Cálculo de la huella de carbono de una industria cervecera

[ES] El cambio climático es un reto real y urgente que la humanidad debe enfrentar y superar para asegurar su futuro. Es por ello que hemos de revisar el impacto ambiental que generamos como sociedad. Para ello, todos, y sobre todo las empresas, debemos controlar el impacto que generamos con tal de minimizarlo al máximo. El sector cervecero no es diferente, debe controlar sus residuos, la huella hídrica, la huella de carbono, etc. Es por ello que me planteo, en este trabajo, intentar realizar una estimación de la huella de carbono que emiten las cerveceras artesanales, un tipo concreto de industria que en los últimos años ha estado en alza y cuyo número, también ha aumentado. Para calcular la huella de carbono y realizar su análisis, nos basaremos en la ¿Guía para el cálculo de la huella de carbono y para la elaboración de un plan de mejora de una organización¿(MTERD & OECC, A) que proporciona el Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica. Primero se procurará explicar los conceptos básicos, qué tipo de producto realizan, cual es el método de producción de dichas empresas, y cómo son normalmente sus instalaciones. Seguidamente se procederá a explicar los diferentes apartados del análisis de huella de carbono, explicando las peculiaridades de este tipo de empresas en cada apartado y cómo deberían establecer un plan de mejora. Se intentará hacer una hoja que las empresas puedan rellenar fácilmente para poder calcular su huella de carbono. También se propondrá un método a implementar para crear un sistema de recogida de datos efectiva para poder llevar fácilmente un control de la huella de carbono emitida a lo largo de su periodo de actividad. Por último se procederá a calcular una huella de carbono para una empresa supuesta a modo de ejemplo, y se comentarán las conclusiones finales[EN] Climate change is a real and urgent challenge that humanity must face and overcome to secure a future. That is why the environmental impact that we generate as a society must be reviewed. To do this, everyone, and specially companies, must control the impact that they generate in order to minimize it as much as possible. The brewing sector is no different, it must control its waste, water footprint, carbon footprint, etc. That is why this work will attempt to estimate the carbon footprint emitted by craft breweries, a specific type of industry that has been on the rise in recent years and whose number has also increased. To calculate the carbon footprint and carry out its analysis, we will use the ¿Guía para el cálculo de la huella de carbono y para la elaboración de un plan de mejora de una organización¿(MTERD & OECC, A) provided by the Ministry for Ecological Transition. First, we will explain the basic concepts, what type of product they make, what is the production method of said companies, as the facilities normally have. Continuing, we will proceed to explain the different sections of the carbon footprint analysis, explaining the peculiarities of this type of company in each section and how they should establish an improvement plan. Then we will make a sheet that companies can easily fill in in order to calculate their carbon footprint and a method will also be proposed to implement an effective data collection system to be able to easily control the carbon footprint emitted throughout its period of activity. Finally, a carbon footprint will be calculated for a supposed company as an example, and the final conclusions will be discussed.Ruiz Castillo, A. (2020). CÁLCULO DE LA HUELLA DE CARBONO DE UNA INDUSTRIA CERVECERA. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/157904TFG

Ciencia y tecnología en México

En la medida en que la actividad científico-tecnológica se ocupe de la solución de los grandes problemas de la sociedad, las posibilidades de crecimiento económico y desarrollo son mayores. Como parte sustancial de las funciones de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México se encuentra la actividad científica. A ella se dedican cerca de 3 mil académicos, de los cuales dos terceras partes realizan investigación en el área de ciencias exactas y naturales y el resto en las ciencias sociales y las humanidades. Las áreas del conocimiento que se cultivan, cubren casi todos los campos de la ciencia y un número significativo de los científicos más renombrados del país son miembros de su personal académico. En esta publicación se presentan cinco trabajos que abordan una temática amplia sobre algunos problemas seculares como la dependencia y la transferencia tecnológica, y concluye con una suerte de reflexión prospectiva de los impactos de las nuevas tecnologías en los países subdesarrollados

