Identifying Contextual Factors of Employee Satisfaction of Performance Management at a Thai State Enterprise

Although there has been an increase in Performance Management (PM) literature over the years arguing that PM perceptions are likely to be a function of PM process components and contextual factors, the actual relationship between the contextual factors and employee satisfaction of PM remains little explored.  Extending previous research, this study examines relationships between contextual factors and employees’ PM satisfaction.  Derived from the literature, these contextual factors are motivation and empowerment of employees, role conflict, role ambiguity, perceived organisational support, procedural justice and distributive justice.  Seven directional hypotheses are tested accordingly through a series of regression analyses.  This article finds that these contextual factors, with the exception of role conflict, are directly predictive of enhanced employees’ PM satisfaction at the Thai state enterprise

Thailand and the CGIAR Centers: A Study of Their Collaboration in Agricultural Research

A description of the institutions of Thailand's national agricultural research system (NARS) and survey of Thai scientists' impressions of the CGIAR Centers and the services they provide. Written by Rungruang Isarangkura of the Agricultural Planning Sector of the National Economic and Social Development Board of Thailand

FROM A RULE-BASED MODEL TO A CONSTRAINT-BASED MODEL

In the late 1950ûs, Noam Chomsky and Moris Halle broke new ground by introducingthe Generative School of Phonology. This school beleives that phonological structure echoesthe linguistic competence of the speakers of particular langauges. Speakers are able tocompute a phonetic representation for the infinite number of sentences generated by thegrammar. Generative phonology consists of five crucial components-levels of phonologicalrepresentation (underlying form and surface form), phonological rules, derivations, distinctivefeatures, and linearity. In this paper, two generative phonological models are examined. Eventhough a constraint-based model or Optimality Theory (OT) can solve the duplication problem,a rule-based model still exists for some reasons. This study does not intend to identify whichmodel is the better between the two. Rather, both models account for phonological alternationsin differnt ways.Key words : phonology, Optimality Theory, rules-based model, phonological alternations,English plural suffixe

Exploratory Analysis of the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire - Thai Version and Safety Climate among Thai Employees

Introduction: High death and injury rates at work are continually reported by the Ministry of Labour, Thailand, despite the promotion of the occupational safety, health, and environment (OSHE) management system across all enterprises. To identify the gap between OSHE and workers’ perception in terms of safety climate in Thai organizations, the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire-Thai Version (T-NOSACQ) was used in this study. Methods: The content validity index of the T-NOSACQ was assessed and this tool was employed to examine workers in six manufacturing firms and a tertiary care hospital between October 2015 and December 2016. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the total dataset to justify the final questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the factors related to the safety climate score. Results: The final T-NOSACQ included 5 dimensions with a total of 42 items. The internal consistency of each subscale was in the range of 0.73–0.89. There were 1191 participants, including 88.9% workers and 11.1% leaders, who voluntarily responded to the questionnaire. The lowest safety climate score was obtained on the dimension ‘employees’ risk acceptance’, especially at factory A (2.67±0.45 and 2.92±0.45 for the worker and leader groups, respectively). The highest score was obtained on the dimension ‘employees’ engagement to safety, especially at factory F (3.30±0.33 and 3.46±0.42 for the worker and leader groups, respectively). Conclusion: The safety climate in both leader and workers groups can be predicted by T-NOSACQ. Thai employees exhibited a positive perception of safety engagement. However, the OSHE management system in Thailand, especially employees’ risk acceptance, should be improved

Hybrid Fiction and the Constitution of Subjectivity in Twenty-First Century American Literature

This thesis studies hybrid fiction to identify characteristics of contemporary American literature in the twenty-first century. Hybrid fiction represents the role of affect in the constitution of human subjectivities. Affect presupposes an interconnection between humans and nonhumans and challenges the distinction between the subject and the object. Hybrid fiction thus portrays humans as relational entities with the potential to affect and be affected by humans and nonhuman others. Moreover, it emphasizes the influence of affect in the relationship between the text and the reader. It uses certain forms, structures, and writing styles are used in hybrid fiction to make the reader an active participant in meaning production. Accordingly, hybrid fiction is committed to hybrid and affective thinking both at the levels of form and content. The thesis considers the juxtaposition between affect and subjectivity in three aspects: authenticity, literacy, and critique. The first chapter examines narrative subjectivities as a site in which affect reconceptualizes self-authenticity as a form of accountability. The second chapter explores affective forms of literacy in the experience of urban subjects. Lastly, the third chapter explores the connection between forms and the post-critical practice in network subjectivities. By examining the representation of these three subjectivities in connection with authenticity, literacy, and critique, it is possible to see the influence of affective thinking in hybrid fiction as representative of contemporary American literature

