Analysis of the degree of implementation of the CRM technological solution in the wine production sector in Spain

[ES] El sector de la producción y distribución de vinos (bodegas) es uno de los más representativos de la economía productiva española. Compuesto mayormente por pequeñas y medianas empresas, muchas de ellas familiares y poco tecnificadas, este sector afronta con dificultad el reto de la transformación digital que sus empresas necesitan para mantener su ventaja competitiva y su posición en el mercado actual. El uso, por parte de estas empresas, de algún sistema Customer Relationship Management (CRM) para la gestión de sus relaciones con los clientes, es indicativo del esfuerzo de éstas por afrontar este reto de la transformación digital. En este este estudio se aborda, de forma científica y lejos de intereses empresariales, un completo análisis de las empresas del sector que usan algún sistema CRM, con el objetivo de detectar qué factores indican a priori una mayor predisposición a usar estos sistemas empresariales de gestión.[EN] The wine production and distribution sector (wineries) are one of the most representative of the Spanish productive economy. Composed mostly of small and medium-sized companies, many of them family-owned and low-tech, this sector faces with difficulty the challenge of digital transformation that their companies need to maintain their competitive advantage and their position in the current market. The use, by these companies, of a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system to manage their relationships with customers, is indicative of their efforts to face this challenge of digital transformation. This study addresses, scientifically and far from business interests, a complete analysis of the companies in the sector that use a CRM system, in order to detect which factors, indicate a priori a greater predisposition to use these business management systems.Guerola-Navarro, V.; Oltra Badenes, RF.; Gil Gómez, H.; Sáenz-Magdalena, A. (2021). Análisis del grado de implantación de la solución tecnológica CRM en el sector de la producción de vinos en España. 3C Empresa, Investigación y pensamiento crítico. 10(2):17-35. https://doi.org/10.17993/3cemp.2021.100246.17-35173510

Memoria del II Coloquio Internacional sobre Diversidad Cultural y Estudios Regionales

Desde la Sede de Occidente y, específicamente, en el seno de la Coordinación de Investigación y con el apoyo de la Dirección de la Sede y las Coordinaciones de Docencia, Administración y Acción Social, así como de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación, se han celebrado en el 2011 y en el 2012 dos coloquios internacionales sobre diversidad cultural y estudios regionales. El propósito de ambos consistió principalmente en motivar a investigadores e investigadoras de las distintas unidades académicas de la Universidad de Costa Rica y de otras instituciones de Educación Superior, así como a representantes de Centros e Institutos de Investigación nacionales e internacionales, a presentar resultados de investigaciones que contribuyeran a un mayor conocimiento de los procesos culturales y que dieran a conocer resultados que permitieran la comprensión de las realidades de distintos sectores y regiones. En el 2011 se presentaron cuarenta y seis ponencias y se dictaron tres conferencias magistrales, y en el 2012 se expusieron cincuenta ponencias y se impartieron tres conferencias magistrales.UCR::Sedes Regionales::Sede de Occidente::Recinto San Ramón::Centro de Investigaciones sobre Diversidad Cultural y Estudios Regionales (CIDICER

Pharmaceutical pollution of the world's rivers

Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, measure different APIs, and have ignored many of the countries of the world. This makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison of the existing data, generated for different studies/regions/continents, is challenging due to the vast differences between the analytical methodologies employed. Here, we present a global-scale study of API pollution in 258 of the world's rivers, representing the environmental influence of 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained from 1,052 locations in 104 countries (representing all continents and 36 countries not previously studied for API contamination) and analyzed for 61 APIs. Highest cumulative API concentrations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and South America. The most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The most frequently detected APIs were carbamazepine, metformin, and caffeine (a compound also arising from lifestyle use), which were detected at over half of the sites monitored. Concentrations of at least one API at 25.7% of the sampling sites were greater than concentrations considered safe for aquatic organisms, or which are of concern in terms of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, pharmaceutical pollution poses a global threat to environmental and human health, as well as to delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

Análisis del grado de implantación de la solución tecnológica CRM en el sector de la producción de vinos en España

The wine production and distribution sector (wineries) are one of the most representative of the Spanish productive economy. Composed mostly of small and medium-sized companies, many of them family-owned and low-tech, this sector faces with difficulty the challenge of digital transformation that their companies need to maintain their competitive advantage and their position in the current market. The use, by these companies, of a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system to manage their relationships with customers, is indicative of their efforts to face this challenge of digital transformation. This study addresses, scientifically and far from business interests, a complete analysis of the companies in the sector that use a CRM system, in order to detect which factors, indicate a priori a greater predisposition to use these business management systems.El sector de la producción y distribución de vinos (bodegas) es uno de los más representativos de la economía productiva española. Compuesto mayormente por pequeñas y medianas empresas, muchas de ellas familiares y poco tecnificadas, este sector afronta con dificultad el reto de la transformación digital que sus empresas necesitan para mantener su ventaja competitiva y su posición en el mercado actual. El uso, por parte de estas empresas, de algún sistema Customer Relationship Management (CRM) para la gestión de sus relaciones con los clientes, es indicativo del esfuerzo de éstas por afrontar este reto de la transformación digital. En este este estudio se aborda, de forma científica y lejos de intereses empresariales, un completo análisis de las empresas del sector que usan algún sistema CRM, con el objetivo de detectar qué factores indican a priori una mayor predisposición a usar estos sistemas empresariales de gestión

