Distribución del agua en unidades de riego por goteo subsuperficial

Cada vez es mayor la superficie dedicada al riego por goteo subsuperficial dado que el agua requerida por los cultivos puede ser aplicada con menor dotación que con otros métodos, ya que se reduce la evaporación y también las pérdidas de agua y fertilizantes por filtración profunda. Una de las diferencias con el riego por goteo tradicional es que el desagüe del emisor puede ser afectado por las características hidrofísicas del suelo. En este trabajo se estudia el comportamiento de dos unidades de este método de riego, una con emisores no compensantes y otra con compensantes, colocadas en suelo franco. Se realizaron tres evaluaciones de campo, con riegos de más de 70 minutos, y se observó que el suelo afectaba al caudal de todos los ramales de riego en las dos unidades. En los primeros 10-15 minutos del riego se producía una disminución del caudal acusada y, posteriormente, más gradual. La reducción en la unidad compensante osciló entre el 5 al 15 %, y del 2 al 6 %.en la no compensante. El caudal de entrada fue muy similar entre los ramales de la unidad no compensante en cambio, tuvo mayor variación en la compensante. En ésta, se observó que los emisores todavía no habían alcanzado plena capacidad reguladora al final de la aplicación del agua por lo que no serían recomendables para este método de riego. La predicción de la distribución del agua se ha realizado con un programa de simulación específico para este método de riego considerando suelo uniforme y calibrando sus resultados con las medidas de los ramales tomadas en campo. Para caracterizar las propiedades hidrofísicas del suelo se consideraron valores representativos, dados por otros autores, para este tipo de suelo. El coeficiente de variación del caudal de la unidad no compensante fue buena (< 0,08) y los resultados del riego, considerando la lámina requerida del primer cuartil, fueron también buenos

Análisis de la percepción del profesorado sobre la conciencia del aprendizaje del alumnado en las actividades participativas

We find ourselves in a society in which learning has changed dramatically, due to various factors such as the improvement of educational technology, the pandemic caused by COVID-19 or the advancement of the knowledge society. That is why it is not only important to train students in the contents of the official curricula of each of the Autonomous Communities, but it is also necessary to seek for students to acquire a set of key skills, acquired in formal or non-formal contexts, that allows them to develop as people and can efficiently access the labor market. For this reason, a participatory didactic proposal was planned and designed to help acquire these key competencies. We ask ourselves the research question: Are the students aware of their learning when carrying out participatory activities? as a concern of our research group when developing the didactic proposal with a group of 1st year Secondary Education from the Vía Dalmacia Institute in the town of Torrejoncillo. Semi-structured interviews wereconducted with fourkeyinformants, who wereteachers who participated in the planning and development of the experience. A qualitative methodology was used with a phenomenological dilemma, based on content analysis. Among the results obtained, it stands out that the teachers preferentially think that the students are aware of their learning bycarrying out theactivities. In addition, the factors that improve this perception are having an active role, collaboration, interest and curiosity. On the other hand, among the factors that hinder students’ awareness of learning are immaturity and lack of self-perception. The didactic proposal carried out has helped to verify which are the factors in which the teaching staff should focus so that the students can be aware of the key competences they acquire.Nos encontramos en una sociedad en la que el aprendizaje ha cambiado vertiginosamente, debido a diversos factores como la mejora de la tecnología educativa, la pandemia provocada por el COVID-19 o el avance de la sociedad del conocimiento. Es por ello, que no solo es importante formar al alumnado en los contenidos de los currículos oficiales de cada una de las Comunidades Autónomas, sino que hay que buscar que el alumnado adquiera un conjunto de competencias clave, adquiridas en contextos formales o no formales, que les permita desarrollarse como personas y puedan acceder de forma eficiente al mercado laboral. Por ello, se planificó y diseñó una propuesta didáctica participativa, que ayude a la adquisición de estas competencias clave. Nos planteamos la pregunta de investigación: ¿El alumnado es consciente de su aprendizaje al realizar actividades participativas? como inquietud de nuestro grupo de investigación al desarrollar la propuesta didáctica con un grupo de 1º de Educación Secundaria del Instituto Vía Dalmacia de la población de Torrejoncillo. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a cuatro informantes clave, que fueron docentes que participaron en la planificación y desarrollo de la experiencia. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con un díselo fenomenológico, basado en el análisis de contenido. Entre los resultados obtenidos, se destaca que el profesorado piensa preferentemente que el alumnado es consciente de su aprendizaje con la realización de las actividades. Además, los factores que mejoran esta percepción son el tener un papel activo, la colaboración, el interés y la curiosidad. En cambio, entre los factores que dificultan la consciencia del aprendizaje en el alumnado son la inmadurez y la falta de auto-percepción. La propuesta didáctica realizada, ha ayudado a comprobar cuáles son los factores en los que el profesorado se debe focalizar para que el alumnado pueda ser consciente de las competencias clave que adquiere.

