A Multidimensional Approach to the Economic Value of Outdoor Recreation

Whilst quality is a key factor of recreational demand, traditional methods of economic valuation have trouble incorporating this multi-dimensional aspect. Choice experiment, seen as an alternative, has its limits as well. We therefore examine an approach known as the multi-programme method (MP), based on the work of Lancaster (1966) and Hoehn (1991) and on a protocol developed by Santos (1998) and Point et al. (2007). It focuses on determining agents willingness to pay for different components (called programmes) of an environmental scheme but also studies potential relations between these components. To valuate the environmental scheme, MP does not use the independent valuation and summation procedure but also takes into account changes due to the implementation of the scheme (Hoehn and Loomis, 1993). We propose an application of MP to Girondine coastal sites, where recreational activities concurrently take place in three adjacent natural areas: forest, sandy beach and the ocean.Coastal Forests, Economic Valuation, Multi-attribute Approach, Multi-Programme Contingent Valuation Method, Outdoor Recreation

Paléopathologie des ammonites — Historique et exemples pris dans le Toarcien et l'Aalénien (Jurassique) de la Région lyonnaise (France)

Palaeopathology of the Ammonites. Historic review and new data from the Jurassic (Toarcian, Aalenian) of the mLyon's area. From the beginning of the XIXth century, paleontologists noticed that certain ammonites show surprising morphological characteristics. Therefore, they often interpreted these ammonites as new species, before these anomalies were correctly attributed to wounds or diseases of already known species. So, the genus Monestieria, may not be used mnow. mThe rich Jurassic deposits of the region of Lyon delivered numerous examples of abnormal ammonites in Toarcian and Aalenian levels. The genera Hammatoceras seems particularly affected. These ammonites, in very good state of mpreservation, supply good examples of the main anomalies we can observe on these mollusks. However, the causes of these anomalies are still relatively badly defined: they are still not studied in particular on the current molluscs

Caractérisation des réponses contre des antigènes spécifiques aux tumeurs cryptiques pour le développement de thérapies contre les leucémies aiguës

Le traitement des leucémies myéloïdes et lymphoblastiques aiguës a connu des avancées importantes dans la dernière décennie. Malgré ces progrès, le taux de rechutes reste élevé et le besoin médical est réel. Ces leucémies sont caractérisées par une expression aberrante d’antigènes qui peuvent provenir de protéines mutées, mais aussi de séquences rapportées comme non codantes. Les réponses contre ces néoantigènes tumoraux « cryptiques » demeurent non caractérisées. Afin de définir l’existence d’un répertoire varié de récepteurs des lymphocytes T (TCR) qui reconnaitraient ces néoantigènes, des cellules mononuclées du sang périphérique de patients sains sont isolées puis enrichies en cellules T CD8+ naïves. L’expansion et l’activation de ces cellules sont ensuite réalisées avec des cellules dendritiques autologues chargées avec l’antigène d’intérêt puis triées à l’aide de multimères HLA-peptides spécifiques. L’ARN des cellules avec TCR spécifiques aux antigènes spécifiques des tumeurs (TSA) leucémiques est isolé afin de réaliser un séquençage du TCR-bêta. L’expansion cellulaire a été réalisée de façon suffisante pour effectuer le séquençage des cellules identifiées comme positives par le marquage avec dextramères. Une réponse T est obtenue pour 50% des néoantigènes testés avec une réactivité montrée par ELISpot et se traduisant par une sécrétion de cytokines inflammatoires. Des lymphocytes T spécifiques aux TSA d’intérêt sont donc présents dans le sang périphérique de donneurs sains. Le séquençage de ces cellules a permis d’identifier les clonotypes pour lesquels une réponse anti-leucémique forte est possible. Il serait intéressant d’utiliser ces clonotypes spécifiques aux tumeurs cryptiques dans le développement de nouveaux traitements d’immunothérapie adoptive.The treatment of acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia has seen significant advances in the past decade. Despite this progress, the relapse rate remains high and the medical need is real. These leukemias are characterized by an aberrant expression of antigens, some from mutated proteins but also from sequences of DNA that were reported as non-coding. Responses against these “cryptic” neoantigens remains uncharacterized. In order to verify whether a diverse repertoire of T cell receptors (TCR) does recognize these neoantigens, mononuclear cells from peripheral blood of healthy patients are isolated and enriched with naive CD8+ T cells. The expansion and activation of these cells are then carried out with autologous dendritic cells loaded with the antigen of interest and then sorted using HLA-peptide specific multimers. RNA from cells with TCR specific for leukemic tumor-specific antigens (TSA) is isolated in order to perform TCR-beta sequencing. Cell expansion was sufficient to perform the sequencing of cells identified as positive by staining with dextramers. A T-cell response is obtained for 50% of the neoantigens tested with reactivity shown by ELISpot and resulting in a secretion of inflammatory cytokines. T lymphocytes specific to the TSA of interest are therefore present in the peripheral blood of healthy donors. Sequencing of these cells made it possible to identify clonotypes for which a strong anti-leukemic response can be expected. It would be interesting to use these cryptic tumor-specific clonotypes in the development of new adoptive immunotherapy treatments

