Poder judicial y jurisdicción en el estado social y democrático de derecho: la disponibilidad de recursos materiales a través de la oficina judicial

[Resumen] Se reflexiona acerca de la interrelación entre tres factores determinantes del ejercicio de la jurisdicción y, en particular, de la ejecución forzosa: primero, la función de tutela efectiva de derechos encomendada al Poder judicial (por ejemplo, en satisfacción del derecho del propietario de vivienda que ha obtenido a su favor una sentencia de desahucio a la ejecución de la misma en un plazo razonable); segundo, la exigencia de garantía de todos los derechos fundamentales que confluyen en el proceso (p. ej., del derecho del ocupante de vivienda a no ver vulnerada, con ocasión del lanzamiento, su vida privada, su salud o, como derecho instrumental de aquéllos, su derecho a la vivienda propiamente dicho) y tercero, la disponibilidad de recursos materiales para el ejercicio de la función jurisdiccional (que condicionará el grado en que es posible realizar el lanzamiento en un plazo razonable sin vulnerar al propio tiempo derechos fundamentales de los ocupantes). Se destaca la relevancia que en esta ecuación desempeña el principio de proporcionalidad. Se sugiere que el papel que en la gestión de los recursos a disposición de la administración de justicia ha de desempeñar la nueva organización de la oficina judicial española puede potenciar la función de tutela y garantía de los derechos fundamentales que corresponde a los tribunales

El lanzamiento de vivienda como proceso de ejecución con todas las garantías

En el proceso de desalojo de vivienda (lanzamiento) concurren derechos fundamentales del demandante-ejecutante (por ejemplo, el de propiedad o el derecho a la ejecución forzosa de la sentencia en plazo razonable) y del demandado (como aquellos que protegen su integridad física y su vida privada y familiar). Analizamos si corresponde a los tribunales, desarrollando procesos de ejecución, garantizar, empleando juicios de proporcionalidad, la eficacia de todos los derechos en presencia o s~ por el contrario, deben entregar la vivienda sin importar las consecuencias que esto ocasione a los ocupantes, dejando a otros poderes del Estado la responsabilidad de evitar que los derechos del acusado sean socavados. Concluimos que solo la primera opción permite calificar al lanzamiento como proceso debido, derecho humano y fundamental, y evita calificar la acción emprendida como desalojo forzoso, proscrito por el Derecho Internacional de los derechos humanos, la Constitución Española y la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil.In the process of eviction from house are involved applicant's fundamental rights (as the right to property and the right to enforcement within a reasonable time of judgments) and fundamental rights of the defendant (those which protect certain vital conditions as physical integrity or privacy, for example, and, of course, housing rights). The key issue is whether it is for the courts to develop judicial processes to give effect to all rights in presence (through proportionality analysis) or, conversely, whether the court should simply hand the property to the plaintiff, whatever the consequences for the occupants evicted, leaving to other branches of government the responsibility to avoid the defendant’s rights from being undermined. Only the first option constitutes a due process as a human and fundamental right that, simultaneously, avoid the forced eviction forbidden by the international human rights Law, the Spanish Constitution and the Civil Procedure Law

Models teòrics explicatius de l'aprenentatge motor

En este artículo se repasan los principales modelos teóricos explicativos del aprendizaje motor. En un primer apartado se comentan las aportaciones propias de la psicología cognitiva y más concretamente del corriente del procesamiento de la información: la Teoría del bucle cerrado de Jack Adams y la Teoría del esquema de Richard Schmidt. Posteriormente, se exponen las críticas que han recibido estos modelos y, para hacerlo, se introducen las principales aportaciones que el científico ruso Nikolai Bernstein hizo al estudio del aprendizaje y el control motor. A partir de estas aportaciones, se introducen las formulaciones teóricas que, surgidas desde la perspectiva dinámica-ecológica, pretenden superar las limitaciones de los modelos cognitivos. Finalmente, se comparan las dos perspectivas y se sugieren algunas posibles vías de desarrollo futuro del campo que nos ocupa

Models teòrics explicatius de l'aprenentatge motor

En este artículo se repasan los principales modelos teóricos explicativos del aprendizaje motor. En un primer apartado se comentan las aportaciones propias de la psicología cognitiva y más concretamente del corriente del procesamiento de la información: la Teoría del bucle cerrado de Jack Adams y la Teoría del esquema de Richard Schmidt. Posteriormente, se exponen las críticas que han recibido estos modelos y, para hacerlo, se introducen las principales aportaciones que el científico ruso Nikolai Bernstein hizo al estudio del aprendizaje y el control motor. A partir de estas aportaciones, se introducen las formulaciones teóricas que, surgidas desde la perspectiva dinámica-ecológica, pretenden superar las limitaciones de los modelos cognitivos. Finalmente, se comparan las dos perspectivas y se sugieren algunas posibles vías de desarrollo futuro del campo que nos ocupa. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Cet article permet à l’auteur de réviser les principaux modèles théoriques explicatifs de l’apprentissage moteur. Dans un premier chapitre, il commente les contributions propres de la psychologie cognitive et plus concrètement du courant du traitement de l’information: la théorie en boucle fermée de Jack Adams et la théorie du schéma de Richard Schmidt. Ensuite, il expose les critiques qu’ont reçues ces modèles et, pour ce faire, il introduit les principales contributions que le scientifique russe Nikolaï Bernstein a faites à l’étude de l’apprentissage et du contrôle moteur. À partir de ces contributions, il introduit les formulations théoriques, issues de la perspective dynamico-écologique, qui prétendent aller au-delà des limites des modèles cognitifs. Enfin, il compare les deux perspectives et suggèrent certaines voies possibles pour le développement à venir du domaine qui nous intéresse.En este artículo se repasan los principales modelos teóricos explicativos del aprendizaje motor. En un primer apartado se comentan las aportaciones propias de la psicología cognitiva y más concretamente del corriente del procesamiento de la información: la Teoría del bucle cerrado de Jack Adams y la Teoría del esquema de Richard Schmidt. Posteriormente, se exponen las críticas que han recibido estos modelos y, para hacerlo, se introducen las principales aportaciones que el científico ruso Nikolai Bernstein hizo al estudio del aprendizaje y el control motor. A partir de estas aportaciones, se introducen las formulaciones teóricas que, surgidas desde la perspectiva dinámica-ecológica, pretenden superar las limitaciones de los modelos cognitivos. Finalmente, se comparan las dos perspectivas y se sugieren algunas posibles vías de desarrollo futuro del campo que nos ocupa.In this article they go over the principle explanatory theoretical models of the learning motor. First of all they comment on the contributions made by cognitive psychology and more specifically of the ordinary processing of information: A Closed Loop Theory of Motor Control by Jack Adams and the Theory of the Plan by Richard Schmidt. Later, there is an explanation of the criticism that these models have received and, to do so, they introduce the principal contributions that the Russian scientist Nikolai Bernstein made with his study on learning and the control motor. From these contributions, they introduced the theoretical formulations with which, arisen from the dynamicecological perspective, they try to overcome the limitations of the cognitive models. Finally, they compare the two perspectives and suggest some possible channels of future development in the field of education

