Encrucijada entre literatura, cultura, lingüística y cognición: Metáforas de Life is a Journey y The Divided-Self en cuentos de hadas

This paper resumes the series related to metaphors in fairy tales started by HERRERO in 2005 (cf. HERRERO, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008). In this case, the study is based on how the conceptual metaphors LIFE IS A JOURNEY and THE DIVIDED-SELF may explain the structure and the basic meaning of more than twenty popular tales, which in turn accounts for some of the uncanny of tales. The tales, which are representative of various cultures, were compiled by the British author Andrew Lang (1844-1912), and have been downloaded from the Project Gutenberg online library. Our research also casts some light on the fact that tales are akin in varying socio-cultural contexts: their solid experiential grounding may not only have contributed to a uniform plot, but also to an easier transmission of the stories in diverse, remote settings. Este artículo continúa la serie relacionada con las metáforas en los cuentos tradicionales comenzada por HERRERO en 2005 (véase HERRERO, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008). En este caso el estudio se centra en cómo a través de las metáforas conceptuales LIFE IS A JOURNEY y THE DIVIDED-SELF se puede explicar la estructura y el significado de más de veinte cuentos populares, lo que a su vez da cuenta de parte de “lo maravilloso” que se da en ellos. Los cuentos, representativos de varias culturas, fueron recopilados por el autor británico Andrew Lang (1844-1912) y han sido extraídos del Proyecto Gutenberg. Nuestra investigación apoya además la idea de que los cuentos son similares en contextos socioculturales diferentes: el hecho de que estén firmemente basados en la experiencia puede haber contribuido tanto a que sus argumentos sean parecidos como a que se hayan transmitido fácilmente en entornos lejanos y diversos

Extensions of groups

A study of extensions of groups: given 2 groups G and K, I study the groups E that have K as a normal subgroup such that G = E/K. It is related with exact sequences and group cohomology

The Role of Metaphor and Metonymy as Tools of Lexical Creation: The Case of Spanish Informal Speech

In the Cognitive Linguistics paradigm it is well known that conceptual metaphor and metonymy, among their various functions, are two important tools of lexical creation. Nevertheless, the literature on the topic is almost exclusively concerned with the analysis of well-established and formal varieties of language to the detriment of informal speech. This paper attempts to fill this void by describing some current informal speech expressions in Spanish which may be considered the result of these two cognitive operations; additionally, whenever possible, we offer their English counterparts. We thus explore the way in which these analytic tools play a crucial role in the proper understanding of expressions such as .“estoy de bajón.” (UNHAPPY IS DOWN), .“vas ciego esta noche.” (KNOWLEDGE IS VISION), .“ya vienen los pitufos.” (COLOUR OF UNIFORM FOR POLICEMAN), .“esa chica está cañón.” (BEING ATTRACTIVE IS HAVING PHYSICAL FORCE), etc. The expressions under consideration have been mainly obtained on the basis of Google searches and from Spanish newspapers. En el paradigma de la Lingüística Cognitiva es bien sabido que tanto la metáfora como la metonimia son, entre sus varias funciones, importantes mecanismos de creación léxica. Sin embargo, los estudios llevados a cabo sobre el tema se centran esencialmente en el análisis de variedades lingüísticas formales y bien asentadas, relegando a un segundo plano el lenguaje informal. Con el fin de llenar este vacío, el presente artículo analiza algunas expresiones de la lengua española informal que pueden ser consideradas fruto de estas operaciones mentales; además, siempre que sea factible, incluimos los equivalentes en inglés. Para ello, exploraremos cómo estas herramientas analíticas juegan un papel crucial en la correcta comprensión de varias expresiones como .“estoy de bajón.” (UNHAPPY IS DOWN), .“vas ciego esta noche.” (KNOWLEDGE IS VISION), .“ya vienen los pitufos.” (COLOUR OF UNIFORM FOR POLICEMAN), .“esa chica está cañón.” (BEING ATTRACTIVE IS HAVING PHYSICAL FORCE), etc. Los ejemplos han sido extraídos de diversos periódicos españoles y de búsquedas en Google

