Discourses and practices of radical democracy. The 15M movement as a space of mobilization

Social movements are builders of what are known as “grammars of democracy”, that is, val-ues, participatory experiences, political cultures, languages and structures for articulating demands. This article analyses the 15M or indignados (outraged) movement in Spain; a collective action that went be-yond classical protests in response to the economic crisis and proposed changes in democratic practices. Social movements, particularly from the 1990s onwards, have focused on democracy as both a means and an end in order to address what they perceive as authoritarian globalization. The article approaches 15M mainly as a space for mobilization articulating the heterogeneity of the movement as well as its effects in Spain (anti-eviction struggles, PAH, social tides, etc.) with a direct reference to the master frame of 'radical democracy'. Methodologically, this work is based upon interviews, focus groups and participant observa-tion conducted from May 2011 to June 2012 during the occupation of public squares and subsequent mo-bilizations. The text situates this phenomenon in the core of the New Global Movements, and connects it with a decade of similar collective actions in Spain and other parts of the world. Finally, aspects such as the role of the Internet as a tool for and driving force of new models of democracy and the scale of assemblies in relation to deliberative democracy are also discussed

Pedagogía y territorio: la experiencia de la Escuela de Derechos Humanos y ciudadanía en el Bajo Cauca Antioqueño

La Escuela de DDHH y Ciudadanía (EDHC), surge como respuesta a las exigencias de las comunidades campesinas en el paro agrario nacional desarrollado en el 2013 (Colombia), donde se visibilizaron territorios con sistemáticas violaciones a los Derechos Humanos, infracciones del Derecho Internacional Humanitario y la falta de diálogo entre Estado y ciudadanía. En este sentido, esta experiencia de formación, cobra especial importancia para el reconocimiento del conflicto, el conflicto armado, el contexto y la diversidad social en los territorios. bases para la construcción colectiva de Paz y de sociedad.The School of Human Rights and Citizenship (EDHC), appears as an answer to the demands of peasant communities during the national agricultural strike, which took place in Colombia in 2013. In it, it was evident to appreciate systematic violations of the Human Rights in the territory, infringement of the International Humanitarian Right and the lack of dialog between the State and the citizens. In this sense, this experience of training becomes important for the recognition of the conflict, the armed conflict, the context, and the social diversity in the territories, which are the foundations for the collective construction of Peace and society

Consejo Mayor Comunitario del Porce -AZA- (Antioquia) por la defensa del Territorio. Experiencia organizativa por la dignidad.

In the municipalities of Amalfi, Anori and Zaragoza in the department of Antioquia (Colombia), the Porce IV hydroelectric project has been developed since 2006, with preliminary studies by the Public Company of Medellín (EPM); In the development of the first stages of the project, communities were grouped together and constituted what today is the AZA Community Council (CMC), which facilitates a negotiation with EPM with social justice and dignity for all, where communities could Participate with proposals for negotiation on compensation issues and mainly the issue of compensation.En los municipios de Amalfi, Anori y Zaragoza del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia), se ha venido desarrollando el proyecto hidroeléctrico Porce IV, desde el 2006, con los estudios preliminares por parte de la Empresa Pública de Medellín (EPM); en el desarrollo de las primeras etapas del proyecto, las comunidades se agruparon y constituyeron lo que hoy es el Consejo Mayor Comunitario AZA (CMC), el cual, les facilitara una negociación con EPM con justicia social y dignidad para todos, donde las comunidades pudieran participar con propuestas para la negociación en los temas de indemnización y principalmente el tema de compensación

Consejo Mayor Comunitario del Porce -AZA- (Antioquia) por la defensa del territorio: experiencia organizativa por la dignidad

In the municipalities of Amalfi, Anori and Zaragoza in the department of Antioquia (Colombia), the Porce IV hydroelectric project has been developed since 2006, with preliminary studies by the Public Company of Medellín (EPM); In the development of the first stages of the project, communities were grouped together and constituted what today is the AZA Community Council (CMC), which facilitates a negotiation with EPM with social justice and dignity for all, where communities could Participate with proposals for negotiation on compensation issues and mainly the issue of compensation.En los municipios de Amalfi, Anori y Zaragoza del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia), se ha venido desarrollando el proyecto hidroeléctrico Porce IV, desde el 2006, con los estudios preliminares por parte de la Empresa Pública de Medellín (EPM); en el desarrollo de las primeras etapas del proyecto, las comunidades se agruparon y constituyeron lo que hoy es el Consejo Mayor Comunitario AZA (CMC), el cual, les facilitara una negociación con EPM con justicia social y dignidad para todos, donde las comunidades pudieran participar con propuestas para la negociación en los temas de indemnización y principalmente el tema de compensación

