Gestión jurídica del riesgo financiero por parte de las entidades bancarias en Colombia y la injerencia en la crisis financiera mundial de 2008

En Colombia la gestión jurídica de riesgos financieros se ha regulado a través de Circulares Externas de la Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia en las cuales se ha plasmado la forma adecuada de administrar los riesgos de Crédito, de Mercado, de Liquidez, Operativos y de Lavado de Activos y de la Financiación del terrorismo. El presente proyecto de grado tiene como objetivo analizar los importantes avances normativos de dichas circulares que han desarrollado lo sostenido por convenios internacionales como Basilea I y Basilea II. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior se estudian dichas normas jurídicas en relación con los fenómenos jurídicos y económicos que desencadenaron en la Crisis financiera mundial de 2008, relacionándola con las crisis financieras colombianas de 1982 y 1999, y haciendo una aproximación del marco jurídico financiero del país, con especial énfasis en la reciente ley 1328 de 2009.In Colombia, Financial Risk Management has been developed by the External Circular Letters issued by the Colombian Financial Superintendence, which had expressed the correct way to manage risk types such as credit, market, liquidity, operational, and money laundering and terrorism financing. This document s objective is to analyze the important normative advancements of those letters that have reflected the main subjects of the international agreements of Basel I and Basel II. In fact, those regulations have been studied side by side with the principal causes that broke out with the world financial crisis of 2008, relating it to the Colombian Financial breakdowns of 1982 and 1999, and making a major study of the Colombian framework of financial law, with emphasis on recent law 1328 of 2009.Abogado (a)Pregrad

Role of entrepreneurship education in the university context from studies registered in Scopus

Las comunidades universitarias han realizado sinnúmero de investigaciones de los fenómenos que enmarcan educación emprendedora, sin lograr aun un consenso que permita trazar líneas de ruta en investigaciones futuras. Es por lo anterior que este artículo de revisión tiene por objetivo analizar las tendencias investigativas sobre el papel de la educación emprendedora en un periodo de 15 años (1999 al 2014), a través de un análisis bibliométrico de la producción investigativa registrada en Scopus, así, presentar una conceptualización de la terminología más relevante en el tema de emprendimiento y, finalmente, discutir los hallazgos de los estudios hasta ahora adelantados, de tal manera que sea posible visualizar líneas investigativas a futuro en esta temática.The university communities have carried out countless investigations of the phenomena that frame entrepreneurial education; without achieving even a consensus that allows to draw lines of route in future investigations. It is for the above that this review article has as purpose to analyze the investigative tendencies on the role of the entrepreneurial education in a period of 15 years (1999 to 2014) through a bibliometric analysis of the research production registered in Scopus, in order to present a conceptualization of the most relevant terminology in the topic of entrepreneurship and finally discuss the findings of studies, so far advanced. In such a way that it is possible to visualize future research lines in this area

Handy Can.

El proyecto versa sobre un producto novedoso llamado “Handy Can”, un kit para uso doméstico que permite mitigar la contaminación ambiental, proteger la salud de los propietarios de mascotas al momento de manipular desechos biológicos producidos por las mismas, mantener la higiene en espacios públicos y facilitar la clasificación de los residuos de acuerdo con su disposición final

Handy Can.

El proyecto versa sobre un producto novedoso llamado “Handy Can”, un kit para uso doméstico que permite mitigar la contaminación ambiental, proteger la salud de los propietarios de mascotas al momento de manipular desechos biológicos producidos por las mismas, mantener la higiene en espacios públicos y facilitar la clasificación de los residuos de acuerdo con su disposición final

Molecular analysis of menadione-induced resistance against biotic stress in Arabidopsis

