Breast-feeding as protective factor against bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Breast-feeding is associated with fewer comorbidities in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) of VLBW infants is a multifactorial pathology in which nutritional aspects may be of special importance. The aim of this study is to determine, in a cohort of VLBW infants, whether breast milk nutrition is associated with a reduced prevalence and severity of BPD. A retrospective study was conducted to record the intake of mother's own milk (MOM), pasteurised donor human milk or preterm formula milk in the first 2 weeks of postnatal life of 566 VLBW newborns at our hospital during the period January 2008-December 2021. After applying the relevant exclusion criteria, data for 489 VLBW infants were analysed; 195 developed some degree of BPD. Moderate or severe BPD is associated with less weight gain. Moreover, the preferential ingestion of breast milk in the first and second postnatal weeks had effects associated with lower OR for BPD, which were statistically demonstrable for mild (OR 0·16; 95 % CI 0·03, 0·71) and severe (OR 0·08; 95 % CI 0·009, 0·91) BPD. Breast-feeding during the first weeks of postnatal life is associated with a reduced prevalence of BPD, which is frequently associated with less weight gain as a result of greater respiratory effort with greater energy expenditure

On the SU(2)-Higgs Phase Transition

The properties of the Confinement-Higgs phase transition in the SU(2)-Higgs model with fixed modulus are investigated. We show that the system exhibits a transient behavior up to L=24 along which the order of the phase transition cannot be discerned. To get stronger conclusions about this point, without going to prohibitive large lattice sizes, we have introduced a second (next-to-nearest neighbors) gauge-Higgs coupling, k2. On this extended parameter space we find a line of phase transitions which become increasely weaker as k2 tends to 0. The results point to a first order character for the transition with the standard action (k2 = 0).Comment: Replaced with revised version, some minor changes added. Accepted for publication in Nuc. Phys.

Conductas de riesgo de deterioro de la integridad cutánea por radiación solar (NANDA diagnóstico 00047) en relación al nivel de conocimiento y actitud sobre fotoprotección en escolares de un Centro Educativo, Huancayo 2018.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir las conductas de riesgo de deterioro de la integridad cutánea por radiación solar (NANDA diagnóstico 00047) en relación al conocimiento y actitud sobre fotoprotección en escolares de un Centro Educativo, Huancayo 2018. El método fue descriptivo, el enfoque fue cuantitativo, el diseño fue correlacional, aplicado, transversal y descriptivo. Población: 2 821 escolares, con muestra proporcional de 339 escolares. Técnica: la encuesta y como instrumento un cuestionario estructurado denominado “Escala de práctica de riesgo de deterioro de la integridad cutánea por radiación solar (NANDA diagnóstico 00047)”, el instrumento presentado por Troya evalúa 15 aspectos relacionados a la fotoprotección, validado por juicio de expertos, la hipótesis fue comprobada mediante análisis de Xi2. Resultados: A la evaluación del total de preguntas sobre las conductas de riesgo de la integridad cutánea por radiación solar (NANDA DIAGNÖSTICO 00047) se observa que el 51.9% presenta un riesgo medio, el 38.1% un riesgo alto y solo el 10% un riesgo bajo de la integridad cutánea por radiación solar. Algunos resultados descriptivos muestran que el 72.3% de los encuestados refiere que el uso de lentes oscuros protege de los rayos solares, el 49% refiere que usa protector solar al estar más de tres horas expuestos al sol, el 35.7% refiere que el uso de agua para mojarse la piel protege contra el cáncer de piel, el 49.6% refiere que el protector solar debe ser con un FP menor de 30, el 31% indican que las personas morenas no requieren usar un protector solar. Se tiene un coeficiente de correlación de 0.601, indicándonos que existe una correlación directa y significativa, entendida como que a menor nivel de conocimiento empeoran las prácticas de riesgo del deterioro de la integridad cutánea. (p<0.01). La relación entre el tipo de actitud y las prácticas de riesgo de la integridad cutánea por xi radiación solar (NANDA diagnóstico 00047) indican una relación significativa, ya que se observa que del 39.5% de escolares con mala actitud, el 23.6% tienen una práctica de riesgo alto sobre la integridad cutánea. (p<0.01). PALABRAS CLAVE: Conductas de riesgo, deterioro de la integridad cutánea, radiación solar, NANDA diagnóstico 00047, conocimiento, actitud, fotoprotección.Tesi

New Method for Simultaneous Determination of Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsin in Vegetable Matrices by SPE-UPLC-MS/MS