Pequeñas economías, grandes desafíos: Políticas económicas para el desarrollo en Centroamérica

El objetivo de "Pequeñas economías, grandes desafíos" es profundizar la comprensión de los desafíos y opciones de política económica que enfrentan los países de Centroamérica y República Dominicana en su cambiante proceso de desarrollo económico y social. En consecuencia, su enfoque es de largo plazo y se concentra en una evaluación del proceso económico desde 1950, con particular atención en los años noventa. La primera parte del libro presenta un análisis regional que explora el efecto sobre el crecimiento económico de la acumulación de factores productivos, la inserción en la economía mundial, el funcionamiento del sistema financiero y el desarrollo institucional. En la segunda parte se analizan las experiencias nacionales de Costa Rica, República Dominicana y El Salvador. Los países centroamericanos y República Dominicana han sido poco estudiados en comparación con otras regiones del mundo en desarrollo. Este libro aporta importante evidencia empírica para la comprensión de la evolución, los desafíos y las posibilidades de las economías de estos países

Harmonized D-dimer levels upon admission for prognosis of COVID-19 severity: Results from a Spanish multicenter registry (BIOCOVID-Spain study).

Coagulopathy is a key feature of COVID-19 and D-dimer has been reported as a predictor of severity. However, because D-dimer test results vary considerably among assays, resolving harmonization issues is fundamental to translate findings into clinical practice. In this retrospective multicenter study (BIOCOVID study), we aimed to analyze the value of harmonized D-dimer levels upon admission for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. All-cause in-hospital mortality was defined as endpoint. For harmonization of D-dimer levels, we designed a model based on the transformation of method-specific regression lines to a reference regression line. The ability of D-dimer for prediction of death was explored by receiver operating characteristic curves analysis and the association with the endpoint by Cox regression analysis. Study population included 2663 patients. In-hospital mortality rate was 14.3%. Harmonized D-dimer upon admission yielded an area under the curve of 0.66, with an optimal cut-off value of 0.945 mg/L FEU. Patients with harmonized D-dimer ≥ 0.945 mg/L FEU had a higher mortality rate (22.4% vs. 9.2%; p

Characteristics and laboratory findings on admission to the emergency department among 2873 hospitalized patients with COVID-19: the impact of adjusted laboratory tests in multicenter studies. A multicenter study in Spain (BIOCOVID-Spain study).

Identification of predictors for severe disease progression is key for risk stratification in COVID-19 patients. We aimed to describe the main characteristics and identify the early predictors for severe outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Spain. This was an observational, retrospective cohort study (BIOCOVID-Spain study) including COVID-19 patients admitted to 32 Spanish hospitals. Demographics, comorbidities and laboratory tests were collected. Outcome was in-hospital mortality. For analysis, laboratory tests values were previously adjusted to assure the comparability of results among participants. Cox regression was performed to identify predictors. Study population included 2873 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Nine variables were independent predictors for in-hospital mortality, including creatinine (Hazard ratio [HR]:1.327; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.040-1.695, p = .023), troponin (HR: 2.150; 95% CI: 1.155-4.001; p = .016), platelet count (HR: 0.994; 95% CI: 0.989-0.998; p = .004) and C-reactive protein (HR: 1.037; 95% CI: 1.006-1.068; p = .019). This is the first multicenter study in which an effort was carried out to adjust the results of laboratory tests measured with different methodologies to guarantee their comparability. We reported a comprehensive information about characteristics in a large cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, focusing on the analytical features. Our findings may help to identify patients early at a higher risk for an adverse outcome

Cardiac troponin and COVID-19 severity: Results from BIOCOVID study.

Myocardial injury is a common finding in COVID-19 strongly associated with severity. We analysed the prevalence and prognostic utility of myocardial injury, characterized by elevated cardiac troponin, in a large population of COVID-19 patients, and further evaluated separately the role of troponin T and I. This is a multicentre, retrospective observational study enrolling patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized in 32 Spanish hospitals. Elevated troponin levels were defined as values above the sex-specific 99th percentile upper reference limit, as recommended by international guidelines. Thirty-day mortality was defined as endpoint. A total of 1280 COVID-19 patients were included in this study, of whom 187 (14.6%) died during the hospitalization. Using a nonspecific sex cut-off, elevated troponin levels were found in 344 patients (26.9%), increasing to 384 (30.0%) when a sex-specific cut-off was used. This prevalence was significantly higher (42.9% vs 21.9%; P  In this multicentre study, myocardial injury was a common finding in COVID-19 patients. Its prevalence increased when a sex-specific cut-off and cardiac troponin T were used. Elevated troponin was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality, irrespective of cardiac troponin assay and cut-offs to detect myocardial injury. Hence, the early measurement of cardiac troponin may be useful for risk stratification in COVID-19