Ensemble of diluted attractor networks with optimized topology for fingerprint retrieval

The present study analyzes the retrieval capacity of an Ensemble of diluted Attractor Neural Networks for real patterns (i.e., non-random ones), as it is the case of human fingerprints. We explore the optimal number of Attractor Neural Networks in the ensemble to achieve a maximum fingerprint storage capacity. The retrieval performance of the ensemble is measured in terms of the network connectivity structure, by comparing 1D ring to 2D cross grid topologies for the random shortcuts ratio. Given the nature of the network ensemble and the different characteristics of patterns, an optimization can be carried out considering how the pattern subsets are assigned to the ensemble modules. The ensemble specialization splitting into several modules of attractor networks is explored with respect to the activities of patterns and also in terms of correlations of the subsets of patterns assigned to each module in the ensemble network.This work was funded by and UDLA-SIS.MGR.20.01. This research was also funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/FEDER, under the \RETOS" Programme, with grant numbers: TIN2017-84452-R and RTI2018-098019-B-I00; and by the CYTED Network \Ibero-American Thematic Network on ICT Applications for Smart Cities", grant number: 518RT0559

Fabrication and stress relief modelling of GaN based MEMS test structures grown by MBE on Si(111)

The fabrication of III-N MEMS test structures, such as cantilevers, beams and stress-pointers, and the modelling of their deformation due to residual stress relief, is presented. GaN and AlGaN/GaN structures were fabricated, either with one end and both ends clamped to the Si substrate (asymmetrical and symmetrical mechanical boundary conditions, respectively). The residual stress in the III-N layer was measured by photoluminescence and X-ray diffraction, and the stress relief induced deformation was analysed by a finite element method model. The deformations of the MEMS structures were used to calculate both the residual strains and the Young’s modulus of the material. One-end-clamped structures suffer from large deformations due to the uneven stress relaxation. During micromachining, the relaxation induces large upward buckling, as measured for fabricated devices and fitted by the FEM model. Two-end-clamped structures were also studied using different topologies and under-etching lengths of the clamped region. It is concluded that the deformation of such structures may be reduced with symmetrical mechanical boundary conditions and a small under-etched clamping region compared to the device dimensions

A Deep Learning-Based System (Microscan) for the Identification of Pollen Development Stages and Its Application to Obtaining Doubled Haploid Lines in Eggplant

[EN] The development of double haploids (DHs) is a straightforward path for obtaining pure lines but has multiple bottlenecks. Among them is the determination of the optimal stage of pollen induction for androgenesis. In this work, we developed Microscan, a deep learning-based system for the detection and recognition of the stages of pollen development. In a first experiment, the algorithm was developed adapting the RetinaNet predictive model using microspores of different eggplant accessions as samples. A mean average precision of 86.30% was obtained. In a second experiment, the anther range to be cultivated in vitro was determined in three eggplant genotypes by applying the Microscan system. Subsequently, they were cultivated following two different androgenesis protocols (Cb and E6). The response was only observed in the anther size range predicted by Microscan, obtaining the best results with the E6 protocol. The plants obtained were characterized by flow cytometry and with the Single Primer Enrichment Technology high-throughput genotyping platform, obtaining a high rate of confirmed haploid and double haploid plants. Microscan has been revealed as a tool for the high-throughput efficient analysis of microspore samples, as it has been exemplified in eggplant by providing an increase in the yield of DHs production.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigacion and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (grant RTI-2018-094592-B-I00 from MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). This work was also undertaken as part of the initiative "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives", which is supported by the Government of Norway. The project is managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and implemented in partnership with national and international gene banks and plant breeding institutes around the world. For further information, see the project website: http://www.cwrdiversity.org/.The Spanish Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte funded a predoctoral fellowship granted to Edgar Garcia-Fortea (FPU17/02389).García-Fortea, E.; García-Pérez, A.; Gimeno -Páez, E.; Sánchez-Gimeno, A.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; Prohens Tomás, J.; Pastor-Calle, D. (2020). A Deep Learning-Based System (Microscan) for the Identification of Pollen Development Stages and Its Application to Obtaining Doubled Haploid Lines in Eggplant. Biology. 9(9):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9090272S11999Prohens, J., Gramazio, P., Plazas, M., Dempewolf, H., Kilian, B., Díez, M. J., … Vilanova, S. (2017). 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Polyphenol composition and in vitro antiproliferative effect of corm, tepal and leaf from Crocus sativus L. on human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2)