Simulation of soil wetting patterns in drip and sdi irrigation. Effects in design and irrigation management variables

Conventional drip irrigation is considered one of the most efficient irrigation systems. Alternatively to traditional surface drip irrigation systems (DI), laterals are deployed underneath the soil surface, as in subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), leading to a higher potential efficiency, which is of especial interest in places where water is a limited source. The design and management of DI and SDI systems involve selection of an appropriate combination of emitter discharge rate and spacing between emitters and the inlet pressure and irrigation time for any given set of soil, crop, and climatic conditions, as well as understanding the wetted zone pattern around the emitter. Likewise, water distribution is affected by soil hydraulic properties, initial water content, emitter discharge, irrigation frequency, evapotranspiration and root characteristics. However, complexity arousing of soil water properties and soil profile characteristics means that these are often not properly considered in the design and management of those systems. A better understanding of the infiltration process around the discharge point source should contribute to increase water use efficiency and thus to reduce the risk of environmental impact of irrigation. In this regard, numerical models have been proved to be a powerful tool to analyze the evolution of the wetting pattern during the distribution and redistribution processes, in order to explore irrigation management strategies, to set up the duration of irrigation, and finally to optimize water use efficiency. Also, irrigation design variables such as emitter spacing and discharge could also be assessed. In this study the suitability of the HYDRUS-2D to simulate infiltration process around an emitter during irrigation of a loamy soil with drip and SDI laterals has been addressed. The model was then applied in order to evaluate the main dimensions of the wetted soil volume surrounding the emitter during irrigation. Irrigation uniformity with DI and SDI laterals were determined by field evaluations at different inlet head pressures. Results were related with estimations made on water distribution within the soil that were simulated taking into account the emitter discharge at different lateral locations, initial soil water content, soil hydraulic properties and time of irrigation. Conclusions highlight the effect of emitter discharge, emitter spacing, and irrigation time on wetting patterns, and thus solute transport, in both drip and subsurface drip irrigation. The effect of emitter depth was also considered in SDI. Some recommendations for the design and management of these irrigation systems are also provided

Graph based study of allergen cross-reactivity of plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) using microarray in a multicenter study.

The study of cross-reactivity in allergy is key to both understanding. the allergic response of many patients and providing them with a rational treatment In the present study, protein microarrays and a co-sensitization graph approach were used in conjunction with an allergen microarray immunoassay. This enabled us to include a wide number of proteins and a large number of patients, and to study sensitization profiles among members of the LTP family. Fourteen LTPs from the most frequent plant food-induced allergies in the geographical area studied were printed into a microarray specifically designed for this research. 212 patients with fruit allergy and 117 food-tolerant pollen allergic subjects were recruited from seven regions of Spain with different pollen profiles, and their sera were tested with allergen microarray. This approach has proven itself to be a good tool to study cross-reactivity between members of LTP family, and could become a useful strategy to analyze other families of allergens

Non-motor symptom burden in patients with Parkinson's disease with impulse control disorders and compulsive behaviours: results from the COPPADIS cohort.

