Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defenses Induced by Physical Exercise

This chapter intends to present the physiological and biochemical mechanisms by which exercise induces the appearance of oxidative stress, as well as the characteristics of the physical exercise that involve the appearance of oxidative stress in the human organism

Cambios en el modelo de desarrollo económico y creación de empresas : el emprendedor como factor clave del proceso de cambio

El presente trabajo se centra en analizar el papel de la creación de empresas en los cambios producidos en el modelo económico de desarrollo regional. Este objetivo resulta de gran interés si consideramos que durante los últimos años, en el entorno de la UE, hemos asistido a un proceso de cambio desde un modelo económico en el que predominaban los factores de capital y trabajo no cualificado como fuentes de ventajas competitivas, a otro en donde surgen nuevos recursos competitivos como el capital emprendedor. En este contexto, la figura del emprendedor resulta clave para entender el éxito en este proceso de reestructuración y en la configuración de las nuevas empresas como generadoras de riqueza y [email protected]

“Indagación y cuestionamiento: herramientas clave para el aprendizaje”

Educational institutions from primary basic education have the responsibility to educate students to understand and transform your knowledge into real learning. The accom- paniment of teachers must be deal to establish a connection between curriculum and reality. This way you can take the development of the investigative culture as a trans- versal axis of the knowledge. The teaching strategies that implement in their pedagogi- cal practices must respond to specific needs, based on flexibility and adaptability to any level or area of knowledge, as well as any educational context. Therefore the problem of research is deal towards identification of elements of the stra- tegies employed by teachers to promote and develop the research culture of students in the third grade of primary basic education from Columbus American School in Rivera (Huila). It takes into account the Pedagogical Practices as a diagnosis in the areas of Spanish, social sciences, natural sciences and mathematics. Subsequently it describes places where conducted study, research background, objectives which oriented the research and its respective methodology as well as the results obtained. Investigative skills are seen as tools for improving student performance. It  constitutes the methodological basis to reach a research culture contextualized, contributing to the strengthening of the investigative spirit of learners, which develop their scientific skills through the application of pedagogical processes inherent in the practices of teachers in the classroom.Las Instituciones Educativas desde la Educación de Básica Primaria tienen la responsabilidad de formar a sus estudiantes para que comprendan y transformen sus conocimientos en verdaderos aprendizajes. El acompañamiento de docentes, debe estar orientado a establecer una conexión entre el currículo y la realidad, por lo que se puede tomar el desarrollo de la cultura investigativa como eje transversal del conocimiento, las estrategias didácticas que implementan en sus prácticas pedagógicas deben responder a necesidades específicas, fundamentándose en flexibilidad y adaptabilidad a cualquier grado y área del conocimiento, así como a cualquier contexto educativo. Para ello, se aborda el problema de investigación que permite establecer elementos para identificar las estrategias que emplean los docentes para fomentar y desarrollar la cultura investigativa de los estudiantes del grado tercero de educación básica primaria del Colombus American School del municipio de Rivera (Huila),  tomando como diag- nóstico las PP de los docentes de las áreas de Lengua Castellana, Ciencias Sociales, Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas. Posteriormente se describen los escenarios donde se llevó a cabo el estudio, los antecedentes investigativos, los objetivos que orientaron la investigación y su respectiva metodología así como los resultados obtenidos. Las habilidades investigativas, vistas como herramientas para el mejoramiento del des- empeño estudiantil, constituyen la base metodológica para llegar a una cultura investi- gativa contextualizada, contribuyendo al fortalecimiento del espíritu investigativo de los educandos, los cuales desarrollan sus competencias científicas mediante la aplicación de procesos pedagógicos inherentes a las prácticas de los docentes en el aula

