Presbyopia: An outstanding and global opportunity for early detection of pre-frailty and frailty states

Depto. de Optometría y VisiónUnidad Docente de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORLFac. de Óptica y OptometríaTRUEEuropean Union's Horizon 2020 programmeUniversidad Complutense de Madrid (España)Banco Santander (España)pu

Dry Eye Disease and Refractive Corrections

Depto. de Optometría y VisiónFac. de Óptica y OptometríaTRUEpu

Optical tolerance to rotation of trifocal toric intraocular lenses as a function of the cylinder power

Background: The aim was to assess the impact of 5- and 10-degree rotations in the optical quality of a trifocal toric intraocular lens with different amounts of cylinder. Methods: Two Physiol Toric intraocular lenses with 1.5 and 3.0 D of cylinder were analysed in three different positions: centred, 5 and 10 degrees rotated. The optical quality of the intraocular lenses was evaluated with the PMTF optical bench through specific perpendicular targets. The analysis was performed by the through-focus modulation transfer function curves and the modulation transfer function corresponding to distance vision (0 D of vergence). Results: For a centred situation, the through-focus modulation transfer function curves of both intraocular lenses showed the classical three peaks corresponding to the powers of the two principal meridians of the intraocular lenses. When 5 and 10 degrees of rotation were induced, the three peaks were attenuated in both cases. The case with the intraocular lens with 3.0 D of cylinder and 10 degrees of rotation showed the worst optical quality and a significant loss of trifocality. The modulation transfer function values obtained for distance vision also showed the worst optical quality for the intraocular lens with 3.0 D of cylinder and 10 degrees of rotation. Conclusion: Rotations over 5 degrees decreased the optical quality of trifocal toric intraocular lenses, being this reduction moderate from 5 to 10 degrees for low levels of cylinder (≤1.5 D). For mid-high levels of cylinder (≥3.0 D), rotations over 5 degrees cause a significant loss of optical quality at all object distances

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games

Conventional amblyopia therapy involves occlusion or penalization of the dominant eye, though these methods enhance stereoscopic visual acuity in fewer than 30% of cases. To improve these results, we propose a treatment in the form of a video game, using random-dot stimuli and perceptual learning techniques to stimulate stereoacuity. The protocol is defined for stereo-deficient patients between 7-14 years of age who have already received treatment for amblyopia and have a monocular best corrected distance visual acuity of at least 0.1 logMAR. Patients are required to complete a perceptual learning program at home using the video game. While compliance is stored automatically in the cloud, periodic optometry center visits are used to track patient evolution and adjust the game's stereoscopic demand until the smallest detectable disparity is achieved. The protocol has proved to be successful, and effectiveness is gauged in terms of a two-level gain on a random stereoacuity test (global stereoacuity or cyclopean stereoacuity reference test). Moreover, the random-dot stimuli learning transfers to medial lateral stereoscopic acuity according to a Wirt Circles test, in which success criteria is a final stereoacuity of over 140", and the attained enhancement corresponds to no less than two levels of stereoscopic acuity. Six months later, a random-dot stereoacuity test recorded no reduction in the stereoacuity that was achieved

Análisis químico-biológico para determinar el estatus trófico de la Laguna de Tres Palos, Guerrero, México

An evaluation of the main physicochemical and biological parameters was carried out in Tres Palos coastal lagoon in 2003; the aim of the study was to evaluate the environmental quality and the trophic status of the lagoon, and to compare these results with the data obtained in 1971. The salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen remained similar: oligohaline (2-4 ups), warm (28-31°C), with dissolved oxygen oversaturation at the surface and hypoxia or anoxia at the bottom. However, other characteristics changed considerably. In 1971 the coastal lagoon was eutrophic with high densities of phytoplankton (8 x 103 cel mL-1), and blooms of cyanophytes (i.e., Mycrocystis, Anabaena, Spirulina). Thirty-two years later, the trophic status of Tres Palos coastal lagoon evolved to hypereutrophy. Phytoplankton biomass (?100 mg chlorophyll a m-3) and density (i.e., >10 x 104 cel mL-1) increased in response to the large concentration of available phosphorus (3.6 to 80.6 µM); the cyanophyta continued as the dominant group but with different representative species (i.e., Aphanocapsa delicatissima, Merismopedia punctata, Chroococcus dispersus var. minor, Raphidiopsis curvata and Pseudoanabaena limnetica). The ß-mesosaprobic organisms dominated and revealed the large amount of organic matter coming from allochthonous (urban and industrial wastewater) and autochthonous (phytoplankton) sources.Se llevó a cabo una evaluación de los principales parámetros fisicoquímicos y biológicos de la Laguna de Tres Palos en 2003; el objetivo fue evaluar la calidad ambiental y estatus trófico correspondiente y finalmente, hacer una comparación con las características evaluadas en 1971. La salinidad, temperatura y oxígeno disuelto permanecieron similares: oligohalina (2-4 ups), cálida (28-31°C), con sobresaturación superficial y condiciones de hipoxia o anoxia en el fondo. Sin embargo, otras características se modificaron dramáticamente. En 1971 la laguna era eutrófica con elevadas densidades de fitoplancton (8 x 103 cel mL-1) y florecimientos de cianofitas (i.e., Mycrocystis, Anabaena, Spirulina). Treinta y dos años después, la condición trófica de Tres Palos evolucionó hacia la hipereutrofia. La biomasa (?100 mg clorofila a m-3) y densidad (p. ej., >10 x 104 cel mL-1) del fitoplancton aumentaron en respuesta a la gran cantidad de fósforo disponible (3.6 a 80.6 µM); las cianofitas continuaron siendo el grupo dominante pero las especies representativas cambiaron (i.e., Aphanocapsa delicatissima, Merismopedia punctata, Chroococcus dispersus var. minor, Raphidiopsis curvata y Pseudanabaena limnetica). Los organismos ß- mesosaprobios fueron dominantes, revelando una elevada concentración de materia orgánica la cual proviene de fuentes tanto alóctonas (aguas residuales urbanas e industriales) como autóctonas (fitoplancton)