19 páginas, 6 figuras, 2 tablas.Menadione sodium bisulphite (MSB) is a water-soluble derivative of vitamin K3, or menadione, and has been previously demonstrated to function as a plant defence activator against several pathogens in several plant species. However, there are no reports of the role of this vitamin in the induction of resistance in the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana. In the current study, we demonstrate that MSB induces resistance by priming in Arabidopsis against the virulent strain Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pto) without inducing necrosis or visible damage. Changes in gene expression in response to 0.2 mm MSB were analysed in Arabidopsis at 3, 6 and 24 h post-treatment using microarray technology. In general, the treatment with MSB does not correlate with other publicly available data, thus MSB produces a unique molecular footprint. We observed 158 differentially regulated genes among all the possible trends. More up-regulated genes are included in categories such as 'response to stress' than the background, and the behaviour of these genes in different treatments confirms their role in response to biotic and abiotic stress. In addition, there is an over-representation of the G-box in their promoters. Some interesting functions are represented among the individual up-regulated genes, such as glutathione S-transferases, transcription factors (including putative regulators of the G-box) and cytochrome P450s. This work provides a wide insight into the molecular cues underlying the effect of MSB as a plant resistance inducer.This work was partially funded by an INVESCAN, S.L. grant (No.OTT2001438) to the CSIC and by a BIO2006-02168 grant of MICINN to PT. The microarrays were funded in part by the “Genome España” Foundation. MER was supported by a research contract (ID-TF-06/002) from the Consejería de Industria, Comercio y Nuevas Tecnologías (Gobierno de Canarias). The authors thank CajaCanarias for their research support. We also thank Lorena Perales for her help in performing the bacterial growth curves, Dr. Héctor Cabrera for his useful advice on writing the manuscript, the English translation service of the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia and Mrs. Pauline Agnew whose endeavoured to edit the English translation of this paper.Peer reviewe

Epidermal Barrier Function and Skin Homeostasis in Atopic Dermatitis: The Impact of Age

We would like to thank all the individuals who generously shared their time to participate in this research. The results of this study are part of the PhD work of Trinidad Montero-Vilchez.Skin is damaged in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Age is also believed to have a negative effect on epidermal barrier function. The aim of this study was to investigate skin barrier function changes with age in AD patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted including 162 participants, 81 AD patients and 81 healthy volunteers. Skin barrier function parameters, such as transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema, temperature, stratum corneum hydration (SCH), pH, and elasticity, were evaluated. Healthy volunteers were evaluated on the volar forearm. AD patients were measured on two regions: on an eczematous lesion on the volar forearm and on a non-involved area 5 cm from the affected area. TEWL was lower on healthy skin than uninvolved AD skin (9.98 vs. 25.51 g center dot m(-2)center dot h(-1), p < 0.001) and AD eczematous lesions (9.98 vs. 28.38 g center dot m(-2)center dot h(-1), p < 0.001). SCH was lower on AD eczematous lesions than uninvolved AD skin (24.23 vs. 39.36 AU, p < 0.001) and healthy skin (24.23 vs. 44.36 AU, p < 0.001). Elasticity was lower on AD eczematous lesions than uninvolved AD skin (0.69 vs. 0.74, p = 0.038) and healthy skin (0.69 vs. 0.77, p = 0.014). A negative correlation was found between age and elasticity in all the population (r = -0.383, p < 0.001). This correlation was stronger in AD patients (r = -0.494, p < 0.001) than in controls (r = -0.266, p = 0.092). After conducting a linear regression model in AD patients adjusted by age, sex, and SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), it was found that elasticity was impaired by an increasing age (beta = -0.004, p < 0.001) and a higher SCORAD (beta = -0.003, p < 0.001). The skin barrier function is impaired by age and AD, reflected mainly in poor elasticity values in older AD patients

Three Decades of progress in Artificial Insemination in Rabbit Farming: a Review

[EN] The commercial use of artificial insemination (AI) in rabbit farming is relatively recent, especially when compared to other species such as cattle or swine, in which AI has been used for more than 60 years. The large-scale use of AI in rabbit farming dates back to the late 80s. However, despite its short journey, it has not stopped evolving. Although there have been numerous changes, in this review article we aim to highlight two important milestones in optimisation of this technique: the introduction of biostimulation and the addition of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues to the seminal dose to induce ovulation. In the former case, by means of different methods of biostimulation, such as feed and light flushing and/or separation of the litter in the days prior to AI, the use of hormones to synchronise heat with the moment of AI was practically eliminated. Nowadays, the possibility of using pheromones with the same objective is under research, even to increase ovulation rate or improve semen production. Although there are pheromones on the market labelled for use in other species, in the case of rabbit the knowledge of them is limited. Nevertheless, given the verified effects that pheromones produce in other animals, expectations are high. In the latter case, after several attempts by using other methods, the technique commonly used to induce ovulation was the intramuscular administration of GnRH or its synthetic analogues. However, in recent years, it has been proven that administration of GnRH through the vagina is possible, added to the seminal dose, which offers numerous advantages regarding health, animal welfare and the workforce needed. Recently, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved this practice, so in the near future it will probably become the most widely used method. Even so, there is still room for improvement, as the dosage of GnRH needed is higher than the one administered intramuscularly. Research on this topic allows us to predict that this problem should be solved in the coming years. Other alternatives such as the ?-Nerve Growth Factor need further research to become a feasible option.The study was supported by the Xunta de Galicia (Plan Gallego de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Proyectos Ref. 1999/CG321; Ref. 2000/CG3452) and the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica, Técnica y de Innovación, Proyecto Ref. PID2021-127814OB-I00). The co-authors Yáñez U. and Villamayor P. were funded by Xunta de Galicia (Predoctoral Contract Ref. 2020/122 and ED481A-2020/491430 respectively). We also thank COGAL SL (Pontevedra, Spain) for providing the facilities and animals used in this study, as well as technical support.Quintela Arias, LÁ.; Becerra González, JJ.; Peña Martínez, AI.; Yáñez Ramíl, U.; Rodríguez Villamayor, PR.; Sánchez-Quinteiro, P.; Martínez Portela, P.... (2023). Three Decades of progress in Artificial Insemination in Rabbit Farming: a Review. World Rabbit Science. 31(2):93-107. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2023.186619310731