Données nouvelles sur la répartition des Phymatoceratinae (Ammonitina, Toarcien) Exemples de convergences et d’évolution itérative

La comparaison de specimens de Phymatoceratinae, provenant soit d’Europe du NW, soit des regions tethysiennes, revele de grandes differences morphologiques et stratigraphiques entre des especes jusque-la le plus souvent rapportees au genre Phymatoceras. Ce nőm doit etre reserve aux especes de la zone a Bifrons. Deux autres noms generiques sont proposes: Furloceras pour les especes tethysiennes de la “zone a Erbaense” Mouterdeiceras pour les exemplaires recueillis dans la zone a Thouarsense de France et de Lombardie et decrits ici, a partir d’un materiel inedit provenant de la region lyonnaise

Améliorer la connaissance du patrimoine en France pour une gestion durable du patrimoine des réseaux d'eau potable

IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition, Tokyo, JPN, 16-/09/2018 - 21/09/2018International audienceWith the aim of improving the implementation and evaluation of public policy in France relating to sustainable drinking water asset management (regulation at national level and subsidies at watershed level) the French Ministry of Ecology asked Irstea, a state research body, to create an ongoing system to manage technical and financial knowledge relating to drinking water network assets. In this study we develop a statistical approach to model pipe length by category, based on the geographical characteristics of the territory in which they are installed. Multivariate models including road length have been found to be pertinent. This technical analysis is accompanied by a study of asset values and renewal costs, based on a typology of water suppliers and an examination of economic and financial ratios. A number of disparities between territories are highlighted

Évaluation des préférences pour le caractère concerté d'une politique : le cas de la relocalisation des biens face à la montée du niveau de la mer

International audienceCet article s'interroge sur l'importance de la concertation comme condition facilitant l'acceptabilité des politiques d'adaptation des territoires littoraux aux risques de submersion liés à l'élévation du niveau de la mer. Ces politiques dites de relocalisation visent à déplacer les biens et les activités exposés pour réduire leur vulnérabilité. Il repose sur une enquête conduite sur le territoire du SCOT du Biterrois en Languedoc-Roussillon. Plus précisément une évaluation des consentements-à-payer des résidents pour différentes modalités de mise en oeuvre des relocalisations par l'approche des choix multi attributs a été réalisée. L'intégration du recours à la concertation dans les alternatives a permis d'obtenir une évaluation monétaire des préférences des résidents pour cette modalité

Moulage d’un Ichtyosaure géant

Reflet d’une collaboration entre des institutions muséales, une entreprise privée, le CNRS et quelques amateurs passionnés, l’expérience présentée ici apparaît en tout point exemplaire et caractéristique des apports de la technique du moulage dans les domaines scientifique et pédagogique

Une succession de référence pour le Toarcien Moyen et Supérieur: les "Margas calcárias de São Gião" dans les environs de Cantanhede (sous-bassin nord lusitanien, Portugal)*