NLRP3 inflammasome suppression improves longevity and prevents cardiac aging in male mice

While NLRP3‐inflammasome has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases, its role in physiological cardiac aging is largely unknown. During aging, many alterations occur in the organism, which are associated with progressive impairment of metabolic pathways related to insulin resistance, autophagy dysfunction, and inflammation. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms through which NLRP3 inhibition may attenuate cardiac aging. Ablation of NLRP3‐inflammasome protected mice from age‐related increased insulin sensitivity, reduced IGF‐1 and leptin/adiponectin ratio levels, and reduced cardiac damage with protection of the prolongation of the agedependent PR interval, which is associated with atrial fibrillation by cardiovascular aging and reduced telomere shortening. Furthermore, old NLRP3 KO mice showed an inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and autophagy improvement, compared with old wild mice and preserved Nampt‐mediated NAD+ levels with increased SIRT1 protein expression. These findings suggest that suppression of NLRP3 prevented many age‐associated changes in the heart, preserved cardiac function of aged mice and increased lifespan.Andalusian regional government; Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucia, Grant/ Award Number: PI‐0036‐2014; Ministerio de economía y competitividad, Grant/Award Number: SAF2017‐84494‐C2‐1‐

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

PhDAY 2020 -FOO (Facultad de Óptica y Optometría)

Por cuarto año consecutivo los doctorandos de la Facultad de Óptica y Optometría de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid cuentan con un congreso propio organizado por y para ellos, el 4º PhDAY- FOO. Se trata de un congreso gratuito abierto en la que estos jóvenes científicos podrán presentar sus investigaciones al resto de sus compañeros predoctorales y a toda la comunidad universitaria que quiera disfrutar de este evento. Apunta en tu agenda: el 15 de octubre de 2020. En esta ocasión será un Congreso On-line para evitar que la incertidumbre asociada a la pandemia Covid-19 pudiera condicionar su celebración

Perfiles de potencia y su relación con el rendimiento de las lentes de contacto multifocales

Los diseños de lentes de contacto multifocales son más complejos que los monofocales y para adaptar estos diseños avanzados no sirve con conocer simplemente la refracción de lejos de los pacientes y su adición, haciéndose necesario tener en cuenta un mayor número de parámetros si se quiere conseguir una adaptación satisfactoria. Debido a la variabilidad entre las necesidades de los pacientes présbitas y la tecnología de los diseños de estas lentes multifocales, parámetros como la dinámica pupilar de los pacientes, el centrado y los perfiles de potencia de las lentes son importantes a la hora de poder “personalizar” y optimizar estas adaptaciones. En este trabajo se muestran diferentes perfiles de potencia en función del diámetro de la zona óptica lente (y su relación con el diámetro pupilar) y se interpretan los aspectos clínicos relacionados.Sin financiaciónNo data (2014)UE

Análisis del perfil de potencia de las nuevas lentes de contacto blandas para miopía progresiva

Myopia is the most prevalent refractive error and is currently considered as a public health problem because its prevalence is continuously increasing. Additionally, there is a relation between the progression of myopia and the associated risk of developing myopic maculopathy, retinal detachment and other ocular afflictions,1 with this risk increasing for higher levels of myopia. Soft bifocal contact lenses (CL) have been found to slow the progression of myopia in children.2 It was suggested that such lenses reduce the rate of myopia progression in children because of the relative myopic defocus that they induce in the peripheral retina and/or because they reduce accommodative lags.3 Related to these effects, a new CL design has been launched into the market and is focussed on myopia control. The knowledge of the optical power profile of this design could offer important information about the effective peripheral relative myopic defocus and the potential visual performance of the wearers. Therefore, in this letter the power profile of this CL is analysed. At the same time, the power profile of a similar design of a bifocal CL for presbyopia correction is addressed. This analysis will be helpful for future extended studies that will address the effectiveness on myopia progression and/or the visual performance of the patients with these two designs.Sin financiaciónNo data JCR 20170.809 SJR (2017) Q2, 4/12 OptometryNo data IDR 2017UE