Processos metodológicos para o estudo da caminhabilidade em Cachoeira do Sul mediante a técnica Best-Worst Scaling

Cities increasingly face problems in urban mobility. Studies on the influence of transport to promote quality of life serve as important tools for decision-making regaring urban planning. In this context, studies to identify the characteristics to design a walkable city are supporting tools in building more sustainable, safer, healtier, more accessible and livable urban environment. This paper aims to present the methodological procedures taken to elaborate the necessary instruments to the future application of the Best Worst Scaling technique, which in the walkablity study allows the determination of the most important characteristics to promote walking as transport. Among the methodological steps presented in this paper are the geospatial distribution methods and neighborhoods characterization in Cachoeira do Sul, a mid-sized city in Brazilian, sample stratification and calculation, variables included in the analysis, data collection, design and application of the walkability surveysAs cidades enfrentam cada vez mais problemas na mobilidade urbana, estudos sobre a influência dos transportes na promoção da qualidade de vida servem como importantes instrumentos para tomadores de decisão para o planejamento urbano. Neste contexto, pesquisas para a identificação de características que tornam uma cidade mais caminhável são ferramentas auxiliares na projeção de ambientes mais sustentáveis, seguros, saudáveis, acessíveis e agradáveis. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os processos metodológicos utilizados para a elaboração do instrumento de pesquisa necessário para a futura aplicação da técnica best-worst scaling que, no estudo da caminhabilidade (em inglês walkability), permite a determinação das características mais importantes para a promoção da caminhada no caso de uma cidade brasileira, interiorizada, de porte médio. Entre as etapas metodológicas apresentadas se encontram: os métodos de distribuição geoespacial e caracterização dos bairros da cidade de estudo, estratificação da amostra e cálculo amostral, variáveis consideradas para análise, coleta de dados e estruturação do questionário de caminhabilidade

Use of the pallet in the construction of parklet promoting sustainable urban mobility in Cachoeira do Sul-RS

O uso de veículos contribui para o aumento da poluição atmosférica devido aos gases gerados pela combustão. Para minimizar esses impactos, nos últimos anos, houve um aumento de pesquisas e ações como forma de incentivo à mobilidade urbana mais sustentável. Dentro deste contexto, uma das propostas é a construção de parklets no lugar dos estacionamentos de veículos. Isso, além de proporcionar um ambiente acolhedor, estimula os motoristas a usarem o transporte público, uma vez que as vagas para veículos leves são diminuídas. Para a construção de parklets, o uso ou reciclagem do palete mostra-se como uma boa alternativa. Este trabalho tem por objetivo conhecer os tipos de paletes disponíveis em Cachoeira de Sul-RS e sua viabilidade para construção de parklet. Por fim, concluiu-se a aplicabilidade do uso de palete de madeira PBR em duas vagas de estacionamentos em uma via do município.The use of vehicles contributes to the increase in air pollution due to the gases generated by combustion. In order to minimize these impacts, in recent years, there has been an increase in research and actions as a way of encouraging more sustainable urban mobility. Within this context, one of the proposals is the construction of parklets instead of car parks. This, in addition to providing a welcoming environment, encourages the drivers to use public transport, since spaces for light vehicles are reduced. For the construction of parklets, the use or recycling of the pallet is a good alternative. This work aims to know the types of pallets available in Cachoeira de Sul-RS and their feasibility for parklet manufacture. Finally, it was concluded the applicability of the use of PBR wooden pallet in two parking spaces on a street in the municipality

Barreiras para caminhar e pedalar: impedimentos do transporte por modos ativos dos estudantes de Cachoeira do Sul