Cadmium in white lupin nodules: Impact on nitrogen and carbon metabolism

This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Plant Physiology. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Plant Physiology, 170, 3, (2013) DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2012.10.001The aims of this work were to investigate the microlocalisation of cadmium (Cd) in Lupinus albus L. cv. Multolupa nodules, and to determine its effects on carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Nodulated white lupin plants were grown in a growth chamber with or without Cd (150μM). Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis showed the walls of the outer nodule cortex cells to be the main area of Cd retention, helping to reduce the harmful effect Cd might have on the amount of N2 fixed by the bacteroids. Sucrose synthase activity declined by 33% in the nodules of the Cd-treated plants, and smaller reductions were recorded in glutamine synthetase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline invertase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activities. The Cd treatment also sharply reduced nodule concentrations of malate, succinate and citrate, while that of starch doubled, but that of sucrose experienced no significant change. In summary, the present results show that white lupins accumulate significant amounts of Cd in their root nodules. However, the activity of some enzymes involved in ammonium assimilation did decline, promoting a reduction in the plant N content. The downregulation of sucrose synthase limits the availability of carbon to the bacteroids, which might interfere with their respiration. Carbon metabolism therefore plays a primary role in the impaired function of the white lupin root nodule caused by Cd, while N metabolism appears to have a more secondary involvementFunding was provided by the Spanish MCyT (project CTM2010-21922-C02-02) and by the Autonomous Community of Madrid (project S2009/AMB-1478

Vitamin B12 as a carrier for targeted platinum delivery: in vitro cytotoxicity and mechanistic studies

It is attractive to use vitamin B12 as a carrier for targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents such as platinum complexes owing to the high demand for vitamin B12 by fast proliferating cells. The basic {B12-CN-PtII} conjugates are recognized by intracellular enzymes and converted to coenzyme B12 in an enzymatic adenosylation assay. The reductive adenosylation of {B12-CN-PtII} conjugates leads to the release of the PtII complexes; thus, {B12-CN-PtII} conjugates can be considered as prodrugs. It is important not only to elucidate the activity of the cisplatin-B12 conjugates, but also to understand the mode of action on a molecular level. Chemical reduction of {B12-CN-PtII} conjugates with cobaltocene yielded cob(II)alamin and induced release of the corresponding PtII species. Kurnakov tests and coordination of 2′-deoxyguanosine or GMP to the released PtII complexes allowed isolation and characterization of PtII complexes as released during enzymatic adenosylation. The biological activity of these PtII complexes was evaluated. Since the cleaved PtII complexes show cytotoxicity, the {B12-CN-PtII} conjugates can be used for specific targeting of cancer cells and therapeutic drug delivery. Preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity studies indicated lower activity (IC50 between 8 and 88μM) than found for pure cisplatin. Since active transport and receptor-mediated uptake limits the intracellular {B12-CN-PtII} concentration, comparison with pure cisplatin is of limited use. We could show that the PtII complexes cleaved from B12 exerted a cytotoxicity comparable to that of cisplatin itself. Cytotoxicity studies in vitamin B12 free media showed a dependence on the addition of transcobalamin II for B12-Pt(II) conjugate

Estrategias metodológicas para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de hábitos de vida saludable con niños del nivel inicial

El objetivo de este trabajo es resaltar la relevancia de los hábitos y rutinas de estudio en el ámbito familiar, así como la posibilidad de desarrollar planes de mejora en el aula. Para ello, se diseñaron diferentes instrumentos (cuestionarios y fichas de registro) para medir y evaluar la forma en que los alumnos aprendían determinados hábitos (relacionados con la alimentación, la higiene, el juego, el comportamiento ciudadano y la autonomía personal, etc.) en las clases de Educación Primaria. Entre marzo de 2018 y octubre de 2018, incluido el curso académico, se analizó el comportamiento de los alumnos y se dispusieron talleres y dinámicas de trabajo en el aula para reforzar estos hábitos. Los resultados obtenidos sustentan la afirmación de que el núcleo familiar juega un papel trascendente en el aprendizaje de ciertas rutinas, hábitos y normas y que estos roles pueden y deben consolidarse en el aula a través de acciones pedagógicas dirigidas por el equipo docente. En resumen, expresan la creencia de que los profesionales de la escuela trabajan juntos en una tarea difícil que involucra a los padres adultos

Familia y educación [Recurso electrónico] ] : guía práctica para escuelas de padres y madres eficaces

Datos tomados de la etiqueta del disc

Preovulatory LH surge of Rasa Aragonesa ewes carrying or not the FecXR allele (ROA®)

