery and Understanding Long-Term Deficits in Balance, Ankle Mobility and Hip Strength in People after an Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Bimalleolar Fracture and Their Impact on Functionality: A 12-Month Longitudinal Study

[EN] To analyze how balance and other physical capacities evolved after surgery in patients with a bimalleolar fracture and how these capacities and clinical variables (immobilization or unloading time) contribute to restoring patients’ functionality, 22 patients and 10 healthy people (HC) were assessed for static and dynamic balance (Y-Balance test, YBT), dorsiflexion ankle mobility (ADFROM) and hip strength at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Patients’ functional status was assessed through the Olerud Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. Twenty-one patients with ankle fractures who completed the study showed a worse static and dynamic balance at 6 months. The YBT in the anterior direction (YBTA) revealed balance deficits in the operated limb at 12 months compared to the non-operated limb (−5.6%) and the HC (−6.7%). They also showed a decreased ADFROM compared to the non-operated limb (−7.4°) and the HC (−11°). In addition, medium-term (6 months) deficits in abductor strength hip but no hip strength deficits were found at 12 months after surgery. Relative weight analyses showed that ADFROM and hip strength explained 35–63% of the YBTA variance and AOFAS/OMAS scores. Balance, hip strength and ADFROM seem to be reliable indexes for assessing the functional status of these patients. These results could help to understand the relationship between these physical capacities and the patients’ perceived functional statusS

Precisión de los métodos de primera generación en la detección de estenosis en fístulas arteriovenosas nativas

Introducción: Existen diferentes métodos de primera generación para la detección de estenosis. Objetivo: Determinar la precisión de los métodos de primera generación en la detección de estenosis en fístulas arteriovenosas nativas. Material y Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Muestra: Pacientes con fístulas arteriovenosas nativas funcionantes. Métodos de primera generación: exploración física, test manuales: test de aumento del pulso y test de elevación del brazo, métodos indirectos, Kt/V y recirculación de la fístula arteriovenosa. El diagnóstico de estenosis fue confirmado mediante ecografía doppler. Se calculó sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo (VPP), valor predictivo negativo (VPN) y precisión de los métodos de primera generación basándose en la ecografía doppler. Resultados: Muestra 39 pacientes, 79,48% hombres. El ecógrafo detectó 19 estenosis, ninguna significativa. Exploración física: sensibilidad 31,5%, especificidad 80%, VPP 60%, VPN 55,1%, precisión 56,4%. Test aumento del pulso: sensibilidad 5,2%, especificidad 90%, VPP 33,3%, VPN 50%, precisión 48,7%. Test elevación del brazo: sensibilidad 52,6%, especificidad 70%, VPP 62,5%, VPN 60,8%, precisión 61,5%. Métodos indirectos: sensibilidad 15,7%, especificidad 55%, VPP 25%, VPN 40,7%, precisión 35,9%. Kt/V: sensibilidad 10,5%, especificidad 75%, VPP 28,5%, VPN 46,8%, precisión 43,5%. Recirculación de la FAV: sensibilidad 10,5%, especificidad 100%, VPP 100%, VPN 54,1%, precisión 56,4%. Conclusiones: Todos los métodos de primera generación presentan alta especificidad y baja sensibilidad. El grado de estenosis (significativa o no significativa) podría influir en la sensibilidad de la exploración física, pero no en la especificidad. El test de elevación del brazo es el método de primera generación más preciso en la detección de estenosis

Ganancia de peso y modificación de la composición corporal después de un trasplante renal

Introducción: Esta constatado un aumento de peso postrasplante renal, entre otros factores, por una reducción de la actividad física en los primeros meses, aumento del apetito y toma de inmunosupresores y corticoides. Objetivo: Conocer la ganancia de peso postrasplante. Determinar relación entre ganancia de peso y comorbilidades. Evaluar la modificación de la composición corporal. Material y Método: Estudio prospectivo, septiembre 2020-abril 2023. Se realizaron mediciones de peso a los 0, 3, 6, 12 meses. Resultados: Se analizaron 92 pacientes, 68,5% varones, edad 58±18,5 años. Peso pretrasplante 72,5 (±5,8), a los 12 meses: 75,10 (±15,7) kg. Se encontraron diferencias entre primero y trasplantes previos (p=0,020). En el análisis de las varianzas de medidas repetidas de peso (p=0,022), las diferencias se mostraron entre el mes 0 y el tercero, el mes 0 y el año y, entre el tercer mes y el año. En la masa muscular (p<0,001), se vieron al comparar el mes 0 con 3º, con 6º y con 12 meses. La masa grasa al comparar 3er mes con 12 meses y la grasa visceral (p=0,032), al comparar 3er mes con 6º y con 12 meses. Conclusión: Tras el trasplante renal se produce un aumento de peso, especialmente a partir del 6º mes, situándose en un 5% al año. La masa muscular aumenta en mayor medida que la masa grasa. Las personas trasplantadas de donante vivo, trasplante previos, con hipertensión y/o enfermedad cardiovascular tienen mayor ganancia de peso