Cyanotoxins are a large group of noxious metabolites with different chemical structure and mechanisms of action, with a worldwide distribution, producing effects in animals, humans, and crop plants. When cyanotoxin-contaminated waters are used for the irrigation of edible vegetables, humans can be in contact with these toxins through the food chain. In this work, a method for the simultaneous detection of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), Microcystin-RR (MC-RR), Microcystin-YR (MC-YR), and Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) in lettuce has been optimized and validated, using a dual solid phase extraction (SPE) system for toxin extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for analysis. Results showed linear ranges (5–50 ng g−1 f.w.), low values for limit of detection (LOD) (0.06–0.42 ng g−1 f.w.), and limit of quantification (LOQ) (0.16–0.91 ng g−1 f.w.), acceptable recoveries (41–93%), and %RSDIP values for the four toxins. The method proved to be robust for the three variables tested. Finally, it was successfully applied to detect these cyanotoxins in edible vegetables exposed to cyanobacterial extracts under laboratory conditions, and it could be useful for monitoring these toxins in edible vegetables for better exposure estimation in terms of risk assessment.España MINECO AGL2015-64558-

Optimización de la QoE de un servicio de vídeo streaming en un entorno celular

The rising traffic demand in mobile communications networks, as well as the increase in the number of available services and the expectations of users have led operators to seek new techniques to optimize mobile networks. In this way, traditional optimization techniques, based on improving the quality of service offered to users, have given way to new techniques based on improving the quality of experience (QoE) perceived by users. In this work, a study to improve the QoE perceived by the users in a real time video streaming service from the optimization of the transmission buffer size of the RLC (Radio Link Control) layer is presented. The optimization, which has been carried out in a simulated cellular environment, has been performed for two different system bandwidth values, thus proving the relationship between the quality perceived by the users, the optimal buffer size and the available bandwidth.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

A new roman fish-salting workshop in the Saltes Island (Tinto-Odiel Estuary, SW Spain): La Cascajera and its archaeological and geological context

The southwestern Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula presents an important Roman heritage that includes numerous fish-salting workshops, with an industrial activity that went on for almost a millennium (1st century BC-7th century AD). Nevertheless, a future broad research is still necessary to determine the geologic substratum on which they are based, their palaeoenvironmental evolution, their main economic objectives and the byproducts derived from their activities. This paper is focused on the geology, dating and the archaeological record of La Cascajera, a new site located in the Tinto-Odiel estuary (SW Spain). This new cetaria occupied the northwestern end of La Cascajera ridge (Saltés Island), constituted by sandy, bioclastic deposits of previous washover fans (1st-2th centuries AD). During the main period of activity (middle of 4th century AD-5th century AD), the existence of a certain typology of amphorae as well as the documentation of a shell deposit formed mostly by Glycymeris suggest that this factory was oriented to the production of mixed fish sauces and the handling of edible bivalves. The main features of this deposit (texture, paleontology, taphonomy) could be used to differentiate middens from natural shelly ridges.La costa suratlántica de la Península Ibérica posee un importante legado romano que incluye numerosos talleres halieúticos, con una actividad que se desarrolló durante casi un milenio (siglo I a.C.-siglo VII d.C.). Sin embargo, se precisan nuevas investigaciones que determinen el contexto geológico en el que se desarrollaron, su evolución paleoambiental, sus principales objetivos económicos y los subproductos derivados de sus actividades. Este trabajo se centra en la geología, datación y registro arqueológico de La Cascajera, un nuevo yacimiento localizado en el estuario de los ríos Tinto y Odiel (S.O. de España). Esta nueva cetaria ocupaba el extremo noroccidental de la cresta de La Cascajera (Isla de Saltés), constituida por depósitos bioclásticos arenosos de abanicos de derrame previos (siglos I-II d.C.). Durante su principal periodo de actividad (mitad del siglo IV d.C.-siglo V d.C.), la existencia de una cierta tipología de ánforas así como la existencia de un conchero formado principalmente por Glycymeris sugieren que esta factoría estaba dedicada a la producción de salsas mixtas de pescado y la extracción de bivalvos comestibles. Las principales características de este conchero (textura, paleontología, tafonomía) podrían ser usadas para diferenciar concheros de acumulaciones naturales de conchas.Ministerio de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa de España. Plan Nacional de I+D+i DEATLANTIR II-HAR2017-89154-PJunta de Andalucía-HUM-132, RNM-238 y RNM-29