La presencia del alelo FecXR en heterocigosis produce un incremento de la tasa de ovulación y prolificidad, así como una mayor respuesta a la eCG. Sin embargo, todavía se desconocen sus posibles efectos sobre la descarga preovulatoria de LH, lo cual es esencial para realizar la inseminación artificial en el momento óptimo. Con este objetivo, se extrajeron muestras sanguíneas a intervalos de 4-6 horas durante las 72 horas siguientes a la retirada de una esponja (FGA, 30 mg), de 50 ovejas adultas agrupadas en 5 lotes en función de su genotipo (R+ y ++; portadoras y no portadoras) y tratamiento hormonal (sin eCG, 240 ó 480 UI). Las concentraciones de LH se analizaron mediante un kit comercial ELISA. No se observó ninguna diferencia significativa en el pico preovulatorio de LH entre ovejas R+ y ++. La eCG adelantó la descarga preovulatoria de LH en ambos genotipos, sin diferencias entre ovejas R+ tratadas con 240 ó 480 UI. Estos resultados demuestran que la presencia de FecXR no afecta al pico preovulatorio de LH, independientemente de la dosis utilizada. Por lo tanto, la dosis de eCG que se aplique a las ovejas R+ estará en función de las necesidades y posibilidades de la explotación para asumir una mayor prolificidad y multiplicidad de partos. En las ovejas ++ tratadas con eCG se recomienda seguir inseminando a las 54 ± 1 horas de retirar las esponjas, como se hace habitualmente, ya que se observó una buena sincronización del pico preovulatorio de LH a las 37 horasThe presence of the FecXR allele in heterozygosity (R+) increases ovulation rate and prolificacy in Rasa Aragonesa ewes, and leads to a greater response to eCG. However, their potential effects on preovulatory LH surge are still unknown, which is essential to establish the optimum time for artificial insemination. With this aim, blood samples were taken at 4-6 hours intervals during 72 hours after the removal of a 30 mg FGA sponge, from 50 adult ewes divided in 5 groups depending on their genotype (R+ and ++; carriers and non-carriers) and hormonal treatment (without eCG, 240 or 480 IU). The LH concentrations were analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit. There was no significant difference on the time of the preovulatory LH surge between R+ and ++ ewes. Treatment with eCG significantly advanced the preovulatory LH discharge in both genotypes, with no difference between R+ ewes treated with 240 or 480 IU. These results demonstrate that the presence of the FecXR allele did not affect the preovulatory LH surge, regardless of eCG dose. Therefore, the dose of eCG that should be applied to R+ ewes could be a decision of the farmer depending on the needs and possibilities of the farm to manage greater prolificacy and multiple births. In ++ ewes treated with eCG it is recommended to continue with the established protocol and inseminate 54 ± 1 hours after sponge withdrawal, as it is usually done, since a good synchronization of the preovulatory LH peak was observed at 37 hoursinseminación artificialprolificidadBMP15eCGraza Rasa aragonesaovulaciónPMSGPublishedPremio Prensa Agraria 2013 otorgado por A.I.D.A

Modeling for Metabonomic Fingerprint Assignment in Olive Fruits

Metabonomics has been recently applied to a variety of studies in the agri-food field, mainly focused on adulteration identification and cultivar or geographical origin assessment. One-dimensional HR-NMR spectrum was acquired using a standard 1D pulse sequence (NOESYPRESAT) with water peak suppression. Two-dimension correlation spectroscopy analyses, 1H-1H 2D experiments (COSY90), were performed. ACD/LABS 8.00 software package was used to obtain simulated spectra from main components in olive, and minor components including those responsible for antioxidant characteristic and aromatics. The application of multivariate statistical techniques to a large HR-NMR spectra data base is the next ste

Detection of seeds in citrus using MRI under motion conditions and improvement with motion correction

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is studied under an online strategy. Axial FLASH images (780 ms acquisition time) have been analyzed to identify seed-containing oranges conveyed at 50 and 100 mm/s through a 4.7 Tesla spectrometer. Developed algorithms enable an automated identification of oranges with more than one seed, though axial images under motion conditions suffer from significant blurring artifacts. To overcome this hindrance, coronal FLASH images have been acquired (279 ms acquisition time), developing devoted algorithms for motion correction with encouraging results for quality improvement of dynamic image