Dehydrofluorination Process of Poly(vinylidene difluoride) PVdF-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes and Its Effect on Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are emerging as suitable candidates for high-performing lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) due to their excellent performance and improved safety. Within them, poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVdF) and its derivatives have been widely used as polymer hosts due to their ideal mechanical and electrochemical properties. However, their poor stability with lithium metal (Li0) anode has been identified as their main drawback. Here, the stability of two PVdF-based GPEs with Li0 and their application in LSBs is studied. PVdF-based GPEs undergo a dehydrofluorination process upon contact with the Li0. This process results in the formation of a LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase that provides high stability during galvanostatic cycling. Nevertheless, despite their outstanding initial discharge, both GPEs show an unsuitable battery performance characterized by a capacity drop, ascribed to the loss of the lithium polysulfides and their interaction with the dehydrofluorinated polymer host. Through the introduction of an intriguing lithium salt (lithium nitrate) in the electrolyte, a significant improvement is achieved delivering higher capacity retention. Apart from providing a detailed study of the hitherto poorly characterized interaction process between PVdF-based GPEs and the Li0, this study demonstrates the need for an anode protection process to use this type of electrolytes in LSBs.This work was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program Graphene Flagship Core Project 3 (GrapheneCore3) under grant agreement 881603. The project was also supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (RTI2018-098301–B-I00)

Terapia trombolítica en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio en una unidad de cuidados intensivos coronarios

Introduction: thrombolytic therapy has been one of the greatest advances to treat patients with acute myocardial infarction.Objective:to characterize thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction hospitalized in the intensive coronary care unit at Abel Santamaría Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital.Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional, observational study was carried out. The target group was comprised of 734 patients with the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Descriptive statistics measures were applied as absolute frequency and relative percentage.Results: ages from 60-69 (30,3 %) and masculine sex prevailed (66,75 %); the most common location was the inferior one with 51 %. The most common cause of non-thrombolysis was a period greater than 12 hours in 63,8 % of cases. Thrombolysis was applied in 63,5 % of the cases and the most common complication was hypotension in 20,8 %; 53,9 % of deaths were thrombolyzed patients and 61.9 % of the deceased were male.Conclusions: male patients older than 50 years showed a high incidence of this entity. The delay in attending medical services is an essential reason of the non-application of this therapy and the death of these patients.Introducción: la terapia trombolítica ha supuesto uno de los mayores avances en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio.Objetivo: caracterizar la terapia trombolítica en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos coronarios del Hospital General Docente “Abel Santamaría Cuadrado”.Método: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal. El universo quedó constituido por 734 pacientes con diagnóstico de infarto agudo del miocardio. Se aplicaron medidas de estadística descriptiva como frecuencia absoluta y relativa porcentual.Resultados: el grupo de edades que predominó fue 60-69 años (30,3 %) y el sexo masculino (66,75 %), la localización más común fue la inferior con 51 %. La causa más común de la no trombolisis fue un tiempo mayor de 12 horas en el 63,8 % de los casos. La trombolisis se aplicó en el 63,5 % de los casos y la complicación más común fue la hipotensión en el 20,8 %. El 53,9 % de las defunciones fueron pacientes trombolizados y el 61,9 % de los fallecidos fueron del sexo masculino.Conclusiones: los pacientes masculinos de edades superiores a los 50 años presentan alta incidencia de esta entidad. La demora al asistir a los servicios médicos es causa fundamental de la no aplicación de esta terapia y del fallecimiento de estos pacientes

Caracterización de pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico severo atendidos en el Hospital General Docente “Arnaldo Milián Castro”