Utility of CYP2D6 copy number variants as prognostic biomarker in localized anal squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is an infrequent tumor whose treatment has not changed since the 1970s. The aim of this study is the identification of biomarkers allowing personalized treatments and improvement of therapeutic outcomes. Methods: Forty-six paraffin tumor samples from ASCC patients were analyzed by whole-exome sequencing. Copy number variants (CNVs) were identified and their relation to disease-free survival (DFS) was studied and validated in an independent retrospective cohort of 101 ASCC patients from the Multidisciplinary Spanish Digestive Cancer Group (GEMCAD). GEMCAD cohort proteomics allowed assessing the biological features of these tumors. Results: On the discovery cohort, the median age was 61 years old, 50% were males, stages I/II/III: 3 (7%)/16 (35%)/27 (58%), respectively, median DFS was 33 months, and overall survival was 45 months. Twenty-nine genes whose duplication was related to DFS were identified. The most representative was duplications of the CYP2D locus, including CYP2D6, CYP2D7P, and CYP2D8P genes. Patients with CYP2D6 CNV had worse DFS at 5 years than those with two CYP2D6 copies (21% vs. 84%; p <.0002, hazard ratio [HR], 5.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7–24.9). In the GEMCAD validation cohort, patients with CYP2D6 CNV also had worse DFS at 5 years (56% vs. 87%; p =.02, HR = 3.6; 95% CI, 1.1–5.7). Mitochondria and mitochondrial cell-cycle proteins were overexpressed in patients with CYP2D6 CNV. Conclusions: Tumor CYP2D6 CNV identified patients with a significantly worse DFS at 5 years among localized ASCC patients treated with 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin C, and radiotherapy. Proteomics pointed out mitochondria and mitochondrial cell-cycle genes as possible therapeutic targets for these high-risk patients. Plain Language Summary: Anal squamous cell carcinoma is an infrequent tumor whose treatment has not been changed since the 1970s. However, disease-free survival in late staged tumors is between 40% and 70%. The presence of an alteration in the number of copies of CYP2D6 gene is a biomarker of worse disease-free survival. The analysis of the proteins in these high-risk patients pointed out mitochondria and mitochondrial cell-cycle genes as possible therapeutic targets. Therefore, the determination of the number of copies of CYP2D6 allows the identification of anal squamous carcinoma patients with a high-risk of relapse that could be redirected to a clinical trial. Additionally, this study may be useful to suggest new treatment strategies to increase current therapy efficacyIdiPAZ, Grant/Award Number: Jesús Antolín Garciarena Fellowship; European Proteomics Infrastructure Consortium, Grant/Award Number: 823839, Horizon 2020 Programm

Individualized Therapy with Ranibizumab in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Individualized treatment regimens may reduce patient burden with satisfactory patient outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs are the current gold standard. Fixed monthly injections offer the best visual outcome but this regimen is not commonly followed outside clinical trials. A PRN regimen requires monthly visits where the patient is treated in the presence of signs of lesion activity. Therefore, an early detection of reactivation of the disease with immediate retreatment is crucial to prevent visual acuity loss. Several trials suggest that 'treat and extend' and other proactive regimens provide a reasonable approach. The rationale of the proactive regimens is to perform treatment anticipating relapses or recurrences and therefore avoid drops in vision while individualizing patient followup. Treat and extend study results in significant direct medical cost savings from fewer treatments and office visits compared to monthly treatment. Current data suggest that, for one year, PRN is less expensive, but treat and extend regimen would likely be less expensive for subsequent years. Once a patient is not a candidate to continue with treatment, he/she should be sent to an outpatient unit with adequate resources to follow nAMD patients in order to reduce the burden of specialized ophthalmologist services

Real-world persistence of initial targeted therapy strategy in monotherapy versus combination therapy in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis

Objective: The persistence of biologic (b) and targeted synthetic (ts) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs(DMARDs) in monotherapy versus in combination with conventional synthetic (cs) DMARDs is still a controversial topic in rheumatic diseases. To clarify this issue, the retention of the initial treatment strategy of b/tsDMARD in combination with csDMARD versus monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients under real-life conditions was evaluated. Factors associated with maintenance of the initial strategy were analysed. Methods: Nested cohort study within the Spanish BIOBADASER III registry. Bivariate comparisons and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used for the analyses. Results: A total of 2521 patients were included in the study. In the multivariate model, the initial strategy of combination therapy was associated with shorter persistence in patients with RA (hazard ratio [HR] 1.58;95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-2.50; p = .049), PsA (HR 2.48; 95% CI 1.65-3.72) and AS (HR 16.77; 95% CI 7.37-38.16; p < .001), regardless of sex, time of disease progression, baseline disease activity, glucocorticoid use or type of b/tsDMARD. Overall, the combination strategy was associated with an increased incidence of adverse events (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.13; 95% CI 1.05-1.21). Conclusions: In this real-life study, the strategy of combining a b/tsDMARD with a csDMARD is associated with lower persistence and worse safety profile compared to monotherapy in RA and especially in PsA and AS, suggesting that combination therapy should be rethought as first choice in RA patients, but especially in PsA and AS patients.This research is supported by the Research Unit of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology. BIOBADASER is supported by the Spanish Agency of Drugs and Medical Devices (AEMPS), Biogen, Bristol-Myers and Squibb (BMS), Celltrion, Janssen, Lilly, Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD), Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Samsung Bioepis.S