One of the greatest challenges on mobility nowadays is to promote the use sustainable modes of transportation for the population of urban areas. This paper aims to map the main barriers reported by high school students to the use of active modes (walking and cycling) in the city of Cachoeira do Sul, in Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected through the application of a survey on a sample of city students and were analyzed using discrete choice model logit binomial. Aspects such as security and road safety, as well as distance between origins and destinations presented positive impacts on active transport use. Conclusions can contribute for planning safer and more attractive road environments for the active modes. Results are valid for the surveyed city and also for other small cities with similar urban mobility and urban development standards.Um dos grandes desafios da atualidade é promover o deslocamento da população em áreas urbanas através de modos sustentáveis de transporte. Este trabalho objetiva mapear as principais barreiras para a utilização de modos ativos (a pé e bicicleta) relatados por estudantes de ensino médio da cidade de Cachoeira do Sul, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados através da aplicação de um questionário a uma amostra de alunos da cidade e foram analisados por um modelo de escolha discreta logit binomial. Foi possível identificar importantes aspectos positivos para a escolha do transporte ativo como segurança pública e viária, bem como a proximidade entre origens e destinos. As conclusões da análise podem contribuir para o planejamento de ambientes escolares mais seguros e atraentes para os modos ativos da cidade pesquisada e de outras cidades pequenas com características urbanísticas e mobilidade semelhantes

Laparoscopic vs. Open Approach in Emergent Inguinal Hernia: Our Experience and Review of Literature

There is currently no consensus or homogeneous recommendation about the role of the laparoscopic approach in emergent inguinal hernia surgery. The aim of this manuscript is showing our experience and results of laparoscopic approach for emergent groin hernia repair comparing with open approach. A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database between January 2011 and December 2021 of acute incarcerated groin hernia that were operated at Virgen del Rocio University Hospital. In this period, they were identified 463 patients with groin hernia that required an emergency repair. 454 patients underwent open surgery (group 1) and 36 patients underwent laparoscopic approach (TAPP procedure) (group 2). Median length stay was 1 day in lap group and 2 days in open approach. Reintervention was necessary in 20 cases (4.40%) from group 1 and one (2.27%) from group 2. In laparoscopic approach, no mortality was described but in open approach, 10 patients (2.20%) died. Globally, 58 cases (12.77%) from group 1 and six patients (16.66%) from group 2 presented any complication. Wound infection was higher in group of open repairs (5.94% vs. 2.77%). Non-surgical complications were higher in open approach (19 vs. 0). There is no statistical significance in any of these items. Laparoscopic approach is a safe, feasible and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of incarcerated groin hernia that require emergency surgery, but prospective and randomized comparative studies are needed to establish the best approach

“Project-based learning” na engenharia: uma experiência prática de aprendizado lúdico em ambiente real

The demands and challenges currently presented by the labour market in the engineering and architecture areas require future professionals to have a more practical and critical training in order to facilitate problem solving. Thus, it is evident that the traditional methodologies used in these courses need to be modified to enable adequate training beyond theoretical knowledge in the area, such as oral communication, teamwork and group leadership, among others. Project Based Learning (PBL) teaching provides interdisciplinary experiences for students with the aim of strengthening these attitudes, involving students with decision-making projects similar to those experienced in professional life. The objective of this work is to show the experiences of the students of the Federal University of Santa Maria - Campus Cachoeira do Sul in the application of this innovative teaching methodology. As main results, the students developed academic tasks related to real case studies in the scientific-technical area, with the presentation of their work to specialists, report delivery and prototype development. The application of the methodology became satisfactory and motivating, since it stimulated teamwork, integration of engineering and architecture areas, exchange of experiences between students and teachers and integration with the community.As exigências e desafios apresentados atualmente pelo mercado de trabalho nas áreas de engenharia e arquitetura exigem dos futuros profissionais uma formação mais prática e crítica que facilite a resolução de problemas. Sendo assim, fica evidente que as metodologias tradicionais utilizadas nesses cursos precisam ser modificadas para possibilitar uma adequada capacitação além de apenas conhecimentos teóricos da área, como comunicação oral, trabalho em equipe e liderança de grupos, entre outros. O ensino baseado em Project Based Learning (PBL) proporciona aos alunos experiências interdisciplinares que fortalecem essas aptidões, envolvendo os estudantes com projetos de tomada de decisão semelhantes àqueles vivenciados na vida profissional. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar as experiências vivenciadas pelos alunos dos cursos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – Campus Cachoeira do Sul na aplicação dessa metodologia inovadora de ensino. Como principais resultados, os estudantes desenvolveram tarefas relacionados a estudos de casos reais na área científico-técnica, com a apresentação de trabalhos a especialistas, entrega de relatórios e desenvolvimento de protótipos. A aplicação da metodologia se tornou satisfatória e motivadora, uma vez que estimulou o trabalho em equipe, integração das áreas da engenharia e arquitetura, troca de experiências entre alunos e professores e integração com a comunidade