25 Páginas, 3 Figuras, 3 TablasSaffron is cultivated for production of the saffron spice. Nevertheless, a huge amount of saffron by-products including corms, tepals and leaves with little or no commercial value are generated during the processing of the spice. This biomass contains bioactive compounds whose exploitation can increase the profitability and sustainability of this traditional crop. A significant amount of polyphenols, mainly glycosides of kaempferol, luteolin and quercetin, have been determined in tepals and leaves of saffron. Proliferation of Caco-2 cells was greatly inhibited by the tepal and leaf extracts (ED50 0.42 mg/ml), while the corm extract caused some signs of toxicity and completely abolished proliferation (ED50 0.05 mg/ml). To our knowledge, these are the first data reporting the inhibition of the proliferation of Caco-2 cells by extracts from tepals and leaves of saffron, and polyphenols could be responsible for this effect.This work has been supported by the grant RTA2013-00005-00-00 (INIA, Spain) and is part of a Short Term Scientific Mission (STSM) carried out in the Agricultural University of Athens (AUA) and supported by the grant COST ActionFA1101 (http://www.saffronomics.org). We are grateful to the European Social Fund, Fundación Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Castilla-La Mancha and Junta de Andalucía for additional financing.Peer reviewe

Innovative education networking aimed at multimedia tools for geometrical optics learning

We present a purposeful initiative to open new grounds for teaching Geometrical Optics. It is based on the creation of an innovative education networking involving academic staff from three Spanish universities linked together around Optics. Nowadays, students demand online resources such as innovative multimedia tools for complementing the understanding of their studies. Geometrical Optics relies on basics of light phenomena like reflection and refraction and the use of simple optical elements such as mirrors, prisms, lenses, and fibers. The mathematical treatment is simple and the equations are not too complicated. But from our long time experience in teaching to undergraduate students, we realize that important concepts are missed by these students because they do not work ray tracing as they should do. Moreover, Geometrical Optics laboratory is crucial by providing many short Optics experiments and thus stimulating students interest in the study of such a topic. Multimedia applications help teachers to cover those student demands. In that sense, our educational networking shares and develops online materials based on 1) video-tutorials of laboratory experiences and of ray tracing exercises, 2) different online platforms for student self-examinations and 3) computer assisted geometrical optics exercises. That will result in interesting educational synergies and promote student autonomy for learning Optics.This work was supported by the Vicerectorat de Polítiques de Formació i Qualitat Educativa de la Universitat de València (Project UV-SFPIE_DOCE14-222505)

Acuerdos entre las FARC-EP y el gobierno de Colombia: política de Desarrollo Agrario Integral - Reforma Rural Integral (RRI)

The agreement between the insurgency of the FARC-EP and the Colombian government includes, as part of the broad agreement of Peace, in its agreement one of the central axes of the entire negotiation, to recognize the fundamental role of the peasant, family and community economy In the development of the field, the promotion of different forms of partnership and cooperativism, the generation of income and employment, the dignification and formalization of work, access to sufficient quantity and quality of food, priority promotion of production, public services, access to land by the poorest peasant families, preservation of the environment, protection of multi-ethnic and multicultural wealth to contribute to the knowledge, organization of life, economy, production and to the relationship with nature.Lo acordado entre la insurgencia de las FARC-EP y el Gobierno de Colombia, incluye como parte del amplio acuerdo de Paz, en su acuerdo uno de los ejes centrales de toda la negociación, reconocer el papel fundamental de la economía campesina, familiar y comunitaria en el desarrollo del campo, la promoción de diferentes formas de asociación solidaria y cooperativismo, la generación de ingresos y empleo, la dignificación y formalización del trabajo, el acceso de alimentos suficientes en cantidad y calidad promoviendo prioritariamente la producción, la provisión de bienes y servicios públicos, el acceso a tierras por parte de las familias campesinas más pobres, la preservación del medio ambiente, protección de la riqueza pluriétnica y multicultural para que contribuya al conocimiento, a la organización de la vida, a la economía, a la producción y al relacionamiento con la naturaleza