Introduction: traumatic injuries are the leading cause of death in young people, ages under 45, and brain injuries have a high incidence of death in more than half of those suffering from these injuries.Objective: to characterize patients with severe cranioencephalic trauma in the Intensive Care Unit at Arnaldo Milián Castro General Teaching Hospital during the year 2018.Methods: an observational, descriptive and retrospective study was conducted in 38 patients with the diagnosis of severe head trauma from January 1, 2018 to January 1, 2019. Medical records were reviewed; variables such as age, cause of trauma, type of injury, complications and hospital staying were collected. Results: male patients predominated (92.11%), ages between 36 and 64 years (50%); 50% of traumas were due to traffic accidents. Subdural hematoma represented 52.63 % of lesions and pneumonia the most common complication (65.79 %). Patients admitted for more than 9 days predominated (44.74%); 73.68 % of patients were admitted alive; 65.79 % of patients underwent surgery. Severe cerebral edema was found among the causes of death (70%).Conclusions: male patients after the third decade of life are prone to severe cranioencephalic trauma. Intervention on primary lesions avoids complications, where ventilation and prolonged hospital staying can trigger sepsis and act as factors affecting survival.Introducción: las lesiones traumáticas constituyen la primera causa de muerte en los jóvenes, en edades por debajo de los 45 años, y las lesiones cerebrales tienen una alta incidencia en más de la mitad de los fallecidos.Objetivo: caracterizar a los pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico severo atendidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital General Docente “Arnaldo Milián Castro” durante el año 2018.Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo en 38 pacientes con diagnóstico de traumatismo craneoencefálico severo desde el 1ro de enero del 2018 hasta el 1ro de enero del 2019.  Se revisaron las historias clínicas; se recogieron variables como: edad, causa del traumatismo, tipo de lesión, complicaciones y estadía. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes masculinos (92,11 %), de edades entre 36 y 64 años (50 %); el 50 % de los traumas fueron por accidente de tránsito. El hematoma subdural representó el 52,63 % de las lesiones y la neumonía la complicación más común (65,79 %). Predominaron los pacientes ingresados más de 9 días (44,74 %). El 73,68 % de los pacientes egresaron vivos; el 65,79 % de los pacientes fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente. Entre las causas de fallecimiento se encontró el edema cerebral severo (70 %).Conclusiones: Los pacientes masculinos pasados de la tercera década de vida son propensos a sufrir traumas craneoencefálicos severos. La intervención sobre las lesiones primarias evita complicaciones, donde la ventilación y estadía prolongada pueden desencadenar sepsis y actuar como factores que afectan la supervivencia

The ANIBES Study on Energy Balance in Spain: Design, Protocol and Methodology

Energy Balance (EB) is an important topic to understand how an imbalance in its main determinants (energy intake and consumption) may lead to inappropriate weight gain, considered to be “dynamic” and not “static”. There are no studies to evaluate EB in Spain, and new technologies reveal themselves as key tools to solve common problems to precisely quantify energy consumption and expenditure at population level. The overall purpose of the ANIBES (“Anthropometry, Intake and Energy Balance”) Study was to carry out an accurate updating of food and beverage intake, dietary habits/behaviour and anthropometric data of the Spanish population (9–75 years, n = 2009), as well as the energy expenditure and physical activity patterns. Anthropometry measurements (weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, % body fat, % body water) were obtained; diet was evaluated throughout a three-day dietary record (tablet device) accompanied by a 24 h-dietary recall; physical activity was quantified by questionnaire and accelerometers were also employed. Finally, information about perception and understanding of several issues related to EB was also obtained. The ANIBES study will contribute to provide valuable useful data to inform food policy planning, food based dietary guidelines development and other health oriented actions in Spain

COVID-19 Clinical Profile in Latin American Migrants Living in Spain: Does the Geographical Origin Matter?

COVID-19; Latin America; SeverityCOVID-19; Amèrica Llatina; GravetatCOVID-19; América Latina; GravedadThe aim of this study was to describe and compare the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia according to their geographical origin. This is a retrospective case-control study of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia treated at Vall d’Hebron University Hospital (Barcelona) during the first wave of the pandemic. Cases were defined as patients born in Latin America and controls were randomly selected among Spanish patients matched by age and gender. Demographic and clinical variables were collected, including comorbidities, symptoms, vital signs and analytical parameters, intensive care unit admission and outcome at 28 days after admission. Overall, 1080 hospitalized patients were registered: 774 (71.6%) from Spain, 142 (13.1%) from Latin America and the rest from other countries. Patients from Latin America were considered as cases and 558 Spanish patients were randomly selected as controls. Latin American patients had a higher proportion of anosmia, rhinorrhea and odynophagia, as well as higher mean levels of platelets and lower mean levels of ferritin than Spanish patients. No differences were found in oxygen requirement and mortality at 28 days after admission, but there was a higher proportion of ICU admissions (28.2% vs. 20.2%, p = 0.0310). An increased proportion of ICU admissions were found in patients from Latin America compared with native Spanish patients when adjusted by age and gender, with no significant differences in in-hospital mortality.Isabel Campos-Varela’s research activity is funded by grant PI19/00330 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III. CIBERehd is supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III. The work was independent of all funding. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors

Physical Activity Patterns of the Spanish Population Are Mostly Determined by Sex and Age: Findings in the ANIBES Study

Background Representative data for the Spanish population regarding physical activity (PA) behaviors are scarce and seldom comparable due to methodological inconsistencies. Aim Our objectives were to describe the PA behavior by means of the standardized self-reported International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and to know the proportion of the Spanish population meeting and not meeting international PA recommendations. Material and Methods PA was assessed using the IPAQ in a representative sample of 2285 individuals (males, 50.4%) aged 9–75 years and living in municipalities of at least 2,000 inhabitants. Data were analyzed according to: age groups 9–12, 13–17, 18–64, and 65–75 years; sex; geographical distribution; locality size and educational levels. Results Mean total PA was 868.8±660.9 min/wk, mean vigorous PA 146.4±254.1 min/wk, and mean moderate PA 398.1±408.0 min/wk, showing significant differences between sexes (p<0.05). Children performed higher moderate-vigorous PA than adolescents and seniors (p<0.05), and adults than adolescents and seniors (p<0.05). Compared to recommendations, 36.2%of adults performed <150 min/week of moderate PA, 65.4% <75 min/week of vigorous PA and 27.0%did not perform any PA at all, presenting significant differences between sexes (p<0.05). A total of 55.4%of children and adolescents performed less than 420 min/week of MVPA, being higher in the later (62.6%) than in the former (48.4%). Highest non-compliance was observed in adolescent females (86.5%). Conclusion Sex and age are the main influencing factors on PA in the Spanish population. Males engage in more vigorous and light PA overall, whereas females perform more moderate PA. PA behavior differs between age groups and no clear lineal increase with age could be observed. Twenty-seven percent of adults and 55.4% of children and adolescents do not meet international PA recommendations. Identified target groups should be addressed to increase PA in the Spanish populationCoca-Cola Iberia through Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN)Coca-Cola Iberi

Dynamics of isolated-photon plus jet production in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The dynamics of isolated-photon plus jet production in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV has been studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using an integrated luminosity of 37 pb(-1). Measurements of isolated-photon plus jet bin-averaged cross sections are presented as functions of photon transverse energy, jet transverse momentum and jet rapidity. In addition, the bin-averaged cross sections as functions of the difference between the azimuthal angles of the photon and the jet, the photon jet invariant mass and the scattering angle in the photon jet centre-of-mass frame have been measured. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations are compared to the measurements and provide a good description of the data, except for the case of the azimuthal opening angle

Measurement of the cross-section for W boson production in association with b-jets in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper reports a measurement of the W+b-jets (W+b+X and W+b (b) over bar +X) production cross-section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC. These results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb(-1), collected with the ATLAS detector. Cross-sections are presented as a function of jet multiplicity and of the transverse momentum of the leading b-jet for both the muon and electron decay modes of the W boson. The W+b-jets cross-section, corrected for all known detector effects, is quoted in a limited kinematic range. Combining the muon and electron channels, the fiducial cross-section for W+b-jets is measured to be 7.1 +/- 0.5 (stat) +/- 1.4 (syst) pb, consistent with the next-to-leading order QCD prediction, corrected for non-perturbative and double-parton interactions (DPI) contributions, of 4.70 +/- 0.09 (stat) (+0.60)(-0.49) (scale) +/- 0.06 (PDF) +/- 0.16 (non-pert) (+0.52)(-0.38) (DPI) pb