jPET: un generador de casos de prueba sobre programas Java

PET es una herramienta ya existente para la generación de casos de prueba que recibe como entrada un código de bytes de Java y una selección entre los criterios de recubrimiento disponibles y obtiene como salida un conjunto de casos de prueba (test-cases) que garantizan el recubrimiento seleccionado. Puesto que el código de bytes es una representación de bajo nivel del programa, la información inferida por PET es difícilmente interpretable por el usuario. Esto en concreto impide la utilización de PET durante el proceso de desarrollo de software, área en la que el testing tiene un amplio campo de aplicación. El objetivo del presente proyecto es la extensión de PET para su uso sobre programas Java de alto nivel y su integración en el entorno de desarrollo integrado Eclipse, con el objetivo de poder usar los resultados obtenidos por PET durante el proceso de desarrollo de software. El presente proyecto, al que hemos nombrado jPET, hace especial hincapié en el tratamiento posterior de la información generada por PET con el objetivo de presentarla al usuario de una forma fácil de entender. jPET incorpora un visor de casos de prueba (test-case viewer) que puede mostrar el contenido de la memoria antes de la ejecución (heap de entrada) y después de la ejecución de cada caso de prueba (heap de salida). jPET puede mostrar la traza de ejecución de un caso de prueba dado (i.e., la secuencia de instrucciones que el caso de prueba ejecutaría) de dos formas distintas: (1) marcando todas las instrucciones implicadas o (2) permitiendo al usuario reproducir la secuencia de instrucciones paso a paso usando la interfaz de depuración de Eclipse. Por último, puede analizar sintácticamente precondiciones de métodos escritas en JML (Java modeling language) y usarlas para evitar la generación de casos de prueba poco interesantes. Las principales contribuciones del proyecto se han recogido en un artículo titulado Software testing using jPET [2] que tenemos previsto enviarlo próximamente a un congreso internacional. [ABSTRAC] PET is an existing test case generation tool that takes as input a Ja-va bytecode program and a selection of a coverage criteria (among those available in the system) and returns in the output a set of test-cases which ensure the selected coverage. As bytecode is a low-level representation of the program, the information obtained by PET is difficult to interpret by a non-expert user. This particularly prevents the use of PET during software development, an area in which testing has a large application field. The goal of this pr oject is the extension of PET for its use on Java source programs and its integration within the Eclipse integrated development environment with the objective of being able to apply the results obtained by PET during sofware development. This project, named jPET, puts special emphasis on advanced processing of the information generated by PET in order to display it to the user in an easy way to interpret. For this purpose, jPET incorporates a viewer of test cases (test-case viewer) that can display the contents of the memory before execution (heap entry) and after the execution of each test case (heap output). jPET can show the execution trace of a given test case (i.e.,the sequence of instructions that execute the test case) in two ways: (1) by marking all instructions involved or (2) by allowing the user to reproduce the sequence of instructions step by step using the Eclipse debugger interface. Finally, jPET can parse preconditions of methods written in JML (Java Modeling Language) and use them to avoid the generation of test cases which are not interesting. The main contributions of this project have been written in a paper entitled Software testing using jPET [2] that will be submitted soon to an Internacional Conferenc

Litter Windrows in the South-East Coast of the Bay of Biscay: An Ocean Process Enabling Effective Active Fishing for Litter

Large scale convergence regions of floating marine litter are commonly observed in semi-enclosed seas as the Bay of Biscay. However, clean-up activities on such accumulation regions are limited by the spread of the large-size floating litter on the sea surface. Data gathered by a small-scale fishing vessel devoted to active fishing for floating litter activities during the spring and summer of 2018 reveals that the linear streaks of high concentration of floating litter (so-called litter "windrows") are common accumulation structures in the south-east coast of the Bay of Biscay. The random search of litter windrows for their collection through surface tows of macro-nets was proved to be an effective action for floating litter mitigation. A total of 196 tows collected 16.2 tons of floating marine litter in 68 working days. Most of the litter windrows were around 1 km length and, on average, accumulated 77.75 kg of floating marine litter. Fishing, shipping and aquaculture sectors were the source of 35% of the 4,130 litter items analyzed (55% in weight of the sourced items), and plastic was the most common type of material (96% in terms of items). A better understanding of the phenomenon of the litter windrows, capable to guide clean-up efforts in space and time, would provide a considerable improvement in the efficiency of mitigation actions to reduce the marine litter pollution. The observations of litter windrows in the coastal area of the south-east of the Bay of Biscay demonstrate the key role of submesoscale processes in the distribution of FML. The present work provides a thorough description of floating litter windrows in nature, which it was non-existent to date. The results are the kind of proof necessary to boost the research addressed on the submesoscale aggregations of FML. Coupling litter windrows observations with remote-sensing technology and high-resolution modeling techniques offer great opportunities for the mitigation actions against marine litter