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos del Cesar, Córdoba y Guajira

La violencia en el país ha sido una larga lucha por el cual las víctimas han tenido que atravesar durante muchos años dejando como mayor consecuencia el desplazamiento forzoso; situación que los ha conllevado a adaptarse y aprender a vivir en una sociedad en donde son invisibles y también señalados, el cual va arraigado a las duras experiencias que han pasado dejando en ellos memorias colectivas. Las comunidades víctimas de la guerra han sido por mucho tiempo recuperadas a partir de objetivos claros que llevaron a fomentar la reconstrucción de sus tejidos sociales, es por ello que los diferentes escenarios de violencia pueden estar muy unidos por la gran memoria colectiva que han compartido, eventos traumáticos difíciles de olvidar, además de que la mayoría les ha costado superar sus diferentes situaciones como el destierro o la perdida de seres queridos, de tal forma que el acompañamiento social y comunitario son indispensables para minimizar estas duras situaciones, ya que la víctima no solo se debe recuperar a nivel emocional sino también a nivel social y familiar. Una forma de conocer las constantes experiencias vividas de las víctimas del conflicto armado es por medio de la narrativa, en donde se les da el espacio para que ellos puedan expresar los hechos de forma subjetiva; en el siguiente informe se evaluará eventos psicosociales traumáticos mediante la narrativa del relato N° 3 de Alfredo campos, tomado de Banco Mundial, (2009), el cual se analizará para luego proponer una serie de preguntas circulares, reflexivas y estratégicas orientadas hacia un acercamiento psicosocial y a la superación de condiciones de victimización. De igual forma, también se planteará el caso de Peñas Coloradas tomado de “El estado declaró al ejército dueño temporal de nuestro caserío y nos condenó al destierro” Comisión de la verdad, (2009) con la finalidad de crear estrategias psicosociales que faciliten la potenciación de recursos de afrontamientos a la situación expresada.Violence in our country has been a long struggle through which the victims have had to go through for many years, leaving forced displacement as a major consequence, a situation that has led them to adapt and learn to live in a society where they are invisible and also mentioned, which is rooted in the harsh experiences that have passed, leaving them with collective memories. The communities victims of the war have been recovered for a long time based on clear objectives that led to promoting the reconstruction of their social fabric, which is why the different scenarios of violence can be very united by the great collective memory they have shared, traumatic events that are difficult to forget, in addition to the fact that most of them have had a hard time overcoming their different situations such as exile or the loss of loved ones, in such a way that social and community accompaniment are essential to minimize these harsh situations, since the victim does not It should only be recovered on an emotional level but also on a social and family level. One way of knowing the constant lived experiences of the victims of the armed conflict is through the narrative, where they are given the space so that they can express the facts subjectively; In the following report, traumatic psychosocial events will be evaluated through the narrative of the story No. 3 by Alfredo Campos, taken from the World Bank, (2009), which will be analyzed to then propose a series of circular, reflective and strategic questions oriented towards an approach psychosocial and overcoming conditions of victimization. Similarly, the case of Peñas Coloradas will also be considered, taken from "The state declared the army temporary owner of our village and sentenced us to exile" Truth Commission, (2009) with the aim of creating psychosocial strategies that facilitate empowerment of coping resources to the expressed situation

Approximation to the economic cost of healthcare for hypertensive patients diagnosed with COVID-19

IntroductionMany researchers have focused their studies on hypertension due to its over-representation among COVID-19 patients. Both retrospective and observational studies conducted close to the Wuhan area have reported that hypertension is the most common comorbidity observed in patients affected by COVID-19.ObjectiveOur objective is that patients with arterial hypertension have a worse prognosis in terms of evolution leading to higher costs.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 3,581 patients from La Paz University Hospital (LPUH) during the period between 15 July 2020 and 31 July 2020 were included in this study.ResultsIt should be noted that 40.71% of the patients were hypertensive. As expected, hypertension was associated with men, among whom we observed a higher prevalence and a higher age (median age of 77 years (IQI: 65–85) versus 52 years (IQI: 37–64), p-value &lt; 0.001). Hypertensive patients had a higher prevalence of dyspnea (52.14% vs. 47.15%, p-value = 0.004) and altered awareness (14.89% vs. 4.30%, p-value &lt;0.001). The non-parametric Kaplan–Meier curve estimates the survival of patients in the two study groups. We can see how patients with hypertension have a higher associated mortality, with the difference being statistically significant, p-value (log-rank) = 0.004. Only for the appearance of complications during hospitalization, the group of hypertensive patients reached the figure of €1,355,901.71 compared to the total of 421,403.48 € for normotensive patients.ConclusionOur study shows the worse clinical evolution of patients with COVID-19 in terms of associated morbidity and mortality. It also shows that the cost of managing patients with hypertension is greater than that of managing normotensive patients

