A Model To Measure Competitiveness In Touristic Companies In Mexico

The objective of this paper is to develop a model that measures competitiveness among tourism businesses in Mexico. To that end, this research consists of three parts: the first refers to the theoretical framework to define the competitiveness of a tourism company and proposes a theoretical business competitiveness model; the second deals with the development of a questionnaire upon the theoretical model; in the third part, the questionnaire and the theoretic model are validated using factor analysis and a competitiveness index, is presented

El desempeño financiero de la empresa y la composición del consejo de administración

Company's Financial Performance and Board of Directors Composition Based on the Resource Dependence Theory (TDR) and the Agency Theory (TA), this research aims to analyze whether there is a relationship between the number and type of directors (construct board of directors) concerning indicators of financial performance of the company based on ROA, ROE, Net Profit Margin, Income Per Employee, and Beta or Systematic Risk (construct financial performance). Using the innovative and suitable method for small samples, PLS-SEM, authors create a theoretical model based on literature review and a measurement model that operates based on multiple and simultaneous correlations between the selected variables. The results show the conformation of two constructs and denote a statistically significant relationship between them. It has the limitation of being an exploratory and transversal analysis. The study is original in applying the statistical method to the field of corporate governance and finance and in the selection of variables.  It is concluded that the proposed theoretical model is efficient in studying the constructs in companies.Con base en la Teoría de Dependencia de Recursos (TDR) y la Teoría de Agencia (TA), esta investigación tiene por objetivo analizar si existe una relación entre el número y tipo de consejeros (constructo consejo de administración) con respecto a indicadores de desempeño financiero de la empresa con base en ROA, ROE, Margen de Beneficio Neto, ingresos por empleado y riesgo sistemático de mercado-beta (constructo desempeño financiero). Utilizando el método innovador y adecuado para muestras pequeñas PLS-SEM, se crea un modelo teórico basado en la revisión de literatura y un modelo de medición que opera con base en correlaciones múltiples y simultáneas entre las variables seleccionadas. Los resultados muestran la conformación de dos constructos y denotan una relación estadísticamente significativa entre ambos. Se tiene la limitante de ser un análisis exploratorio y transversal. El estudio es original en la aplicación del método estadístico al campo del gobierno corporativo y las finanzas y en la selección de variables.  Se concluye que el modelo teórico planteado es eficiente para continuar estudiando los constructos en las empresas

Terapia de estrógenos vaginales y riesgo de recurrencia en mujeres con antecedente de cáncer de mama: Vaginal estrogen therapy and the risk of recurrence in women with a history of breast cancer

Breast cancer remains the most common malignant neoplasm and one of the leading causes of mortality in women, making it a significant target for global health efforts and a public health priority. Through the use of innovative therapies, survival rates have improved, leading to the emergence of associated conditions such as genitourinary menopausal syndrome. Hormonal therapy is employed for managing this condition, significantly alleviating its symptoms and, in some cases, serving as the sole solution. The most commonly utilized approach is vaginal estrogen therapy. Nevertheless, there have been reports of a potential risk of breast cancer recurrence associated with its use. In the Spanish-speaking context, there is limited evidence discussing this topic. A search was conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE databases, using the terms "Vaginal Estrogen Therapy," "Recurrence," and "Breast Cancer." It was determined that, on a global scale, vaginal estrogen therapy is an effective and safe therapeutic option for managing genitourinary menopausal syndrome in women with a history of breast cancer. This therapy does not appear to increase the risk of recurrence, with the exception of those undergoing treatment with aromatase inhibitors. For these individuals, alternative therapies are recommended to mitigate this potential risk.El cáncer de mama sigue siendo la neoplasia maligna más frecuente y mortal en mujeres, considerándose un importante objetivo de la salud global y prioridad en salud pública. Con el uso de terapias innovadoras, ha mejorado la supervivencia, apareciendo condiciones asociadas, como el síndrome genitourinario menopaúsico. La terapia hormonal, se utiliza para el manejo de esta condición, mejorando sustancialmente la sintomatología, e incluso, siendo en algunos casos la única solución. La más utilizada, es la terapia de estrógenos vaginales. Sin embargo, se ha descrito un posible riesgo de recurrencia de cáncer de mama con su uso. En habla hispana, no existe evidencia que haya discutido este tópico. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en las bases PubMed, ScienceDirect y MEDLINE, utilizando los términos “Terapia de estrógenos vaginales”, “Recurrencia” y “Cáncer de mama”. Se encontró, que, de forma global, la terapia de estrógenos vaginales es una opción terapéutica eficaz y segura en el manejo del síndrome genitourinario menopaúsico en mujeres con antecedente de cáncer de mama, sin incrementar el riesgo de recurrencia, a excepción de aquellas tratadas con inhibidores de la aromatasa, en quienes se recomienda el uso de otras terapias para evitar acarrear este riesgo

XI Premio Nacional Educación Para el Desarrollo "Vicente Ferrer" : buenas prácticas en educación para la ciudadanía global

Título tomado de la cub.El Premio Nacional de Educación para el Desarrollo «Vicente Ferrer», una de las acciones del del programa Docentes para el desarrollo, pretende empoderar al alumnado para que la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible sean el motor de cambio que el planeta necesita para su avance y transformación, tanto en el plano social, como en el am biental. El Premio impulsa el sentido de ciudadanía global, el respeto y el cuidado del medio ambiente, así como los valores de justicia social, solidaridad, igualdad, inclusión y paz. Se recogen las buenas prácticas galardonadas en el XI Premio Nacional de Edu cación para el desarrollo «Vicente Ferrer» y es la prueba del avance hacia una educación transformadora más allá del 2030. Esta nueva mirada educativa sitúa a las personas y al planeta en el centro de la acción educativa y abre la escuela a la realidad global para impulsar sociedades más justas y solidarias basadas en el respeto a los derechos humanos y la justicia social.ES

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p < 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p < 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

The risk of COVID-19 death is much greater and age dependent with type I IFN autoantibodies

International audienceSignificance There is growing evidence that preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) are strong determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. It is important to estimate their quantitative impact on COVID-19 mortality upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, by age and sex, as both the prevalence of these autoantibodies and the risk of COVID-19 death increase with age and are higher in men. Using an unvaccinated sample of 1,261 deceased patients and 34,159 individuals from the general population, we found that autoantibodies against type I IFNs strongly increased the SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate at all ages, in both men and women. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs are strong and common predictors of life-threatening COVID-19. Testing for these autoantibodies should be considered in the general population

The risk of COVID-19 death is much greater and age dependent with type I IFN autoantibodies

International audienceSignificance There is growing evidence that preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) are strong determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. It is important to estimate their quantitative impact on COVID-19 mortality upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, by age and sex, as both the prevalence of these autoantibodies and the risk of COVID-19 death increase with age and are higher in men. Using an unvaccinated sample of 1,261 deceased patients and 34,159 individuals from the general population, we found that autoantibodies against type I IFNs strongly increased the SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate at all ages, in both men and women. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs are strong and common predictors of life-threatening COVID-19. Testing for these autoantibodies should be considered in the general population

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in similar to 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P=1.1x10(-4)) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR=3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P=2.1x10(-4)). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR=19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P=3.4x10(-3)), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR=4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P=7.7x10(-8)). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD]=43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P=1.68x10(-5)).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old