The study was aimed at analysing the frequency of impulse control disorders (ICDs) and compulsive behaviours (CBs) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and in control subjects (CS) as well as the relationship between ICDs/CBs and motor, nonmotor features and dopaminergic treatment in PD patients. Data came from COPPADIS-2015, an observational, descriptive, nationwide (Spain) study. We used the validated Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) for ICD/CB screening. The association between demographic data and ICDs/CBs was analyzed in both groups. In PD, this relationship was evaluated using clinical features and treatment-related data. As result, 613 PD patients (mean age 62.47 ± 9.09 years, 59.87% men) and 179 CS (mean age 60.84 ± 8.33 years, 47.48% men) were included. ICDs and CBs were more frequent in PD (ICDs 12.7% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001; CBs 7.18% vs. 1.67%, p = 0.01). PD patients had more frequent previous ICDs history, premorbid impulsive personality and antidepressant treatment (p < 0.05) compared with CS. In PD, patients with ICDs/CBs presented younger age at disease onset, more frequent history of previous ICDs and premorbid personality (p < 0.05), as well as higher comorbidity with nonmotor symptoms, including depression and poor quality of life. Treatment with dopamine agonists increased the risk of ICDs/CBs, being dose dependent (p < 0.05). As conclusions, ICDs and CBs were more frequent in patients with PD than in CS. More nonmotor symptoms were present in patients with PD who had ICDs/CBs compared with those without. Dopamine agonists have a prominent effect on ICDs/CBs, which could be influenced by dose

The Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration (SPIN) cohort : A data set for biomarker discovery and validation in neurodegenerative disorders

Altres ajuts: The SPIN cohort has received funding from CIBERNED; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; jointly funded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Unión Europea, "Una manera de hacer Europa"; Generalitat de Catalunya; Fundació "La Marató TV3" Fundació Bancària Obra Social La Caixa; Fundación BBVA; Fundación Española para el Fomento de la Investigación de la Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica (FUNDELA); Global Brain Health Institute; Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; and Fundació Víctor Grífols i Lucas. These funding sources had no role in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the article for publication.The SPIN (Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration) cohort is a multimodal biomarker platform designed for neurodegenerative disease research following an integrative approach. Participants of the SPIN cohort provide informed consent to donate blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples, receive detailed neurological and neuropsychological evaluations, and undergo a structural 3T brain MRI scan. A subset also undergoes other functional or imaging studies (video-polysomnogram, 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, amyloid PET, Tau PET). Participants are followed annually for a minimum of 4 years, with repeated cerebrospinal fluid collection and imaging studies performed every other year, and brain donation is encouraged. The integration of clinical, neuropsychological, genetic, biochemical, imaging, and neuropathological information and the harmonization of protocols under the same umbrella allows the discovery and validation of key biomarkers across several neurodegenerative diseases. We describe our particular 10-year experience and how different research projects were unified under an umbrella biomarker program, which might be of help to other research teams pursuing similar approaches

Intermediate Molecular Phenotypes to Identify Genetic Markers of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity Risk.

Cardiotoxicity due to anthracyclines (CDA) affects cancer patients, but we cannot predict who may suffer from this complication. CDA is a complex trait with a polygenic component that is mainly unidentified. We propose that levels of intermediate molecular phenotypes (IMPs) in the myocardium associated with histopathological damage could explain CDA susceptibility, so variants of genes encoding these IMPs could identify patients susceptible to this complication. Thus, a genetically heterogeneous cohort of mice (n = 165) generated by backcrossing were treated with doxorubicin and docetaxel. We quantified heart fibrosis using an Ariol slide scanner and intramyocardial levels of IMPs using multiplex bead arrays and QPCR. We identified quantitative trait loci linked to IMPs (ipQTLs) and cdaQTLs via linkage analysis. In three cancer patient cohorts, CDA was quantified using echocardiography or Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. CDA behaves as a complex trait in the mouse cohort. IMP levels in the myocardium were associated with CDA. ipQTLs integrated into genetic models with cdaQTLs account for more CDA phenotypic variation than that explained by cda-QTLs alone. Allelic forms of genes encoding IMPs associated with CDA in mice, including AKT1, MAPK14, MAPK8, STAT3, CAS3, and TP53, are genetic determinants of CDA in patients. Two genetic risk scores for pediatric patients (n = 71) and women with breast cancer (n = 420) were generated using machine-learning Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. Thus, IMPs associated with heart damage identify genetic markers of CDA risk, thereby allowing more personalized patient management.J.P.L.’s lab is sponsored by Grant PID2020-118527RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011039; Grant PDC2021-121735-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011039 and by the “European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR”, the Regional Government of Castile and León (CSI144P20). J.P.L. and P.L.S. are supported by the Carlos III Health Institute (PIE14/00066). AGN laboratory and human patients’ studies are supported by an ISCIII project grant (PI18/01242). The Human Genotyping unit is a member of CeGen, PRB3, and is supported by grant PT17/0019 of the PE I + D + i 2013–2016, funded by ISCIII and ERDF. SCLl is supported by MINECO/FEDER research grants (RTI2018-094130-B-100). CH was supported by the Department of Defense (DoD) BCRP, No. BC190820; and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), No. R01CA184476. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) is a multi-program national laboratory operated by the University of California for the DOE under contract DE AC02-05CH11231. The Proteomics Unit belongs to ProteoRed, PRB3-ISCIII, supported by grant PT17/0019/0023 of the PE I + D +i, 2017–2020, funded by ISCIII and FEDER. RCC is funded by fellowships from the Spanish Regional Government of Castile and León. NGS is a recipient of an FPU fellowship (MINECO/FEDER). hiPSC-CM studies were funded in part by the “la Caixa” Banking Foundation under the project code HR18-00304 and a Severo Ochoa CNIC Intramural Project (Exp. 12-2016 IGP) to J.J.S

Non-motor symptom burden in patients with Parkinson's disease with impulse control disorders and compulsive behaviours : results from the COPPADIS cohort

The study was aimed at analysing the frequency of impulse control disorders (ICDs) and compulsive behaviours (CBs) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and in control subjects (CS) as well as the relationship between ICDs/CBs and motor, nonmotor features and dopaminergic treatment in PD patients. Data came from COPPADIS-2015, an observational, descriptive, nationwide (Spain) study. We used the validated Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) for ICD/CB screening. The association between demographic data and ICDs/CBs was analyzed in both groups. In PD, this relationship was evaluated using clinical features and treatment-related data. As result, 613 PD patients (mean age 62.47 ± 9.09 years, 59.87% men) and 179 CS (mean age 60.84 ± 8.33 years, 47.48% men) were included. ICDs and CBs were more frequent in PD (ICDs 12.7% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001; CBs 7.18% vs. 1.67%, p = 0.01). PD patients had more frequent previous ICDs history, premorbid impulsive personality and antidepressant treatment (p < 0.05) compared with CS. In PD, patients with ICDs/CBs presented younger age at disease onset, more frequent history of previous ICDs and premorbid personality (p < 0.05), as well as higher comorbidity with nonmotor symptoms, including depression and poor quality of life. Treatment with dopamine agonists increased the risk of ICDs/CBs, being dose dependent (p < 0.05). As conclusions, ICDs and CBs were more frequent in patients with PD than in CS. More nonmotor symptoms were present in patients with PD who had ICDs/CBs compared with those without. Dopamine agonists have a prominent effect on ICDs/CBs, which could be influenced by dose

Graph based study of allergen cross-reactivity of plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) using microarray in a multicenter study.

The study of cross-reactivity in allergy is key to both understanding. the allergic response of many patients and providing them with a rational treatment In the present study, protein microarrays and a co-sensitization graph approach were used in conjunction with an allergen microarray immunoassay. This enabled us to include a wide number of proteins and a large number of patients, and to study sensitization profiles among members of the LTP family. Fourteen LTPs from the most frequent plant food-induced allergies in the geographical area studied were printed into a microarray specifically designed for this research. 212 patients with fruit allergy and 117 food-tolerant pollen allergic subjects were recruited from seven regions of Spain with different pollen profiles, and their sera were tested with allergen microarray. This approach has proven itself to be a good tool to study cross-reactivity between members of LTP family, and could become a useful strategy to analyze other families of allergens