Black list and Alert list of the Aquatic Invasive Alien Species in the Iberian Peninsula: an action of the LIFE INVASAQUA

Resumen del trabajo presentado en VI Congreso Nacional sobre Especies Exóticas Invasoras y I Congreso Ibérico sobre EEI (EEI 2022) celebrado en Navarra del 20 al 23 de abril de 2022.One of the objectives of LIFE INVASQUA project is to develop tools that will be more efficient the Early Warning and Rapid Response (EWRR) framework for Invasive Alien Species in the Iberian Peninsula. Horizon scanning for high-risk IAS is basic in implementing measures to reduce new invasions, developing Alert lists, and to focus effort in the species already established, for instance making a Black list. We developed a trans national horizon scanning exercise focused on inland waters of Spain and Portugal in order to provide a prioritized lists (Black list and Alert list) of aquatic IAS that may pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems and socio economic sectors in the future. We followed a step approach of existing information about IAS (Plants, Freshwater Invertebrates, Estuarine Invertebrates and Vertebrates; 127 established taxa in Black list; 90 non established taxa in Alert list) combining with an expert scoring of prioritized taxa. IAS established in the Iberian aquatic system consistently highlighted as the worst included vertebrates (e.g. Cyprinus carpio, Gambusia holbrooki, Silurus glanis), freshwater and estuarine invertebrates (e.g. Procambarus clarkii, Dreissena polymorpha, Pacifastacus leniusculus, Ficopomatus enigmaticus, Callinectes sapidus, Corbicula fluminea) and plants (e.g. Eichhornia crassipes, Azolla filiculoides, Ludwigia grandiflora). Amongst taxa not yet established (Alert list), expert pointed to Perna viridis, Hydroides dirampha, Dreissena bugensis, Procambarus fallax f. virginallis, Perccottus glenii with higher risk of invasion, ecological and socioeconomic impacts. Over 20.6% of the taxa in the preliminary black list received no votes (no prioritization) by experts, 17.8% in the innitial alert list. Our horizon scanning approach is inclusive of all-taxa, prioritizes both established and emerging biological threats across trans-national scales, and considers not only the ecological impact, but also potential direct economic consequences as well as the manageability of invasive species.This work received funds from the LIFE Programme (LIFE17 GIE/ES/000515)

Effectiveness of a strategy that uses educational games to implement clinical practice guidelines among Spanish residents of family and community medicine (e-EDUCAGUIA project):A clinical trial by clusters

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias FIS Grant Number PI11/0477 ISCIII.-REDISSEC Proyecto RD12/0001/0012 AND FEDER Funding.Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been developed with the aim of helping health professionals, patients, and caregivers make decisions about their health care, using the best available evidence. In many cases, incorporation of these recommendations into clinical practice also implies a need for changes in routine clinical practice. Using educational games as a strategy for implementing recommendations among health professionals has been demonstrated to be effective in some studies; however, evidence is still scarce. The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a teaching strategy for the implementation of CPGs using educational games (e-learning EDUCAGUIA) to improve knowledge and skills related to clinical decision-making by residents in family medicine. The primary objective will be evaluated at 1 and 6months after the intervention. The secondary objectives are to identify barriers and facilitators for the use of guidelines by residents of family medicine and to describe the educational strategies used by Spanish teaching units of family and community medicine to encourage implementation of CPGs. Methods/design: We propose a multicenter clinical trial with randomized allocation by clusters of family and community medicine teaching units in Spain. The sample size will be 394 residents (197 in each group), with the teaching units as the randomization unit and the residents comprising the analysis unit. For the intervention, both groups will receive an initial 1-h session on clinical practice guideline use and the usual dissemination strategy by e-mail. The intervention group (e-learning EDUCAGUIA) strategy will consist of educational games with hypothetical clinical scenarios in a virtual environment. The primary outcome will be the score obtained by the residents on evaluation questionnaires for each clinical practice guideline. Other included variables will be the sociodemographic and training variables of the residents and the teaching unit characteristics. The statistical analysis will consist of a descriptive analysis of variables and a baseline comparison of both groups. For the primary outcome analysis, an average score comparison of hypothetical scenario questionnaires between the EDUCAGUIA intervention group and the control group will be performed at 1 and 6months post-intervention, using 95% confidence intervals. A linear multilevel regression will be used to adjust the model. Discussion: The identification of effective teaching strategies will facilitate the incorporation of available knowledge into clinical practice that could eventually improve patient outcomes. The inclusion of information technologies as teaching tools permits greater learning autonomy and allows deeper instructor participation in the monitoring and supervision of residents. The long-term impact of this strategy is unknown; however, because it is aimed at professionals undergoing training and it addresses prevalent health problems, a small effect can be of great relevance. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02210442.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe