Estudio de las variaciones mineralógicas y morfológicas en cenizas volantes provocadas por fenómenos de lixiviación

In this study, three Fly Ashes (FA) from Spanish Power Plants with CaO contents between 2-30% in weight were examined. They were leached using a variation on EPA-EP leaching test, checking the influence of the leaching process on FA. Leaches were analyzed by ICP. XRD and SEM-EDX technique were used to analyze the leached FA. The study carried out was mainly centered in following the evolution of the most soluble elements and the formation of new secondary crystalline phases. The relationship between dissolution pH and the percentage of the extracted element was also confirmed.La investigación se realiza en tres cenizas volantes españolas con contenidos de CaO entre 2-30% en peso. Para observar el proceso de lixiviación en estos subproductos industriales se lleva a cabo un ensayo similar al descrito por la EPA-EP. Las aguas lixiviadas se analizan por la técnica ICP, mientras que los residuos se caracterizan por difracción de rayos X y SEM-EDX. El estudio se centra en el seguimiento de los elementos más solubles, según la metodología aplicada, y en la formación de nuevas fases cristalinas secundarias. Además, se confirma la relación existente entre el pH de la disolución y el porcentaje de elemento extraído

Conocimiento sobre resolución de problemas de maestros de educación primaria en Portugal

Los conocimientos de los maestros juegan un papel importante en la calidad de la instrucción (Hill et al., 2008). Varios estudios han mostrado que el conocimiento de los maestros (ver una revisión en Ribeiro et al., 2014) sobre resolución de problemas es coherente con lo que ocurre en las aulas al resolver problemas (Ramos et al., 2013). Sin embargo, se sabe menos acerca de los conocimientos sobre resolución de problemas de maestros de países como Portugal. Por ello, en este trabajo se pretende analizar si una muestra de maestros de educación primaria de Portugal reconoce tanto la utilidad de la información situacional y matemática añadida a los problemas, como el énfasis en el razonamiento en el modelo de resolución propuesto y en la interacción profesor-alumnos

Lipid remodelling is a widespread strategy in marine heterotrophic bacteria upon phosphorus deficiency

Sebastián, Marta ... et al.-- 11 pages, 5 figures, supplementary Information http://www.nature.com/ismej/journal/v10/n4/suppinfo/ismej2015172s1.htmlUpon phosphorus (P) deficiency, marine phytoplankton reduce their requirements for P by replacing membrane phospholipids with alternative non-phosphorus lipids. It was very recently demonstrated that a SAR11 isolate also shares this capability when phosphate starved in culture. Yet, the extent to which this process occurs in other marine heterotrophic bacteria and in the natural environment is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the substitution of membrane phospholipids for a variety of non-phosphorus lipids is a conserved response to P deficiency among phylogenetically diverse marine heterotrophic bacteria, including members of the Alphaproteobacteria and Flavobacteria. By deletion mutagenesis and complementation in the model marine bacterium Phaeobacter sp. MED193 and heterologous expression in recombinant Escherichia coli, we confirm the roles of a phospholipase C (PlcP) and a glycosyltransferase in lipid remodelling. Analyses of the Global Ocean Sampling and Tara Oceans metagenome data sets demonstrate that PlcP is particularly abundant in areas characterized by low phosphate concentrations. Furthermore, we show that lipid remodelling occurs seasonally and responds to changing nutrient conditions in natural microbial communities from the Mediterranean Sea. Together, our results point to the key role of lipid substitution as an adaptive strategy enabling heterotrophic bacteria to thrive in the vast P-depleted areas of the oceanThis work was partially supported by grants STORM (CTM2009-09352/MAR), MALASPINA (CSD2008-00077), HOTMIX (CTM2011-30010/MAR), DOREMI (CTM2012-34294) and EcoBGM (CTM2013-48292-C3-3-R) funded by the Spanish Government, GAČR project GA13-11281S and MESOAQUA (228224) funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) and by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), UK (NE/M002233/1)Peer Reviewe

Estudio sobre las propiedades del árido reciclado mixto para la fabricación de hormigón no estructural

El objetivo principal de este trabajo de investigación es estudiar las posibilidades de utilización del árido reciclado mixto para la fabricación de hormigón reciclado en aplicaciones no estructurales. Para llevar a cabo esta tarea, se ha realizado primero un estudio bibliográfico extenso para conocer el estado actual del conocimiento sobre las propiedades del árido reciclado mixto y la normativa internacional asociada. En una segunda parte, se ha realizado la caracterización completa de ocho áridos reciclados mixtos gruesos de distinta calidad, procedentes de tres plantas de tratamiento diferentes, comparándose con las tendencias obtenidas en el estudio bibliográfico. En particular, se ha analizado la composición, la densidad y absorción, la granulometría, el coeficiente de Los Ángeles, el índice de lajas, el contenido de finos, las partículas ligeras y el contenido de sulfatos. Se estudian también las correlaciones que existen entre las diferentes propiedades, con el fin de encontrar criterios de calidad de un árido reciclado mixto para un hormigón reciclado no estructural. A raíz de este estudio experimental, se han determinado las propiedades más restrictivas en el empleo de un árido reciclado mixto, siendo éstas el elevado contenido de sulfatos y la elevada absorción

La variación concepcional en Twitter: análisis a partir del modelo de Koch y Oesterreicher