Optimal coordinated motions for two square robots

We find the coordinated motion for two square robots that minimizes the sum of the length of the path of every robot, for every initial and final positions of both robots. We study it in an obstacle-free plane, so the unique constraint is that the robots can not collide

La segunda vida de Rafiq Hariri

Las movilizaciones que siguieron al atentado que costó la vida al ex- Primer Ministro libanés Rafiq Hariri el 14 de febrero de 2005 se vertebraron alrededor de la exaltación del político que había dominado la escena oficial nacional de la posguerra, dentro de un ambiente de fascinación iconográfica y de elogio fúnebre llevados hasta la exageración, en abierto contraste con las críticas de las que tanto persona como legado habían sido objeto hasta el momento de su asesinato. La máquina mediática y el complejo económico Hariri favorecieron el proceso de santificación del multimillonario de Saida y de su entorno, exonerándolo de sus responsabilidades a lo largo de diez años al frente del poder ejecutivo y rescribiendo así la historia reciente de Líbano para presentarlo como figura central en la lucha por la salvación del país y, con su sacrificio, padre de una segunda independencia. Aquí vamos a examinar en primer lugar las diferentes legitimaciones que, movilizadas en el proceso de glorificación, constituyeron un complejo conglomerado de adulación que confundía al mismo tiempo y a diferentes niveles las tres fuentes de legitimidad descritas por Max Weber. Después, se analizará el papel de los distintos actores políticos y sociales dentro del movimiento, para establecer con qué objetivo participó cada uno de ellos y para preguntarnos hasta qué punto conseguirá esta construcción mítica solidificarse dentro de la historia y de la memoria nacionalesThe mobilizations that followed the attack that killed the former Lebanese Prime minister Rafiq Hariri on February, 14th of 2005 were organized around the exaltation of the politician who had dominated the national official scene of the postwar period, within an iconographical fascination atmosphere and funeral praise until the exaggeration, in opened contrast with the critics that his figure and legacy had been objet until the moment of their murder. The mediatic machine and the Hariri’s economic group favored the process of sanctification of Saida’s multimillionaire and its surroundings, exonerating him from their responsibilities throughout ten years at the front of the executive authority and writing again the recent history of Lebanon to present him as central figure in the fight of the country salvation and, with their sacrifice, father of the second independence. Here we will examine in the first place the different legitimations that, mobilized in the glorification process, constituted a conglomerated complex of flattery that confused at the same time and at different levels the three sources of legitimacy described by Max Weber. Later, the rol of the different political and social actors will be analyzed within the movement, to establish whereupon objective each one participated and to ask to what extent this mythical construction will be able to solidify itself within national history and memor

RanBP2-Mediated SUMOylation Promotes Human DNA Polymerase Lambda Nuclear Localization and DNA Repair

Cellular DNA is under constant attack by a wide variety of agents, both endogenous and exogenous. To counteract DNA damage, human cells have a large collection of DNA repair factors. Among them, DNA polymerase lambda (Polλ) stands out for its versatility, as it participates in different DNA repair and damage tolerance pathways in which gap-filling DNA synthesis is required. In this work we show that human Polλ is conjugated with Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO) proteins both in vitro and in vivo, with Lys27 being the main target of this covalent modification. Polλ SUMOylation takes place in the nuclear pore complex and is mediated by the E3 ligase RanBP2. This post-translational modification promotes Polλ entry into the nucleus, which is required for its recruitment to DNA lesions and stimulated by DNA damage induction. Our work represents an advance in the knowledge of molecular pathways that regulate cellular localization of human Polλ, which are essential to be able to perform its functions during repair of nuclear DNA, and that might constitute an important point for the modulation of its activity in human cells