Polarimetric imaging for the detection of synthetic models of SARS-CoV-2: A proof of concept

Objective: To conduct a proof-of-concept study of the detection of two synthetic models of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using polarimetric imaging. Approach: Two SARS-CoV-2 models were prepared as engineered lentiviruses pseudotyped with the G protein of the vesicular stomatitis virus, and with the characteristic Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Samples were prepared in two biofluids (saline solution and artificial saliva), in four concentrations, and deposited as 5-µL droplets on a supporting plate. The angles of maximal degree of linear polarization (DLP) of light diffusely scattered from dry residues were determined using Mueller polarimetry from87 samples at 405 nm and 514 nm. A polarimetric camera was used for imaging several samples under 380–420 nm illumination at angles similar to those of maximal DLP. Per-pixel image analysis included quantification and combination of polarization feature descriptors in 475 samples. Main results: The angles (from sample surface) of maximal DLP were 3° for 405 nm and 6° for 514 nm. Similar viral particles that differed only in the characteristic spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2, their corresponding negative controls, fluids, and the sample holder were discerned at 10-degree and 15-degree configurations. Significance: Polarimetric imaging in the visible spectrum may help improve fast, non-contact detection and identification of viral particles, and/or other microbes such as tuberculosis, in multiple dry fluid samples simultaneously, particularly when combined with other imaging modalities. Further analysis including realistic concentrations of real SARS-CoV-2 viral particles in relevant human fluids is required. Polarimetric imaging under visible light may contribute to a fast, cost-effective screening of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens when combined with other imaging modalities.12 página

Hyperspectral image processing for the identification and quantification of lentiviral particles in fluid samples

Optical spectroscopic techniques have been commonly used to detect the presence of biofilm-forming pathogens (bacteria and fungi) in the agro-food industry. Recently, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy revealed that it is also possible to detect the presence of viruses in animal and vegetal tissues. Here we report a platform based on visible and NIR (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging for non-contact, reagent free detection and quantification of laboratory-engineered viral particles in fluid samples (liquid droplets and dry residue) using both partial least square-discriminant analysis and artificial feed-forward neural networks. The detection was successfully achieved in preparations of phosphate buffered solution and artificial saliva, with an equivalent pixel volume of 4 nL and lowest concentration of 800 TU.mu L-1. This method constitutes an innovative approach that could be potentially used at point of care for rapid mass screening of viral infectious diseases and monitoring of the SARS-CoV- 2 pandemic.This research was funded by grants number COV20-00080 and COV20-00173 of the 2020 Emergency Call for Research Projects about the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 disease of the Institute of Health 'Carlos III', Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and by grant number EQC2019-006240-P of the 2019 Call for Acquisition of Scientific Equipment, FEDER Program, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. This work has been supported by the European Commission through the JRC HUMAINT project. ABR was supported by grant number RTI2018-094465-J funded by the Spanish National Agency of Research. The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the members of the EOD-CBRN Group of the Spanish National Police, whose identities cannot be disclosed, and who are represented here by JMNG. Authors thank continuous support from their institutions