This contribution analyses the conceptional variation in Twitter communication based on the parameters described in Koch and Oesterreicher’s model ([1990] 2007). After outlining the foundations of variational linguistics and the position of conceptional variation within the chain of varieties, and after reviewing the presence of this model in studies of computer-mediated communication, the conceptional characteristics of Twitter communication are presented. The analysis focuses especially on the parameters of public/private communication, emotionality, referentiality and dialogicity, in which it is necessary to specify the distinctive characteristics of communication in social networks as opposed to prototypically immediate communication such as oral conversation.Este artículo analiza la variación concepcional que presenta la comunicación en Twitter a partir de los parámetros descritos en el modelo de Koch/Oesterreicher ([1990] 2007). Tras exponer los fundamentos de la lingüística de las variedades y la posición que tiene la variación concepcional dentro de la cadena de variedades y tras revisar la presencia que ha tenido este modelo en los estudios de comunicación mediada por ordenador, se exponen las características concepcionales de la comunicación en Twitter. El análisis se centra especialmente en los parámetros comunicación pública/privada, familiaridad, referencialización y dialogicidad, en los que es necesario matizar las características distintivas de la comunicación en redes sociales frente a una comunicación prototípicamente inmediata como la conversación oral

Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis, Krøyer) from EU-Spain Bottom Trawl Survey 2018 in NAFO Div. 3LNO

The Spanish Institute of Oceanography carried out in 2018 two bottom trawl surveys in the NAFO Regulatory Area in Division 3NO and 3L during the months of June and August respectively. The results on Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) are presented and compared with those from previous surveys from the same series. As recent years in 2018the shrimp catch (0.528 kg.) and estimated biomass (2.413 t.) in Divisions 3NO remain between the lowest of the series, confirming the decrease of shrimp importance from 2004. The Northern shrimp catches in 3L Division have declined from 2009, the shrimp catch (1352 kg.) and biomass estimated in 2018 (7807 t.) remain between the lowest values in the historical series

When invasion biology meets taxonomy: Clavelina oblonga (Ascidiacea) is an old invader in the Mediterranean Sea

Taxonomic issues often confound the study of invasive species, which sometimes are unrecognized as introduced in newly colonized areas. Clavelina oblonga Herdman, 1880 is an abundant ascidian species along the southeastern coast of the United States and the Caribbean Sea. It was introduced into the eastern Atlantic and Brazil decades ago. In the Mediterranean Sea, a similar species had been described as C. phlegraea Salfi 1929 and reported from southern Italy and Corsica. In the last few years a species of Clavelina has proliferated in the embayments of the Ebro Delta (NW Mediterranean), a zone of active bivalve culture industry where it has smothered mussel spat, leading to economic loss. We here report the morphological and genetic identity of this species, synonymizing the Atlantic C. oblonga and the Mediterranean C. phlegraea (the latter therefore is a synonym of the former). Thus, C. oblonga has existed in the Mediterranean for over 80 years, but was known under a different name. We also found this species in natural habitats in the Iberian Atlantic coast close to the Strait of Gibraltar, raising concerns about an ongoing expansion. In order to obtain information relevant for management, we monitored growth, reproductive cycles and settlement patterns of this ascidian on bivalve cultures in the Ebro Delta. Its biological cycles were markedly seasonal, with peak abundance and reproduction during the warmest months, followed by regression during the cold season. The settlement period was short, mostly concentrated in a single month each year. Avoidance of mussel and oyster seeding during late summer and early autumn can readily reduce the damage caused by this species

Spongionella secondary metabolites protect mitochondrial function in cortical neurons against oxidative stress

Accepted: 8 January 2014 This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Acknowledgments The research leading to these results has received funding from the following FEDER cofunded-grants: From Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Spain: AGL2009-13581-CO2-01, AGL2012-40485-CO2-01. From Xunta de Galicia, Spain: 10PXIB261254 PR. From the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme managed by REA—Research Executive Agency (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement Nos. 265896 BAMMBO, 265409 µAQUA, and 262649 BEADS, 315285 CIGUATOOLS and 312184 PHARMASEA. From the Atlantic Area Programme (Interreg IVB Trans-national): 2009-1/117 Pharmatlantic. MER thanks the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt for a PhD Scholarship. MJ thanks the Scottish University Life Science Alliance which provided funding to set up the compound library.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Seasonal patterns of settlement and growth of introduced and native ascidians in bivalve cultures in the Ebro Delta (NE Iberian Peninsula)

Ascidians are important both as invasive species and as a fouling group in artificial marine habitats, causing negative impacts in aquaculture settings and the surrounding environment. The Ebro Delta is one of the major centres of bivalve production in the Mediterranean and is affected by proliferation of ascidian species (mostly introduced forms). Knowledge of the patterns of settlement and growth of the fouling species is mandatory to attempt mitigation measures. Settlement PVC plates were deployed from May to September 2015 at different depths (0.2, 1 and 2 m) in the Ebro Delta oyster aquaculture facilities. The occurrences of all species and the area cover of a selected subset of 6 species were monitored on a monthly basis from June 2015 to December 2016. Fifteen species were found, of which 10 are introduced. There were some differences between the deployed plates and the oyster ropes in species abundance and composition, likely due to differences in substrate complexity. For instance, Didemnum vexillum and Clavelina oblonga occurred in few plates in contrast to their abundance on oysters. The most abundant species were Styela plicata and Clavelina lepadiformis, which together with Ecteinascidia turbinata showed a preference to grow on plates deployed in May and June. Most of the species grew more at 0.2 m depth than at deeper plates. Thus, to minimise fouling on bivalves, spat immersion during fall and below 1 m depth is recommended. The number of occurrences and cover of the species was found to be similarly informative; suggesting that a periodic monitoring of species occurrence on replicate plates is sufficient for detecting new introduced species as soon as possible and will provide information useful for management