Infraestructuras para gestión de información de una SmartCity

JARCA 2015: Actas de las XVII Jornadas de ARCA: Sistemas Cualitativos y sus Aplicaciones en Diagnosis, Robótica, Inteligencia Ambiental y Ciudades Inteligentes = Proceedings of the XVII ARCA Days: Qualitative Systems and its Applications in Diagnose Robotics, Ambient Intelligence and Smart Cities, Vinaros (Valencia), 23 al 27 de Junio de 2015.En este trabajo se describe la infraestructura propuesta en el proyecto Nacional Hermes en el que se plantea un modelo de transición para llegar a crear ciudades inteligentes sin necesidad de grandes inversiones en infraestructuras.Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por el proyecto del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad HERMES (TIN2013-46801-C4-1-r) y los proyectos de excelencia de la Junta de Andalucía Simon (P11-TIC-8052) y Context-Learning (P11-TIC-7124

Next-generation sequencing in bone marrow failure syndromes and isolated cytopenias: experience of the spanish network on bone marrow failure sundromes

© 2021 the Author(s).Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs) are a group of congenital rare diseases characterized by bone marrow failure, congenital anomalies, high genetic heterogeneity, and predisposition to cancer. Appropriate treatment and cancer surveillance ideally depend on the identification of the mutated gene. A next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel of genes could be 1 initial genetic screening test to be carried out in a comprehensive study of IBMFSs, allowing molecular detection in affected patients. We designed 2 NGS panels of IBMFS genes: version 1 included 129 genes and version 2 involved 145 genes. The cohort included a total of 204 patients with suspected IBMFSs without molecular diagnosis. Capture-based targeted sequencing covered > 99% of the target regions of 145 genes, with more than 20 independent reads. No differences were seen between the 2 versions of the panel. The NGS tool allowed a total of 91 patients to be diagnosed, with an overall molecular diagnostic rate of 44%. Among the 167 patients with classified IBMFSs, 81 patients (48%) were diagnosed. Unclassified IBMFSs involved a total of 37 patients, of whom 9 patients (24%) were diagnosed. The preexisting diagnosis of 6 clinically classified patients (6%) was amended, implying a change of therapy for some of them. Our NGS IBMFS gene panel assay is a useful tool in the molecular diagnosis of IBMFSs and a reasonable option as the first tier genetic test in these disorders

Next-generation Sequencing in Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes and Isolated Cytopenias : Experience of the Spanish Network on Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes

Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs) are a group of congenital rare diseases characterized by bone marrow failure, congenital anomalies, high genetic heterogeneity, and predisposition to cancer. Appropriate treatment and cancer surveillance ideally depend on the identification of the mutated gene. A next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel of genes could be 1 initial genetic screening test to be carried out in a comprehensive study of IBMFSs, allowing molecular detection in affected patients. We designed 2 NGS panels of IBMFS genes: version 1 included 129 genes and version 2 involved 145 genes. The cohort included a total of 204 patients with suspected IBMFSs without molecular diagnosis. Capture-based targeted sequencing covered > 99% of the target regions of 145 genes, with more than 20 independent reads. No differences were seen between the 2 versions of the panel. The NGS tool allowed a total of 91 patients to be diagnosed, with an overall molecular diagnostic rate of 44%. Among the 167 patients with classified IBMFSs, 81 patients (48%) were diagnosed. Unclassified IBMFSs involved a total of 37 patients, of whom 9 patients (24%) were diagnosed. The preexisting diagnosis of 6 clinically classified patients (6%) was amended, implying a change of therapy for some of them. Our NGS IBMFS gene panel assay is a useful tool in the molecular diagnosis of IBMFSs and a reasonable option as the first tier genetic test in these disorders