Effects of Pom-nang Seaweed, Gracilaria fisheri on Growth, Survival, Feed Efficiency and Catalase Production of Juvenile Mud Crab, Scylla paramamosain

Master of Science (Fishery Science and Technology), 2022The study on the effects of Pom-nang seaweed, Gracilaria fisheri on growth, survival, feed efficiency and catalase production of juvenile mud crab, Scylla paramamosain was conducted. The main objectives of this study are to investigate (1) effect of dietary diets with different Pom-nang seaweed supplementation’s levels on growth rate, survival rate, feed efficiency and catalase activity of juvenile mud crab and (2) influence of Pom-nang seaweed density as a shelter and stocking density on growth, feed efficiency, and survival rates of juvenile mud crab. Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment, juvenile mud crabs were individually stocked in plastic containers with an initial body weight of 0.02 g. Two factors including five dietary treatments (Pom-nang seaweed powder supplemented at the level of 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% and control; mysid shrimp) and two shelter treatments (with Pom-nang seaweed as shelter and without shelter) were designed. Juvenile mud crabs were fed at 8% body weight for 28 days. It was found that different diets had significant effects on weight gain (WG), specific growth rate on body weight (SGRw), protein efficiency ratio (PER) but not for feed conversion ratio (FCR), catalase activity (CAT) and survival rate of the crabs. The crabs reared with seaweeds as shelter had significantly different PER, FCR, CAT and survival rate values compared to those without seaweeds as shelter (P < 0.05). There were significant differences on the interactions of the combined factor on WG, SGR and PER (P <0.05). It was found that mysid shrimp was the most appropriate food for nursing juvenile mud crab. However, formulated diets supplemented with seaweeds had a potential to replace mysid shrimp. The combination of seaweed as shelter and the formulated diets with 4% seaweed (PSP4) had the highest values of all growth performances and survival rate compared to the others. The second experiment, effect of stocking density and density of Pom-nang seaweed as shelter on growth and survival rates of juvenile mud crab were conducted using juvenile mud crab with an initial body weight of 0.02 g. Two factors including four stocking density treatments (100, 200, 300 and 400 crab/m2) and four densities of Pom-nang seaweed as shelter (100 g/m2, 500 g/m2, 1,000 g/m2 and without shelter) were tested. Juvenile mud crabs were fed with PSP4 at 8% body weight for 28 days. It was found that different stocking density had significant effects on PER and FCR (P <0.05), and different density of Pom-nang seaweed as a shelter had significant effects on PER, FCR and survival rate (P <0.05). The stocking density at 400 crab/m2 and high density of Pom-nang seaweed as a shelter at 1,000 g/m2 was the optimal rate for nursing juvenile mud crab as indicated by growth performances and survival rate. There was no impact of interaction effect of the combined factor. This study can support a new technique and method for the development of nursing mud crab in the future.Prince of Songkla University under the Discipline of Excellence for Sustainable Aquaculture Project research for advancement of completed aquaculture system for mud crab (Scylla spp.) to be a new economic species by means of participation for area development mechanism in Pattani province. Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) and Prince of Songkla University (PSU) Pattani Campus for providing scholarships to support this study under the UMS – PSU Dual Master Degrees Program.ผลของสาหร่ายผมนาง Gracilaria fisheri ต่ออัตราการเจริญเติบโต อัตราการรอดตาย ประสิทธิภาพการใช้อาหาร และการสร้างคะตาเลสของปูขาว Scylla paramamosain ระยะวัยรุ่น โดยการทดลองแบ่งเป็นสองส่วนคือ ส่วนที่หนึ่งเป็นการศึกษาผลของการเสริมสาหร่ายผมนางในอาหารที่ระดับต่างกันและการใส่สาหร่ายผมนางเป็นที่หลบซ่อน ส่วนที่สองเป็นการศึกษาความหนาแน่นของปูที่ระดับต่างกันและระดับความหนาแน่นของสาหร่ายผมนางที่เหมาะสม ในส่วนแรกได้ทำการศึกษาโดยใช้ปูขาวระยะวัยรุ่น น้ำหนัก 0.02 กรัม ซึ่งได้ออกแบบแผนการทดลองโดยมีสองปัจจัยได้แก่ ปัจจัยด้านอาหาร 5 ชุดการทดลอง (PSP0, PSP2, PSP4, PSP6 และชุดควบคุม) และปัจจัยทางด้านการใช้สาหร่ายผมนางเป็นที่หลบซ่อน 2 ชุดการทดลอง (มีและไม่มีที่หลบซ่อน) โดยให้อาหารวันละ 8 เปอร์เซ็นต์ของน้ำหนักตัว ทำการทดลองเป็นระยะเวลา 28 วัน จากการศึกษาพบว่า สูตรอาหารที่แตกต่างกันมีผลอย่างมีนัยสำคัญต่อน้ำหนักที่เพิ่มขึ้น อัตราการเจริญเติบโตจำเพาะของน้ำหนักตัว ประสิทธิภาพการใช้โปรตีน (P 0.05) ของปูขาวระยะวัยรุ่น ผลจากการศึกษาปัจจัยของที่หลบซ่อนพบว่าปูขาวที่ใช้สาหร่ายผมนางเป็นที่หลบซ่อนมีประสิทธิภาพการใช้โปรตีน อัตราการแลกเนื้อ แอนไซม์คะตาเลส และอัตราการรอดตายแตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญเมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับการไม่ใช้สาหร่ายเป็นที่หลบซ่อน (P <0.05) อย่างไรก็ตามจากการทดลองครั้งนี้พบอิทธิพลร่วมระหว่างสองปัจจัยต่อน้ำหนักที่เพิ่มขึ้น อัตราการเจริญเติบโตจำเพาะของน้ำหนักตัว ประสิทธิภาพการใช้โปรตีน (P <0.05) ผลจากการศึกษาครั้งนี้สามารถสรุปได้ว่าการใช้กุ้งเคย (ชุดควบคุม) เหมาะสมต่อการอนุบาลปูขาวระยะวัยรุ่นมากที่สุด อย่างไรก็ตามอาหารสำเร็จรูปเสริมด้วยสาหร่ายผมนางมีศักยภาพที่จะทดแทนกุ้งเคยได้ ถึงแม้ว่าประสิทธิภาพการเจริญเติบโตจะลดลงก็ตาม และการใช้สาหร่ายผมนางเป็นที่หลบซ่อนเป็นสิ่งจำเป็นสำหรับปูขาวระยะวัยรุ่นโดยมีแนวโน้มการเจริญเติบโต อัตราการรอดตาย และแอนไซม์คะตาเลสสูง นอกจากนี้ การใช้สาหร่ายเป็นที่หลบซ่อนและการใช้อาหารสำเร็จรูปเสริมด้วยสาหร่ายผมนางระดับ 4 เปอร์เซ็นต์ (PSP4) มีการเจริญเติบโตและอัตราการรอดสูงเมื่อเทียบอาหารสูตรอื่นๆ สำหรับผลการทดลองความหนาแน่นของปูขาวและความหนาแน่นของสาหร่ายผมนางเพื่อเป็นที่หลบซ่อนต่ออัตราการเจริญเติบโตและอัตราการรอดตายของปูขาวระยะวัยรุ่น โดยออกแบบการทดลองโดยมีสองปัจจัยได้แก่ ความหนาแน่นของปูขาว (100, 200, 300 และ 400 ตัว/ตร.ม.) และความหนาแน่นของที่หลบซ่อน (100, 500, 1,000 กรัม/ตร.ม. และไม่มีที่หลบซ่อน) ให้อาหารด้วย PSP4 วันละ 8 เปอร์เซ็นต์ของน้ำหนักตัวเป็นระยะเวลา 28 วัน ผลการศึกษาพบว่า ความหนาแน่นของปูขาวที่เลี้ยงในระดับที่ต่างกันมีผลต่อค่าประสิทธิภาพการใช้โปรตีนและอัตราการแลกเนื้ออย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (P <0.05) ความหนาแน่นของสาหร่ายผมนางเป็นที่หลบซ่อนมีผลอย่างมีนัยสำคัญต่อ ประสิทธิภาพการใช้โปรตีน อัตราการแลกเนื้อ และอัตราการรอดชีวิต (P <0.05) จากการทดลองสามารถสรุปว่าการเลี้ยงปูขาวที่ความหนาแน่น 400 ตัว/ตร.ม. และการใส่สาหร่ายผมนางที่ความหนาแน่น 1,000 กรัม/ตร.ม. เป็นแนวทางที่เหมาะสมสำหรับอนุบาลปูขาวระยะวัยรุ่น ผลการศึกษาครั้งนี้จะช่วยพัฒนาเทคนิคและวิธีใหม่สำหรับการพัฒนาแนวทางการอนุบาลลูกปูขาวระยะวัยรุ่นต่อไ

