Casiano Alguacil y la fotografía monumental

El nacimiento de la fotografía llegó en un momento en el que en Europa se debatía sobre cuál era la mejor forma de construir y de recuperar un pasado arquitectónico en vías de desaparición, y esto hizo que los avances en arquitectura y la fotografía fueran de la mano desde el siglo XIX: la arquitectura era una de las temáticas más reproducidas por el nuevo arte y, a su vez, la fotografía era una herramienta muy útil para los arquitectos. Fueron muchos los profesionales que realizaron fotografía de arquitectura en la España de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, pero centraremos la atención en Casiano Alguacil Blázquez (1832-1914), uno de los pocos fotógrafos autóctonos que dedicó la mayor parte de su producción a la fotografía monumental y, particularmente, a la fotografía de arquitectura. Se interesó por recoger los monumentos más representativos de los lugares que visitó, ya fueran edificios civiles o religiosos, vistas interiores o exteriores, de conjunto o pequeños detalles. Toda la arquitectura resultaba interesante para la cámara del toledano pero, no sabemos si de manera interesada o no, buscó imágenes con un matiz diferente, y es que en multitud de ocasiones captó con su cámara edificios “en transformación”: grandes restauraciones, obras y remodelaciones menores o, incluso, edificios de nueva construcción. Esta peculiaridad hace que su producción adquiera un importante valor patrimonial, especialmente en nuestros días. La fotografía de Alguacil, por tanto, actúa como constructora de historia, de una historia de evolución arquitectónica y restauración monumental a la que asistió nuestro país en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX.The birth of photography came to light when Europe was debating about the best way to recover a disappearing architectural past, and this made that advances in architecture and photography were hand in hand since the nineteenth century: architecture was one of the most represented themes by the new art and photography was a very useful tool for architects. There were many professionals who produced architectural photography in Spain in the second half of the nineteenth century, but we will focus on Casiano Alguacil Blázquez (1832-1914), one of the few native photographers who devoted most of its production to monumental photography and, particularly, to architectural photography. He became interested in keeping a record of the most representative monuments of the places he visited, whether civil or religious buildings, exterior or interior views, of the whole or just the details. All architecture was appealing to Toledo’s artist camera but he searched for images from a different perspective. Many times his camera captured buildings “in transformation”: minor remodeling, major restoration works or even new constructions. This peculiarity makes its production acquire a significant heritage value, especially today. Therefore, Alguacil’s photography acts as a builder of history: a history of evolution and monumental architectural restoration that our country witnessed in the second half of the nineteenth century

Cavernous hemangioma of the parotid gland in adults

Hemangiomas account for 0.4-0.6% of all tumors of the parotid gland and most of them occur in children, never - theless in adults hemangiomas are very rare. We report the case of a 62 year old woman with a mass in the parotid right tail associated with fluctuating swelling episodes unrelated to meals and with a slowly progressive growth. The provisional diagnosis was a pleomorphic adenoma, so a right superficial parotidectomy was performed. During surgery, the macroscopic appearance makes suspect a vascular lesion. The histopathological result was a cavernous hemangioma. The classic clinical presentation of a parotid hemangioma is an intraglandular mass associated or not with skin lesions characterized by reddish macules and/or papules, and a vibration or pulsation when palpating the parotid region. In imaging tests, phleboliths could be observed which are very suggestive of a hemangioma or a vascular malformation. In the absence of these signs, the diagnosis could be difficult, particularly in an adult due to its low prevalence, with about 50 cases reported worldwide. However a hemangioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of parotid tumors in adults

Interacción en las aulas de matemáticas de primaria de Reino Unido y España

La investigación en Educación Matemática se ha interesado por el análisis de la interacción entre un maestro de Primaria y sus alumnos cuando resuelven conjuntamente problemas en el aula (e.g., Sánchez et al., 2014). Los resultados obtenidos en estudios en España mostraron que el maestro promueve escasamente el razonamiento cuando resuelve problemas con sus estudiantes (Rosales et al., 2012). Por eso es de interés conocer qué sucede en otros países. En este trabajo se pretenden comparar los procesos que se explicitan durante la interacción de maestros de Primaria de Reino Unido y España cuando resuelven problemas similares con sus estudiantes

Gender, albuminuria and chronic kidney disease progression in treated diabetic kidney disease

Background: Women are reported to have a lower incidence of renal replacement therapy, despite a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aim: To analyze diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression in men and women. Methods: Prospective cohort: n = 261, 35% women, new consecutive nephrology DKD referrals. Results: Women smoked less and better complied with the dietary phosphate and sodium restrictions. Despite a less frequent nephrology referral, women had lower baseline albuminuria. Over a 30 + - 10-month follow-up, albuminuria decreased in women and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) loss was slower than in men. However, the percentage of rapid progressors was similar in both sexes. The best multivariate model predicting rapid progression in men (area under curve (AUC) = 0.92) and women differed. Albuminuria and fractional excretion of phosphate (FEphosphate) were part of the men multivariable model, but not of women. The AUC for the prediction of rapid progression by albuminuria was higher in men than in women, and the albuminuria cut-off points also differed. In women, there was a higher percentage of rapid progressors who had baseline physiological albuminuria. Conclusions: Female DKD differs from male DKD: albuminuria was milder and better responsive to therapy, the loss of eGFR was slower and the predictors of rapid progression differed from men: albuminuria was a better predictor in men than in women. Lifestyle factors may contribute to the differencesThis work and the APC was funded by FIS grant numbers CP14/00133, PI16/02057, PI18/01366, PI19/00588, PI19/00815, DTS18/00032, ERA-PerMed-JTC2018 (KIDNEY ATTACK AC18/00064 and PERSTIGAN AC18/00071, National Institute of Health (2R01AI063331), ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009 Fondos FEDER, FRIAT, Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Comunidad de Madrid B2017/BMD-3686 CIFRA2-CM, Miguel Servet MS14/00133 to M.D.S.-N. and A.B.S. and Cátedra Mundipharma UAM. IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz Biobank, part of the Spanish Biobanks Platform (PT17/0015/0006)

Study of Melatonin as Preventive Agent of Gastrointestinal Damage Induced by Sodium Diclofenac

: Safety profile of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been widely studied and both therapeutic and side effects at the gastric and cardiovascular level have been generally associated with the inhibitory effect of isoform 1 (COX‐1) and 2 (COX‐2) cyclooxygenase enzymes. Now there are evidences of the involvement of multiple cellular pathways in the NSAIDs‐mediated‐gastrointestinal (GI) damage related to enterocyte redox state. In a previous review we summarized the key role of melatonin (MLT), as an antioxidant, in the inhibition of inflammation pathways mediated by oxidative stress in several diseases, which makes us wonder if MLT could minimize GI NSAIDs side effects. So, the aim of this work is to study the effect of MLT as preventive agent of GI injury caused by NSAIDs. With this objective sodium diclofenac (SD) was administered alone and together with MLT in two experimental models, ex vivo studies in pig intestine, using Franz cells, and in vivo studies in mice where stomach and intestine were studied. The histological evaluation of pig intestine samples showed that SD induced the villi alteration, which was prevented by MLT. In vivo experiments showed that SD altered the mice stomach mucosa and induced tissue damage that was prevented by MLT. The evaluation by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT‐qPCR) of two biochemical markers, COX‐2 and iNOS, showed an increase of both molecules in less injured tissues, suggesting that MLT promotes tissue healing by improving redox state and by increasing iNOS/NO that under non‐oxidative condition is responsible for the maintenance of GI‐epithelium integrity, increasing blood flow and promoting angiogenesis and that in presence of MLT, COX‐2 may be responsible for wound healing in enterocyte. Therefore, we found that MLT may be a preventive agent of GI damages induced by NSAIDs. Keywords: melatonin; NSAIDs; gastric injuries; antioxidan

Validation of an Ex Vivo Permeation Method for the Intestinal Permeability of Different BCS Drugs and Its Correlation with Caco-2 In Vitro Experiments

The absorption study of drugs through different biological membranes constitutes an essential step in the development of new pharmaceutical dosage forms. Concerning orally administered forms, methods based on monolayer cell culture of Caco-2 (Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma) have been developed to emulate intestinal mucosa in permeability studies. Although it is widely accepted, it has disadvantages, such as high costs or high technical complexity, and limitations related to the simplified structure of the monolayer or the class of molecules that can be permeated according to the transport mechanisms. The aim of this work was to develop a new ex vivo methodology which allows the evaluation of the intestinal apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) while using fewer resources and to assess the correlation with Caco-2. To this end, pig (Sus scrofa) duodenum segments were mounted in Franz diffusion cells and used to permeate four different drugs: ketorolac tromethamine (Kt), melatonin (Mel), hydrochlorothiazide (Htz), and furosemide (Fur). No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed corelating Papp values from Franz diffusion cells and Caco-2 cell experiments for Kt, Htz, and Fur. However, there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) correlating Papp values and Mel. The difference is explained by the role of Mel in the duodenal epithelial paracellular permeability reduction. Ex vivo permeation may be an equivalent method to Caco-2 for drugs that do not produce intestinal membrane phenomena that could affect absorption

Nitroproteínas implicadas en la maduración de frutos y en el estrés por baja temperatura en plantas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L)

Comunicaciones a congreso

Análisis de la nitración fisiológica de proteínas en órganos de plantas de guisante (Pisum sativum L) durante su desarrollo y senescencia

Comunicaciones a congreso