UFSM-CS vai às escolas 2017

The Federal University of Santa Maria - Cachoeira do Sul Campus began its activities in 2014 with five graduate courses: Architecture and Urbanism; Agricultural Engineering; Electrical Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; and Transport and Logistics Engineering. The need of technological professionals to meet regional and national demand was considered at the UFSM-Cachoeira do Sul (UFSM-CS) conception. However,  the population of Cachoeira do Sul and nearby cities do not know about the courses offered by UFSM-CS. In order to alleviate this problem, the program UFSM-CS goes to Schools is in operation, whose main objective is to present the courses offered by UFSM-CS to high school students in public and private schools. This project has been developed in two stages: in the first stage, a questionnaire about the previous knowledge of the school community about the UFSM campus is applied. In the second stage, a cycle of lectures in public and private schools to show the undergraduate courses in the Cachoeira do Sul campus is done and then a new questionnaire is applied to check if the lecture cycle has indeed encouraged these students to enter UFMS-CS and/or another institution.  A statistical analysis of the data obtained through questionnaires is presented to support extension projects with the schools of Cachoeira do Sul and region. Results show that 80% of students intend to enter a higher education institution and 70% do not know which courses are provided by UFSM-CS. After the presentation of the seminars, 92% of the students told the seminars were enlightening.O Campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria em Cachoeira do Sul iniciou suas atividades em 2014 com cinco cursos de graduação: Arquitetura e Urbanismo; Engenharia Agrícola; Engenharia Elétrica; Engenharia Mecânica; e Engenharia de Transportes e Logística. Na concepção do campus da UFSM em Cachoeira do Sul (UFSM-CS), considerou-se a necessidade de profissionais na área tecnológica para atender a demanda regional e nacional. No entanto, é notável que a população de Cachoeira do Sul e região ainda está mal informada sobre os cursos oferecidos pela UFSM-CS. No intuito de amenizar esse problema, está em andamento o Programa UFSM-CS vai às Escolas que tem como principal objetivo apresentar, aos alunos do ensino médio de escolas públicas e particulares, os cursos ofertados pela UFSM-CS. Esse projeto está sendo desenvolvido em duas etapas: na primeira etapa, é aplicado um questionário sobre os conhecimentos prévios da comunidade escolar cachoeirense sobre o campus da UFSM. Na segunda etapa, é realizado um ciclo de palestras nas escolas públicas e particulares para divulgar os cursos de graduação do campus de Cachoeira do Sul e é aplicado outro questionário para verificar se o ciclo de palestrar despertou o interesse desses alunos a ingressarem no ensino superior na UFMS-CS e/ou em outra instituição. Neste trabalho apresentaremos uma análise estatística dos dados obtidos através dos questionários para servir de suporte a futuros projetos de extensão com as escolas de Cachoeira do Sul e região. Resultados mostram que cerca de 80% dos alunos pretendem ingressar em uma instituição de ensino superior e que 70% não sabem quais cursos são oferecidos pela UFSM-CS. Após a apresentação dos seminários, 92% dos alunos acharam o mesmo esclarecedor

Development of a decision-making methodology for classification by priority for action against road traffic noise

Se han estudiado las principales características de los parámetros que intervienen en la generación, propagación y atenuación del ruido debido al tráfico rodado, así como las técnicas de mitigación del mismo en sus diferentes tipos y principios de actuación, analizando la relación entre ellos y seleccionando los más influyentes en los problemas de toma de decisiones citados. Dada la capital importancia de los pesos asignados a estas variables y criterios, han sido determinados de manera satisfactoria a partir de la aplicación de la técnica de las jerarquías analíticas difusas sobre los resultados obtenidos de los cuestionarios planteados en sendos paneles de expertos elaborados al respecto. Finalmente, se ha llevado a cabo una aplicación práctica de la metodología desarrollada a la revisión del Plan de Acción contra el Ruido de las carreteras autonómicas de la provincia de Almería (España) para comprobar su adaptabilidad a casos reales.We have studied the main characteristics of the parameters involved in the generation, propagation and attenuation of noise due to traffic, as well as the techniques of noise mitigation, analysing the relationships between them, and then selecting the most influential parameters for the decision-making problems. Due to the paramount importance of the weightings assigned to each variable and criterion, an especial care has been taken on assign them, and they have been successfully defined by applying the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to the results obtained from suitable questionnaires through two expert panels. Finally, a practical implementation of the proposed methodology was carried out to a revision of the Noise Action Plan for the road network of the regional government of Andalusia in the province of Almería (Spain) to test its adaptability and reliability to actual cases.Tesis Univ. Granada. Programa Oficial de Doctorado en: Seguridad, Calidad y Optimización de Recursos en Infraestructuras y su Relación MedioambientalMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad de España a través del proyecto TEC2012-38883-C02-0