Potential of a sunflower seed by-product as animal fat replacer in healthier Frankfurters

Upcycled defatted sunflower seed flour (SUN), a by-product obtained from sunflower oil extraction, was used as an animal fat replacer to develop healthier frankfurters. For that end, animal fat was replaced (~50%) with water and 2% or 4% of SUN. Nutritional composition, technological, structural and sensorial properties were evaluated. SUN incorporation led to a significant increase in protein, minerals (magnesium, potassium, copper and manganese) and a decrease in fat content (~37% less than control with all animal fat). The incorporation of SUN in frankfurters promoted the presence of phenolic compounds. Increasing SUN addition lead to an increasingly (p < 0.05) darker frankfurter colour. Samples with SUN at 4% were firmer than the control according to TPA and sensory analysis results and showed the highest lipid disorder attributed to more lipid interactions in the meat matrix. SUN addition as an animal fat replacer in frankfurters is a feasible strategy to valorise sunflower oil by-products and obtain healthier frankfurters

"Que" con antecedente y función circunstancial

This article deals with the use or relative que with a circumstantial complement of time as an antecedent, and introducing clauses in which the relative, not preceded by a preposition, performs also in the subordinate clause the grammatical function of time adjunct. The adjunct that plays the role of an antecedent can be formed by a prepositional phrase, an adverb or a subordinate clause of time. In these cases, the relative has an adverbial function within the clause that introduces. These uses seem to continue that of undeclinable QUOD in Late Latin, which was used following a noun expressing time, to introduce a clause that indicates simultaneity. Although this type of clauses introduced by que is documented since medieval times, only when the antecedent is a time adverb or certain prepositional phrases its use is accepted in modern normative Spanish, while in other cases, specially if the antecedent is a time clause, there is a trend to reject it in the written linguistic norm, though it is still documented in colloquial speech.Estudiamos en este trabajo el uso del relativo que en aquellos casos en que su antecedente es un complemento circunstancial, especialmente de tiempo, y el relativo, sin ir precedido de preposición, desempeña también en la oración subordinada la función de complemento circunstancial de tiempo. El complemento circunstancial que sirve de antecedente pude estar constituido por un sintagma preposicional, un adverbio o una oración subordinada de tiempo. En estos últimos casos el relativo presenta un valor adverbial dentro de la oración que introduce, y la oración de relativo tiene una función adverbial de carácter apositivo. Estos empleos parecen continuar un empleo del QUOD indeclinable que en latín tardío se usó acompañando a un sustantivo de valor temporal para introducir una oración que indica simultaneidad. Aunque este tipo de oraciones introducidas por que se documentan desde época medieval, solo con un adverbio de tiempo o determinadas construcciones preposicionales como antecedente es uso aceptado en el español normativo moderno, en tanto que en otros casos, y especialmente cuando el antecedente es una oración temporal, tiende a rechazarse en la norma escrita, aunque sigue documentándose en la lengua coloquial

Brand Experience Events to Generate Corporate Image and Reputation

Los eventos se erigen en el ámbito de la comunicación como herramientas de marketing experiencial al generar en el público una sólida interacción con la marca. En este artículo se analizan los eventos más relevantes entre los años 2010 y 2015 que han sido reconocidos en diferentes ediciones de los Premios Evento Plus, como referencia clave en este sector a nivel nacional. Nuestro objetivo es identificar los eventos que fueron premiados en la categoría Gran Premio del Jurado, así como los sectores y características que definen el diseño de los eventos en la estrategia relacional de las organizaciones empresariales.The events are erected in the area of communication and experiential marketing tools to generate in the public a strong interaction with the brand. In this article the most important events between 2010 and 2015, which have been recognized in different editions of the Plus Awards Event as a key reference in this sector at national level are analyzed. Our goal is to identify the events that were awarded in the category Grand Jury Prize as well as the sectors and the design characteristics that define the events in the CRM strategy of business organizations