Paleoetnología de la Península Ibérica. Reflexiones y perspectivas de futuro

Sin resume

Arqueología: imagen y proyección social

Sin resume

El plan del censo de la provincia de Cádiz de Félix José reinoso (1823)

El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar el plan del censo de la provincia de Cádiz, que en 1823 Félix José Reinoso presentó a la diputación provincial. Dicho plan es algo más que unas normas para la elaboración de un censo poblacional o de viviendas, ya que también propone la forma de efectuar estudios de morbilidad, mortalidad, epidemiales, educativos y económicos, así como la realización de censos electorales, en un tiempo en que dichas operaciones estadísticas no eran frecuentes. Especialmente interesante es la definición de población ocupada y desocupada masculina y las instrucciones que da para su cálculo

Analytical marginalisation over photometric redshift uncertainties in cosmic shear analyses

As the statistical power of imaging surveys grows, it is crucial to account for all systematic uncertainties. This is normally done by constructing a model of these uncertainties and then marginalizing over the additional model parameters. The resulting high dimensionality of the total parameter spaces makes inferring the cosmological parameters significantly more costly using traditional Monte-Carlo sampling methods. A particularly relevant example is the redshift distribution, $p(z)$, of the source samples, which may require tens of parameters to describe fully. However, relatively tight priors can be usually placed on these parameters through calibration of the associated systematics. In this paper we show, quantitatively, that a linearisation of the theoretical prediction with respect to these calibratable systematic parameters allows us to analytically marginalise over these extra parameters, leading to a factor $\sim30$ reduction in the time needed for parameter inference, while accurately recovering the same posterior distributions for the cosmological parameters that would be obtained through a full numerical marginalisation over 160 $p(z)$ parameters. We demonstrate that this is feasible not only with current data and current achievable calibration priors but also for future Stage-IV datasets.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, prepared for submission to MNRAS, comments welcom

LimberJack.jl: auto-differentiable methods for angular power spectra analyses

We present LimberJack.jl, a fully auto-differentiable code for cosmological analyses of 2 point auto- and cross-correlation measurements from galaxy clustering, CMB lensing and weak lensing data written in Julia. Using Julia's auto-differentiation ecosystem, LimberJack.jl can obtain gradients for its outputs up to an order of magnitude faster than traditional finite difference methods. This makes LimberJack.jl greatly synergistic with gradient-based sampling methods, such as Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, capable of efficiently exploring parameter spaces with hundreds of dimensions. We first prove LimberJack.jl's reliability by reanalysing the DES Y1 3$\times$2-point data. We then showcase its capabilities by using a O(100) parameters Gaussian Process to reconstruct the cosmic growth from a combination of DES Y1 galaxy clustering and weak lensing data, eBOSS QSO's, CMB lensing and redshift-space distortions. Our Gaussian process reconstruction of the growth factor is statistically consistent with the $\Lambda$CDM Planck 2018 prediction at all redshifts. Moreover, we show that the addition of RSD data is extremely beneficial to this type of analysis, reducing the uncertainty in the reconstructed growth factor by $20\%$ on average across redshift. LimberJack.jl is a fully open-source project available on Julia's general repository of packages and GitHub.Comment: Prepared for OJA. Fixed minor typos. Comments welcomed

Towards the construction of the digital citizenship. New models of participation and empowerment through Internet

Este trabajo aborda la cuestión de la participación digital de los ciudadanos en las cuestiones públicas como una forma de empoderamiento. Además trata de identificar los factores que favorecen dicha participación. Metodológicamente se han recogido los datos a partir de una encuesta a 1183 usuarios de Internet a los que se ha aplicado un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. Los resultados muestran que para la mitad de la población existe la percepción de que las prácticas digitales en la Red sí empoderan, aunque con matices y que la ciudadanía confía más en la acción colectiva con los pares que en la utilidad que puedan tener sus acciones respecto a las instituciones públicas. Además se observa una considerable participación ciudadana en los asuntos públicos a través de Internet, especialmente entre aquellos que muestran estar más alfabetizados digitalmente y tienen mayores expectativas respecto a esas acciones.This paper focuses on digital participation of citizens in public affairs, as a way of citizen empowerment, and try to identify the factors that promote such participation. Methodologically, data were collected from a survey to 1183 Internet users, and applying a multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that about half of the population perceive that digital practices in the Network empower themselves, but with some nuances. On the other hand, citizens have more confidence in collective action with others like them that in the utility their actions may have with respect to public institutions. In addition a significant citizen participation in public affairs is observed through the Internet, especially among those who prove to be more digitally alphabetized and have higher expectations for these actions.Fac. de Ciencias de la InformaciónTRUEMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad. Ref. CSO2012-30756pu