The geological sections studied at the São Gião sector (Cantanhede region) have allowed the establishment of a clear succession of ammonite associations during the Middle and Upper Toarcian (“Margas calcárias de São Gião” and “Calcários margosos de Póvoa da Lomba” Formations). The fossil collections were gathered over the last 40 years and, in spite of the apparent facies monotony, come from a thick and fossiliferous marly-limestone unit. The ammonite succession allows the establishment and/or verification of a certain number of biostratigraphical elements, of which are worthy of mention: – the tethyan character of the fauna from the Gradata to the Meneghinii Zones; this differentiation starts with the occurrence of Collina, Crassiceras and Furloceras of the Gradata Zone; – the succession of Osperleioceras, with the connection between the “caussenardes”(O. reynesi, O. authelini) forms and those from Algeria (O. nadorense, O. matteii), which is placed at the beginning of the Aalensis Zone; – the succession of Hammatoceratinae: H. roubanense (Gradata Z.), H. bonarellii (Bonarellii Z.), H. speciosum (Speciosum Sub-zone), followed by Crestaites meneghinii (Reynesi Sub-zone and Meneghinii Z.); Pseudaptetoceras appear next (Aalensis Zone). The dynamic evolution of the sector is characterized by the persistence of marly sedimentation during the Meneghinii Zone, in probable relation to the paleostructural play of the Arunca-Montemor meridian axis

Palaeoenvironmental significance of Toarcian black shales and event deposits from southern Beaujolais, France

New sedimentological, biostratigraphical and geochemical data recording the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) are reported from a marginal marine succession in southern Beaujolais, France. The serpentinum and bifrons ammonite zones record black shales with high (1-10 wt%) total organic carbon contents (TOC) and dysoxia-tolerant benthic fauna typical of the ‘Schistes Carton' facies well documented in contemporaneous nearby basins. The base of the serpentinum ammonite zone, however, differs from coeval strata of most adjacent basinal series in that it presents several massive storm beds particularly enriched in juvenile ammonites and the dysoxia-tolerant, miniaturized gastropod Coelodiscus. This storm-dominated interval records a marked negative 5‰ carbonate and organic carbon isotope excursion being time-equivalent with that recording storm- and mass flow-deposits in sections of the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal, pointing to the existence of a major tempestite/turbidite event over tropical areas during the T-OAE. Although several explanations remain possible at present, we favour climatically induced changes in platform morphology and storm activity as the main drivers of these sedimentological features. In addition, we show that recent weathering, most probably due to infiltration of O2-rich meteoric water, resulted in the preferential removal of 12C-enriched organic carbon, dramatic TOC loss and total destruction of the lamination of the black shale sequence over most of the studied exposure. These latter observations imply that extreme caution should be applied when interpreting the palaeoenvironmental significance of sediments lacking TOC enrichment and lamination from outcrops with limited surface exposure

Benefits of adapting to sea level rise : the importance of ecosystem services in the French Mediterranean sandy coastline

This article proposes an innovative approach to assess the benefits of adapting to sea level rise (SLR) in a coastal area on a regional scale. The valuation framework integrates coastal ecosystem services, together with urban and agricultural assets. We simulate the impacts of a progressive 1 m rise in sea level in the twenty-first century and an extreme flooding event in 2100 for four contrasted adaptation scenarios (Denial, “Laissez-faire”, Protection and Retreat). The assessment involves coupling the results of hazard-modelling approaches with different economic valuation methods, including direct damage functions and methods used in environmental economics. The framework is applied to the French Mediterranean sandy coastline. SLR will result in major land-use changes at the 2100 time horizon: relocation or densification of urban areas, loss of agricultural land, increase in lagoon areas and modification of wetlands (losses, migration or extension of ecosystems). Total benefits of public adaptation options planned in advance could reach €31.2 billion for the period 2010–2100, i.e. €69,000 per inhabitant (in the study area) in 2010 or €135 million/km of coastline. Our results highlight the importance of (i) raising awareness to ensure that public services and coastal managers can anticipate the consequences of SLR and (ii) incorporating coastal ecosystems into the assessment of the adaptation options. Our findings could provide a basis for participatory foresight approaches to build coastline adaptation pathways.PostprintPeer reviewe