Comparison between the Grape Technological Characteristics of Vitis vinifera Subsp. sylvestris and Subsp. sativa

none7siWine has been produced in Georgia since the 6th millennium BC. The processes of cultivar selection and breeding started with wild grapes Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris Gmel. and included multiple introgression events—from the wild to domestication. This article aims at improving the knowledge concerning the history of winemaking through a comparison of the Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris and subsp. sativa. Grapes of Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris were grown in an ampelographic collection and vintages 2017–2020 were analyzed. The obtained data were compared to a wider dataset available in literature concerning Vitis vinifera subsp. sativa, demonstrating the central role of grape morphology in the domestication process. This evidence suggests that the technological value of the cultivars played an important role in the selection process. In vintages 2017, 2018, and 2019, wines were produced with Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris grapes and compared with Cabernet Sauvignon and Saperavi vinifications. For all the vintages, the fermentations took shorter time for wild grape, despite the highest content of total phenols. Learning from the past, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris might still be an interesting genetic resource for future breeding programs. Furthermore, the possible combination of wild and domesticated grapes can make possible the production of wines with long ageing, exalting their own characteristics.openMaghradze, David; Kikilashvili, Shengeli; Gotsiridze, Olan; Maghradze, Tamar; Fracassetti, Daniela; Failla, Osvaldo; Rustioni, LauraMaghradze, David; Kikilashvili, Shengeli; Gotsiridze, Olan; Maghradze, Tamar; Fracassetti, Daniela; Failla, Osvaldo; Rustioni, Laur

Microclimate of Grape Bunch and Sunburn of White Grape Berries: Effect on Wine Quality.

This research aimed to evaluate the composition of wines made with white grapes which are particularly susceptible to sunburn symptoms due to the absence of anthocyanin. Sunburn is a complex physiological dysfunction leading to browning or necrosis of berry tissues. In vintage 2021, the canopy of ‘Verdeca’ grapevines grown in Salento, South Italy, was differently managed by sun exposing or shading the bunches. Micrometeorological conditions were studied at different levels. Grapes were vinified, comparing the winemaking with and without skin maceration. The vegetative-productive balance of plants was not substantially modified. On the contrary, a significant effect was observed on the quality and quantity of grapes produced: smaller berries with sunburn symptoms were found on unshaded bunches. This influenced the percentage distribution among skin, pulp and seeds, causing a decrease in must yield of up to 30%. The pH was significantly higher in macerated wines made using shaded grapes, due to a lower titratable acidity and to significant impacts on the acid profile. Obviously, maceration produced a higher extraction of phenolics in wines, which reached their maximum in wines made with sunburned grapes. The absorbance at 420 nm, index of yellow color, was also significantly higher in sunburned grapes, indicating greater oxidation. Even though excessive grape sun-exposure could negatively affect the perception of white wines made without maceration (resulting in more oxidative character), the sensory quality of orange/amber wines was not significantly impacted by the presence of sunburned grapes. Thus, this winemaking technique could be particularly interesting to set up a production strategy adapted to viticultural regions strongly affected by climate change

Prevalence of Children with Severe Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in Communities Near Rome, Italy: New Estimated Rates Are Higher than Previous Estimates

Objective: To determine the population-based epidemiology of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and other fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in towns representative of the general population of central Italy. Methods: Slightly revised U.S. Institute of Medicine diagnostic methods were used among children in randomly-selected schools near Rome. Consented first grade children (n = 976) were screened in Tier I for height, weight, or head circumference and all childre

Prove di Valutazione della Comprensione Linguistica (scheda descrittiva)

Test psicologico. Scheda descrittiva creata all'interno del progetto Bibliomedi

Estudio del desarrollo de la habilidad de revisi\uf3n ortogr\ue1fica: nuevo instrumento de evaluaci\uf3n

En el \ue1mbito de la comunicaci\uf3n social, los carteles tendr\uedan la funci\uf3n de regular el comportamiento humano, las informaciones podr\uedan resultar ambiguas y despistar debido a la presencia de faltas ortogr\ue1ficas. El trabajo de investigaci\uf3n concierne al estudio de las estrategias interpretativas, es decir, c\uf3mo el sujeto comprende el significado y de qu\ue9 manera corrige los errores, para determinar cu\ue1ndo inicia el procedimiento de correcci\uf3n ortogr\ue1fica espont\ue1neo, cu\ue1les son las faltas de ortograf\ueda m\ue1s dif\uedciles de corregir, y las diferencias de ejecuci\uf3n entre los sujetos con desarrollo normal, con trastornos de aprendizaje y de origen extranjero