+Digital citizenship: youth activism on e-petitions platforms

Este trabajo aborda el tema de la participación solidaria de la juventud a través de la firma de e-peticiones en plataformas online. A partir de un cuestionario de elaboración propia a 463 estudiantes universitarios de ambos sexos, se ha tratado de ver si la firma de e-peticiones es una práctica generalizada o no entre las/os jóvenes, cuáles son las motivaciones a la hora de firmar y si se trata de un comportamiento de clickactivismo o hay una implicación más comprometida. Los resultados muestran que la firma de e-peticiones es una forma de participación social bastante extendida, sin diferencias en cuanto a género, aunque las/os jóvenes no se identifican plenamente con ella. Se muestran idealistas y altruistas a la hora de firmar, aunque desconfían de que tenga mucha repercusión social y sirva para cambiar la realidad. La proximidad psicológica y emocional de las causas que firman es lo que les motiva a apoyar unas causas u otras. El perfil de estos/as jóvenes que firman e-peticiones se caracteriza por una autopercepción de personas más comprometidas socialmente que los que no suelen firmar, con un posicionamiento ideológico algo más a la izquierda y por canalizar su activismo social principalmente a través de la Red.This work addresses the issue of youth solidarity participation through the signing of e-petitions on online platforms. From a questionnaire of own elaboration to 463 university students of both sexes, it has been tried to prove if the signing of e-petitions is a generalized practice or not among young people, what are the motivations when they sign the e-petitions and if it is a clickactivism behavior or there is a more committed involvement. The results show that e-petition signing is a widespread form of social participation, with no gender differences, although young people do not fully identify with it. They are idealistic and altruistic when they sign, although they doubt that it has a lot of social repercussion and serves to change the world. The psychological and emotional proximity of the causes they sign is what motivates them to support some causes or others. The profile of these young people who sign e-petitions is characterized by a self-perception of more socially committed than those who do not usually sign, with a more left-wing ideological tendency and for exhibiting their social activism mainly through the Internet.Unidad Deptal. de Sociología: Metodología y TeoríaFac. de Ciencias de la InformaciónTRUEpu

VETTONIA PROJECT: A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT FOR THE EDUCATIONAL DISSEMINATION OF THE IRON AGE

The VETTONIA project aims to disseminate the rich heritage from the Iron Age of the western Iberian Peninsula and the archaeological investigations carried out on this topic in recent years. The project utilizes new technologies such as virtual tours, 3D models, and impressions to create interactive and stimulating ways to access the results of the most recent archaeological research. Using these resources, lectures and seminars are being given in various forums with diverse types of audiences to present the virtual tours and the rest of the dissemination initiatives. In addition, the project presents its different initiatives during the annual archaeological interventions developed in the oppidum of Ulaca (Solosancho, Ávila, Spain), with good reception by the attending public. The VETTONIA project represents a pioneering dissemination experience that takes advantage of the educational opportunities offered by new technologies. In the future, tools such as virtual tours to archaeological sites may prove essential in classroom teaching at different levels and could promote sustainable tourism in fragile natural environments such as those that constitute the major settlements of the Late Iron Age (ca. 400–50 BC)

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs

Context. The CARMENES instrument, installed at the 3.5 m telescope of the Calar Alto Observatory in Almería, Spain, was conceived to deliver high-accuracy radial velocity (RV) measurements with long-term stability to search for temperate rocky planets around a sample of nearby cool stars. Moreover, the broad wavelength coverage was designed to provide a range of stellar activity indicators to assess the nature of potential RV signals and to provide valuable spectral information to help characterise the stellar targets. Aims: We describe the CARMENES guaranteed time observations (GTO), spanning from 2016 to 2020, during which 19 633 spectra for a sample of 362 targets were collected. We present the CARMENES Data Release 1 (DR1), which makes public all observations obtained during the GTO of the CARMENES survey. Methods: The CARMENES survey target selection was aimed at minimising biases, and about 70% of all known M dwarfs within 10 pc and accessible from Calar Alto were included. The data were pipeline-processed, and high-level data products, including 18 642 precise RVs for 345 targets, were derived. Time series data of spectroscopic activity indicators were also obtained. Results: We discuss the characteristics of the CARMENES data, the statistical properties of the stellar sample, and the spectroscopic measurements. We show examples of the use of CARMENES data and provide a contextual view of the exoplanet population revealed by the survey, including 33 new planets, 17 re-analysed planets, and 26 confirmed planets from transiting candidate follow-up. A subsample of 238 targets was used to derive updated planet occurrence rates, yielding an overall average of 1.44 ± 0.20 planets with 1 M⊕ < Mpl sin i < 1000 M⊕ and 1 day < Porb < 1000 days per star, and indicating that nearly every M dwarf hosts at least one planet. All the DR1 raw data, pipeline-processed data, and high-level data products are publicly available online. Conclusions: CARMENES data have proven very useful for identifying and measuring planetary companions. They are also suitable for a variety of additional applications, such as the determination of stellar fundamental and atmospheric properties, the characterisation of stellar activity, and the study of exoplanet atmospheres

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs High-resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of 324 survey stars

The CARMENES radial velocity (RV) survey is observing 324 M dwarfs to search for any orbiting planets. In this paper, we present the survey sample by publishing one CARMENES spectrum for each M dwarf. These spectra cover the wavelength range 520–1710 nm at a resolution of at least R >80 000, and we measure its RV, Hα emission, and projected rotation velocity. We present an atlas of high-resolution M-dwarf spectra and compare the spectra to atmospheric models. To quantify the RV precision that can be achieved in low-mass stars over the CARMENES wavelength range, we analyze our empirical information on the RV precision from more than 6500 observations. We compare our high-resolution M-dwarf spectra to atmospheric models where we determine the spectroscopic RV information content, Q, and signal-to-noise ratio. We find that for all M-type dwarfs, the highest RV precision can be reached in the wavelength range 700–900 nm. Observations at longer wavelengths are equally precise only at the very latest spectral types (M8 and M9). We demonstrate that in this spectroscopic range, the large amount of absorption features compensates for the intrinsic faintness of an M7 star. To reach an RV precision of 1 m s−1 in very low mass M dwarfs at longer wavelengths likely requires the use of a 10 m class telescope. For spectral types M6 and earlier, the combination of a red visual and a near-infrared spectrograph is ideal to search for low-mass planets and to distinguish between planets and stellar variability. At a 4 m class telescope, an instrument like CARMENES has the potential to push the RV precision well below the typical jitter level of 3–4 m s−1