Occurrence of the Foramen of Vesalius and Its Morphometry Relevant to Clinical Consideration

All 377 dry skulls were examined for the occurrence and morphometry of the foramen of Vesalius (FV) both in the middle cranial fossa and at the extracranial view of the skull base. There were 25.9% and 10.9% of FV found at the extracranial view of the skull base and in the middle cranial fossa, respectively. Total patent FV were 16.1% (11.9% unilaterally and 4.2% bilaterally). Most FV were found in male and on the left side. Comparatively, FV at the extracranial view of the skull base had a larger maximum diameter. The distance between FV and the foramen ovale (FO) was as short as 2.05 ± 1.09 mm measured at the extracranial view of the skull base. In conclusion, although the existence of FV is inconstant, its occurrence could not be negligible. The proximity of FV to FO should remind neurosurgeons to be cautious when performing the surgical approach through FO

The Impacts of Internal and External Factors on Developing Global Digital Innovation: A Case Study of the Provincial Electricity Authority in Thailand

The study aimed to investigate the impacts of internal and external factors on developing global digital innovation by means of a case study of the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) in Thailand. The research framework was based on the concepts of disruptive leadership, Thailand 4.0, Industry 4.0, PEA Digital Utility or Electric Utility of the Future, ICT/Digital Innovation, and Sufficiency Economy Principles (SEP). The research sample group comprised 419 PEA employees randomly selected from throughout the country. The research tools consisted of structured questionnaires on content and technical quality validated by five qualified experts. Assumptions of multiple regression analysis- normality, linearity, no multicollinearity, independence, and homoscedasticity were examined. The data verifying the assumptions were analyzed by multiple regression and PEA Digital Utility, Industry 4.0, ICT/Digital Innovation, Disruptive Leadership, and Thailand 4.0 were estimated for the development of global digital innovation. It was also found that most PEA employees, or 51.55 percent, refer to the innovation they know of as PEA Smart Plus. This is because PEA will focus on the use of communication technology to improve efficiency in the distribution system which is the foundation for further development of other parts of the system. Furthermore, most PEA employees identified innovation as being environmentally friendly

Groundwater recharge in Mekong River Delta: An application of the water-table fluctuation method in the Long Xuyen Quadrangle and the Ca Mau Peninsula

Local groundwater recharge was determined using the Water Table Fluctuation method in the Long Xuyen Quadrangle and the Ca Mau Peninsula to refine existing estimates in a range of aquifer lithologies in light of climate change. The approach takes advantage of long term monthly water level records of Vietnam by Division of Water Resources Planning and Investigation for the South of Vietnam. An analysis of water levels in eight observation wells during four climatically distinct years (2005, 2009, 2013, and 2020) was used in combination with the monthly meteorological data. Groundwater recharge was estimated by the Water Table Fluctuation method to vary from 95.7 to 150.4 mm/year and account for 5.3 to 7.5% of the total rainfall. The estimates fall within the range of values used in regional-scale recharge models and demonstrate the potential of the Water Table Fluctuation method for resolving spatial and temporal variations of groundwater recharge

Flow micro-calorimetry and FTIR spectroscopy study of interfacial interactions in uncoated and coated calcium carbonate filled polyurethane adhesives

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) - calcium carbonate interactions were studied using flow micro-calorimetry (FMC) and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS). FMC enabled the determination of adsorption and desorption energies; in this study a model compound approach was used to acquire insight in to the effect of calcium carbonate type and presence of stearate coating on polymer - filler interactions. It was anticipated that this data will assist in the understanding of differing responses obtained from parallel plate rheometry and viscoelastic measurements of the filled polyurethanes. Three calcium carbonates (coated and uncoated precipitated calcium carbonate, and natural ultramicronized uncoated calcium carbonate) were used. A stronger TPU-filler interaction was shown in the uncoated precipitated calcium carbonate due to the fact that more of the surface was available for interaction. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim