Temperature and density measurements in the base region of a clustered rocket model using an electron beam technique

Temperature and density measurements in base region flow field of clustered rocket engine model using electron beam techniqu

RF model of the distribution system as a communication channel, phase 2. Volume 4: Sofware source program and illustrations ASCII database listings

Listings of source programs and some illustrative examples of various ASCII data base files are presented. The listings are grouped into the following categories: main programs, subroutine programs, illustrative ASCII data base files. Within each category files are listed alphabetically

Probing the Modulation of Acute Ethanol Intoxication by Pharmacological Manipulation of the NMDAR Glycine Co-Agonist Site

BACKGROUND: Stimulating the glycine(B) binding site on the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has been proposed as a novel mechanism for modulating behavioral effects of ethanol (EtOH) that are mediated via the NMDAR, including acute intoxication. Here, we pharmacologically interrogated this hypothesis in mice. METHODS: Effects of systemic injection of the glycine(B) agonist, D-serine, the GlyT-1 glycine transporter inhibitor, ALX-5407, and the glycine(B) antagonist, L-701,324, were tested for effects on EtOH-induced ataxia, hypothermia, loss of righting reflex duration (LORR) in C57BL/6J (B6) and 129S1/SvImJ (S1) inbred mice. Effects of the glycine(B) partial agonist, D-cycloserine, the GlyT-1 inhibitor, NFPS, and the glycine(B) antagonist, DCKA, on EtOH-induced LORR duration were also tested. Interaction effects on EtOH-induced LORR duration were examined via combined treatment with D-serine and ALX-5407, D-serine and MK-801, D-serine and L-701,324, as well as L-701,324 and ALX-5407, in B6 mice, as D-serine in GluN2A and PSD-95 KO mice. The effect of dietary depletion of Magnesium (Mg), an element which interacts the glycine(B) site, was also tested. RESULTS: Neither D-serine, D-cycloserine, ALX-5407, nor NFPS significantly affected EtOH intoxication on any of the measures or strains studied. L-701,324, but not DCKA, dose-dependently potentiated the ataxia-inducing effects of EtOH and increased EtOH-induced (but not pentobarbital-induced) LORR duration. D-serine did not have interactive effects on EtOH-induced LORR duration when combined with ALX-5407. The EtOH-potentiating effects of L-701,324, but not MK-801, on LORR duration were prevented by D-serine, but not ALX-5407. Mg depletion potentiated LORR duration in B6 mice and was lethal in a large proportion of S1 mice. CONCLUSIONS: Glycine(B) site activation failed to produce the hypothesized reduction in EtOH intoxication across a range of measures and genetic strains, but blockade of the glycine(B) site potentiated EtOH intoxication. These data suggest endogenous activity at the glycine(B) opposes EtOH intoxication, but it may be difficult to pharmacologically augment this action, at least in non-dependent subjects, perhaps due to physiological saturation of the glycine(B) site

RF model of the distribution system as a communication channel, phase 2. Volume 3: Appendices

Program documentation concerning the design, implementation, and verification of a computerized model for predicting the steady-state sinusoidal response of radial configured distribution feeders is presented in these appendices

Snohomish Basin Protection Plan - innovative approaches to hydrology protection opportunities

The 2005 Snohomish Basin Salmon Conservation Plan identified targets for improvement in habitat conditions for all salmonid species but in particular ESA listed Chinook. While progress has been made in the basin on restoring habitat and updating land use regulations to reflect best available science, yet a comprehensive and strategic protection strategy, including acquisition, incentives, regulations, policy and education, has not been developed. Land use pressures and climate change threaten to overwhelm gains made through restoration and undermine the long-term viability of fish populations. The Snohomish Basin Protection Plan is an EPA-funded grant project developed through a partnership between Snohomish County, the Tulalip Tribes and King County that will serve as an addendum to the 2005 Conservation Plan. This protection effort identifies hydrology as the critical process to salmon survival and recovery and focuses on those areas essential to the hydrologic health of the basin, regardless of the level of degradation. The technical approach assesses the existing conditions of the landscape using patterns of land use and fish distribution as well as the WA Department of Ecology Watershed Characterization, ecosystem services information and local knowledge about protection opportunities from the Snohomish Basin Technical Committee. Areas important to the hydrologic functions of the basin were highlighted for protection and strategies that were identified to protect these areas included different tools ranging from landowner tax incentive programs to new policy recommendations that would offer greater protection to these critical areas. The effort developed a comprehensive and explicit protection strategy for the basin to address threats and emerging problems that also accommodates growth while protecting areas critical to the hydrologic health of the basin

RF model of the distribution system as a communication channel, phase 2. Volume 2: Task reports

Based on the established feasibility of predicting, via a model, the propagation of Power Line Frequency on radial type distribution feeders, verification studies comparing model predictions against measurements were undertaken using more complicated feeder circuits and situations. Detailed accounts of the major tasks are presented. These include: (1) verification of model; (2) extension, implementation, and verification of perturbation theory; (3) parameter sensitivity; (4) transformer modeling; and (5) compensation of power distribution systems for enhancement of power line carrier communication reliability

Evaluating common trends in Chinook density and the influence of temperature and salinity patterns among distributary channels in a large river estuary to aid evaluation, planning, and prioritization of restoration activities

Landscape context is critical in estuary restoration planning and assessment due to the complexity and size of estuaries, and the unique attributes and cumulative effects of individual restoration projects. In addition, the diversity and mobility of estuarine species, in particular juvenile salmon, highlights the importance of landscape position given certain locations in the delta are less accessible to salmon. The Snohomish River delta has been the focus of major estuary restoration efforts in recent years and efforts could result in the largest cumulative estuary restoration action in Puget Sound. While several large projects have been initiated/competed in recent years, information to help prioritization and planning for future projects is currently lacking. We used a time series analysis of Chinook densities from 2011-2015 to assess general patterns in fish use and the effect of temperature and salinity through the outmigration period among the mainstem Snohomish River and the three primary distributaries. Two common trends in Chinook salmon density among the distributary and mainstem channels reflect patterns attributable to potential life history variation interpreted as an estuary rearing/residence component and general freshwater rearing (parr) outmigration. Furthermore, peak densities occurred earlier when above average temperatures were observed throughout the estuary. The differential patterns in Chinook density and the apparent influence of temperature may aid restoration evaluation, planning and prioritization aimed at increasing capacity for estuary rearing Chinook salmon throughout the delta and provide input regarding the potential effect of changing temperatures due to climate change

Intersubunit Interactions at Putative Sites of Ethanol Action in the M3 and M4 Domains of the NMDA Receptor GluN1 and GluN2B Subunits

Background and Purpose: The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is an important target of alcohol action in the brain. Recent studies in this laboratory have demonstrated that alcohol-sensitive positions in the intersubunit interfaces of the M3 and M4 domains of GluN1 and GluN2A subunits interact with respect to ethanol sensitivity and receptor kinetics, and that alcohol-sensitive positions in the M domains of GluN2A and GluN2B subunits differ. In this study we tested for interactions among alcohol-sensitive positions at the M domain intersubunit interfaces in GluN1/GluN2B NMDA receptors. Experimental Approach: We used whole-cell patch-clamp recording in tsA201 cells expressing tryptophan substitution mutants at ethanol-sensitive positions in the GluN1 and GluN2B NMDA receptor subunits to test for interactions among positions. Key Results: Six pairs of positions in GluN1/GluN2B significantly interacted to regulate ethanol inhibition: Gly638/Met824, Gly638/Leu825, Phe639/Leu825, Phe639/Gly826, Met818/Phe637 and Val820/Phe637. Tryptophan substitution at Met824 or Leu825 in GluN2B did not alter ethanol sensitivity but interacted with positions in the GluN1 M3 domain to regulate ethanol action, whereas tryptophan substitution at Gly638, which is the cognate of an ethanol-sensitive position in GluN2A, did not alter ethanol sensitivity or interact with positions in GluN1. Two and three pairs of positions interacted to regulate glutamate steady-state and peak current EC50, respectively, and one pair interacted with respect to macroscopic desensitization. Conclusions: Despite highly-conserved M domain sequences and similar ethanol sensitivity in the GluN2A and GluN2B subunits, the manner in which these subunits interact with the GluN1 subunit to regulate ethanol sensitivity and receptor kinetics differs