Feasibility Study of Freeze Recovery Options in Parabolic Trough Collector Plants Working with Molten Salt as Heat Transfer Fluid

Parabolic trough collector (PTC) technology is currently the most mature solar technology, which has led to the accumulation of relevant operational experience. The overall performance and e ciency of these plants depends on several components, and the heat transfer fluid (HTF) is one of the most important ones. Using molten salts as HTFs has the advantage of being able to work at higher temperatures, but it also has the disadvantage of the potential freezing of the HTF in pipes and components. This paper models and evaluates two methods of freeze recovery, which is needed for this HTF system design: Heat tracing in pipes and components, and impedance melting in the solar field. The model is used to compare the parasitic consumption in three molten salts mixtures, namely Solar Salt, HiTec, and HiTec XL, and the feasibility of this system in a freezing event. After the investigation of each of these subsystems, it was concluded that freeze recovery for a molten salt plant is possible.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades CDTI ITC-2011106Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades RTI2018-093849-B-C3

Chemical classification of new psychoactive substances (NPS)

This work comprehensively reviews some fundamental concepts about drugs, especially focusing on new psychoactive substances (NPS), and their typical classifications based on either their effects (hallucinogens, stimulants or depressants), their origin (natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic), or legal situation (lawful, illicit, or unregulated). These classifications are highly useful in the medicine/legal field, but completely useless for the chemical determination of drugs. Hence, a classification of NPS based on their chemical composition is revised and discussed. This classification seeks to merge those recent and dispersed chemical groupings of NPS found in scientific literature and/or health/drugs reports from World/European/American Institutions facing the illicit use of drugs (WHO, UNODC, EMCDDA, OEDA, DEA, etc.) into a unique general classification, which might be useful for every forensic practitioner/researcher dealing with the identification of new psychoactive substances

Corrosion performance of alloy 800H and alloy 625 for potential use as molten salts solar receiver materials in concentrating solar power tower plants

Two high corrosion resistant super-alloys, alloy 800H and alloy 625, were evaluated for corrosion compatibility with molten nitrate salts at 565 °C under air atmosphere since these super-alloys are possible candidates for the manufacturing of molten salts solar receivers in the CSP tower technology. Both alloys are tested in two different molten nitrate salts grades to identify how the impurities of the final mixture affect to corrosion damage. Accordingly, a technical grade molten nitrate salt (Solar_Salt_T) and refined molten nitrate salt (Solar_Salt_R) are selected as test media. In addition to corrosion rates calculation, techniques such as XRD, EDS, optical and scanning electron microscopy are used to identify the corrosion morphology and oxides layers chemistry. Alloy 800H and alloy 625 show uniform corrosion after testing without detecting localized phenomena such as pitting, stress corrosion cracking, crevice, or intergranular corrosion. While alloy 800H develops a duplex oxide layer consisting of iron oxides in its external part, and chromium oxide in its innermost layer, alloy 625 generates a compact and highly adherent oxide layer consisting mainly of nickel oxide. Corrosion rates decrease with time, being higher for alloys exposed to Solar_Salt_T mixtures. Moreover, alloy 625 shows lower corrosion rates than alloy 800H in all conditions tested in this study.The research leading to these results has received funding from CENIT ConSOLida. This work was partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España (RTI2018-093849-B-C31 - MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE and RTI2018-093849-B-C32 - MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades - Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) (RED2018-102431-T). The authors from University of Lleida and University of Barcelona would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group GREiA (2017 SGR 1537) and research group DIOPMA (2017 SGR 138). GREiA and DIOPMA are certified agents TECNIO in the category of technology developers from the Government of Catalonia. This work is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme

Corrosion performance of alloy 800H and alloy 625 for potential use as molten salts solar receiver materials in concentrating solar power tower plants

Two high corrosion resistant super-alloys, alloy 800H and alloy 625, were evaluated for corrosion compatibility with molten nitrate salts at 565 ◦C under air atmosphere since these super-alloys are possible candidates for the manufacturing of molten salts solar receivers in the CSP tower technology. Both alloys are tested in two different molten nitrate salts grades to identify how the impurities of the final mixture affect to corrosion damage. Accordingly, a technical grade molten nitrate salt (Solar_Salt_T) and refined molten nitrate salt (Solar_Salt_R) are selected as test media. In addition to corrosion rates calculation, techniques such as XRD, EDS, optical and scanning electron microscopy are used to identify the corrosion morphology and oxides layers chemistry. Alloy 800H and alloy 625 show uniform corrosion after testing without detecting localized phenomena such as pitting, stress corrosion cracking, crevice, or intergranular corrosion. While alloy 800H develops a duplex oxide layer consisting of iron oxides in its external part, and chromium oxide in its innermost layer, alloy 625 generates a compact and highly adherent oxide layer consisting mainly of nickel oxide. Corrosion rates decrease with time, being higher for alloys exposed to Solar_Salt_T mixtures. Moreover, alloy 625 shows lower corrosion rates than alloy 800H in all conditions tested in this study.The research leading to these results has received funding from CENIT ConSOLida. This work was partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España (RTI2018-093849-B-C31 - MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE and RTI2018-093849-B-C32 - MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades - Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) (RED2018-102431-T). The authors from University of Lleida and University of Barcelona would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group GREiA (2017 SGR 1537) and research group DIOPMA (2017 SGR 138). GREiA and DIOPMA are certified agents TECNIO in the category of technology developers from the Government of Catalonia. This work is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme

TES-PS10 postmortem tests: Carbon steel corrosion performance exposed to molten salts under relevant operation conditions and lessons learnt for commercial scale-up

Postmortem tests were performed over components removed from the TES-PS10 pilot plant after almost four years of continuous operation being exposed to solar salts under representative commercial operation conditions. Accordingly, corrosion performance of plates sections extracted from both storage tanks and samples cut from the hot molten salts pump were evaluated. Corrosion damage extension, oxides layers morphology, and corrosion products chemistry were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, optical microscopy, and SEM. In addition to materials compatibility with molten salts, mechanical tests were carried out over the storage tanks plates sections. Although the corrosion damage extension over the plates extracted from storage tanks was low and the mechanical properties were according to the standard, some interesting observations were seen. For example, a sample extracted from the hot storage tank and exposed to intermittent contact with molten salts showed some areas characterized by the growth of a non-protective oxide scale. Moreover, localized corrosion with slight penetration through the base material was identified for all storage plates samples under evaluation. On the other hand, the molten salt pump parts under study showed adherent and uniform oxides layers without detecting corrosion-erosion phenomena. Some cavities were found in the discharge elbow, and these imperfections were associated to a bad metallurgical quality during casting. Summarizing, corrosion phenomena suffered by the components under evaluation could be corrected in future plants by applying the lessons learned discussed in this study. As conclusion, materials selection analyzed within this postmortem evaluation is valid from the corrosion point of view to be used in the design of commercial TES systems in PTC plants

Carta pastoral que el ilustrísimo señor Don Juan Cruz Ruiz de Cabañas, Obispo de Leon de Nicaragua dirige a todos los fieles de su Diócesis

CCPB000509607-3Sign.: a-i

Steam-PCM heat exchanger design and materials optimization by using Cr-Mo alloys

A387 Gr 91 Cr-Mo alloy corrosion compatibility with LiOH-KOH mixture was evaluated at 315 °C (Test#1) and 360 °C (Test#2). This alloy is studied for a techno-economical optimization of a steam-PCM heat exchanger proposed in the thermal energy storage (TES) system of a direct steam generation (DSG) facility. The corrosion damage was analyzed with visual inspection, optical microscopy, SEM, EDS and XRD, and corrosion rates were also calculated. A387 Gr 91 alloy generates protective oxide layers over base metal. Localized corrosion damages were not detected with these test conditions, while XRD and EDS profiles showed CrO and LiFeO2 as main corrosion products generated by this alloy. On the other hand, corrosion rates decrease with exposure time showing the passivation of the alloy. A387 Gr 91 corrosion performance was compared with A316L stainless steel, which was preliminary proposed by the authors in previous studies. In addition to corrosion performance, parameters such as cost, thermal properties, and mechanical properties are discussed. In conclusion, the use of A387 Gr 91 instead to A316L alloy for the construction of the steam-PCM heat exchanger involves the techno-economical optimization of the equipment

El comportamiento organizacional y las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera: experiencia en una PYME

El proceso de implementación de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF) es el resultado del dinamismo constante y los nuevos retos a los que se enfrentan las organizaciones. Por ello, el conocimiento del comportamiento organizacional, así como de los aspectos clave en la evaluación de un proyecto tan relevante como es el de implementación de NIIF, permite la identificación de oportunidades de mejora ante la ejecución de cambios futuros en las organizaciones. Un caso particular de análisis del comportamiento organizacional ante la implementación de las NIIF lo constituye la pyme objeto de análisis. Para el estudio, se desarrolla la metodología que permite la aplicación de la “Guía de entrevista y cuestionario para determinar la evolución del proceso de implementación de NIIF en las pymes”. Como resultado de la investigación, se identifican los logros e ineficiencias durante el proceso de implementación de las NIIF para pymes, en relación con la designación y capacitación de los responsables del proyecto, la identificación de impactos, la formulación de políticas contables y la programación, planificación y monitoreo sobre el cumplimiento