49 research outputs found
Verbal comprehension after brain damage :a psycholinguistic investigation with special reference to cerebro-vascular accident
PhD ThesisA review of theory and practice in the examination of verbal
comprehension in brain-dairiaged adults leads to the conclusion that this
underdeveloped area of study can benefit from the application of
theories from linguistics.
An experimental investigation of (principally) adults who had
suffered cerebro -vascular accident applied, amoxigst other linguistic
theories, the division of language into phonological, syntactic and
semantic levels of organization. The main findings were:
a) Semantic abilities in speech and comprehension corresponded;
syntactic abilities in speech corresponded with those in reading
comprehension, but not aural comprehension; comprehension of phonemic
distinctions corresponded with phonetic articulatory abilities, but
not with degree of phonemic paraphasia. Tests of verbal comprehension
which required simple manipulations of-objects or tokens were
contaminated by gesture dyspraxia. Functional comprehension was not a
reliable predictor of results on linguistic tests.
b) Piphasic adults with left-brain damage experienced significantly
more difficulties in comprehension when sequence was critical to the
meaning of a word or sentence. At the syntactic level this occurred with
reading as well as with aural input, indicating a central difficulty
rather than one which is modality-specific. in aural comprehension, unlike all
types of control subjects including children, aphasic adults found sentences
with reversible elements in surface structure harder than sentences in which
reversible deep relations are not made explicit in surface structure sequence.
Sequencing appears to be a significant influence on verbal comprehension after
left-brain damage.
c) Right-brain-damaged adults who were not aphasic in speech, and who
were familial right-handers, were selectively impaired in semantic comprehension.
Semantic comprehension may be bilaterally represented in the brain, although
comprehension at syntactic and phonological levels may depend principally on
mechanisms lateralized to the left hemisphere.Ridley Fellowship, Newcastle University
The coral core microbiome identifies rare bacterial taxa as ubiquitous endosymbionts
© 2015 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved. Despite being one of the simplest metazoans, corals harbor some of the most highly diverse and abundant microbial communities. Differentiating core, symbiotic bacteria from this diverse hostassociated consortium is essential for characterizing the functional contributions of bacteria but has not been possible yet. Here we characterize the coral core microbiome and demonstrate clear phylogenetic and functional divisions between the micro-scale, niche habitats within the coral host. In doing so, we discover seven distinct bacterial phylotypes that are universal to the core microbiome of coral species, separated by thousands of kilometres of oceans. The two most abundant phylotypes are co-localized specifically with the corals' endosymbiotic algae and symbiont-containing host cells. These bacterial symbioses likely facilitate the success of the dinoflagellate endosymbiosis with corals in diverse environmental regimes
HISTORY OF CHILDHOOD ABUSE AND MOTHER-INFANT INTERACTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES
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Comparative genomics explains the evolutionary success of reef-forming corals
Transcriptome and genome data from twenty stony coral species and a selection of reference bilaterians were studied to elucidate coral evolutionary history. We identified genes that encode the proteins responsible for the precipitation and aggregation of the aragonite skeleton on which the organisms live, and revealed a network of environmental sensors that coordinate responses of the host animals to temperature, light, and pH. Furthermore, we describe a variety of stress-related pathways, including apoptotic pathways that allow the host animals to detoxify reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that are generated by their intracellular photosynthetic symbionts, and determine the fate of corals under environmental stress. Some of these genes arose through horizontal gene transfer and comprise at least 0.2% of the animal gene inventory. Our analysis elucidates the evolutionary strategies that have allowed symbiotic corals to adapt and thrive for hundreds of millions of years.This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by eLife Sciences Publications. The published article can be found at: https://elifesciences.org