Total, Bioavailable, and Free Vitamin D Levels and Their Prognostic Value in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Introduction: Epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. However, whether total, bioavailable, and/or free vitamin D levels have a prognostic role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is unknown. We aimed to determine total, bioavailable, and free 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)vitD) plasma levels and their prognostic value in PAH patients. Methods: In total, 67 samples of plasma from Spanish patients with idiopathic, heritable, or drug-induced PAH were obtained from the Spanish PH Biobank and compared to a cohort of 100 healthy subjects. Clinical parameters were obtained from the Spanish Registry of PAH (REHAP). Results: Seventy percent of PAH patients had severe vitamin D deficiency (total 25(OH)vitD < 10 ng/mL) and secondary hyperparathyroidism. PAH patients with total 25(OH)vitD plasma above the median of this cohort (7.17 ng/mL) had better functional class and higher 6-min walking distance and TAPSE (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion). The main outcome measure of survival was significantly increased in these patients (age-adjusted hazard ratio: 5.40 (95% confidence interval: 2.88 to 10.12)). Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and albumin plasma levels were downregulated in PAH. Bioavailable 25(OH)vitD was decreased in PAH patients compared to the control cohort. Lower levels of bioavailable 25(OH)vitD (<0.91 ng/mL) were associated with more advanced functional class, lower exercise capacity, and higher risk of mortality. Free 25(OH)vitD did not change in PAH; however, lower free 25(OH)vitD (<1.53 pg/mL) values were also associated with high risk of mortality. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in PAH, and low levels of total 25(OH)vitD were associated with poor prognosis

Recent advances on dendrogeomorphological research applied to flood hazard analysis in Spain.

Estudios dendroecológicos para el análisis de regímentes torrenciales y avenida

Inflammatory potential of diet and bone mineral density in a senior Mediterranean population : a cross-sectional analysis of PREDIMED-Plus study

Inflammation could play a key role in tissue damage and bone metabolism. The modified dietary inflammatory score (M-DIS) is a validated tool to estimate the inflammatory potential of the diet. In the present study, we evaluate the associations between the M-DIS and bone mineral density (BMD) in a senior Mediterranean population with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. Baseline cross-sectional association between the M-DIS and bone mineral density was assessed in 1134 participants of the multicenter PREDIMED-Plus trial (aged 55-75 with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome). BMD was measured using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry scans and participants answered a food frequency questionnaire to determine the M-DIS. BMD was categorized as low BMD when T score was equal or lower than -1 and normal BMD in another case. Associations between BMD and M-DIS were evaluated by using linear and logistic regressions adjusted by other co-variates. Participants in the top tertile of the M-DIS had a lower BMD at total femur [β (95% CI) − 0.02 (− 0.04, − 0.01)], trochanter areas [β (95% CI) − 0.03 (− 0.05, − 0.01)] and lumbar spine area [β (95% CI) − 0.03 (− 0.07, 0.01)] (but in the last case, measures were less precise and hence not statistically significant) compared to those in the lower M-DIS tertile. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the odds of the total femur and femoral trochanter osteopenia/osteoporosis were higher in participants in the top tertile compared to those in the lowest tertile of M-DIS [OR (95% CI) 1.71 (1.12, 2.64), P for trend 0.015; 2.02 (1.29, 3.21), P for trend 0.002, respectively]. A high pro-inflammatory diet, measured by the M-DIS, is associated with lower BMD in a senior Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02751-5

Prokaryotic Community Structure and Metabolisms in Shallow Subsurface of Atacama Desert Playas and Alluvial Fans After Heavy Rains: Repairing and Preparing for Next Dry Period

The Atacama Desert, the oldest and driest desert on Earth, displays significant rains only once per decade. To investigate how microbial communities take advantage of these sporadic wet events, we carried out a geomicrobiological study a few days after a heavy rain event in 2015. Different physicochemical and microbial community analyses were conducted on samples collected from playas and an alluvial fan from surface, 10, 20, 50, and 80 cm depth. Gravimetric moisture content peaks were measured in 10 and 20 cm depth samples (from 1.65 to 4.1% w/w maximum values) while, in general, main anions such as chloride, nitrate, and sulfate concentrations increased with depth, with maximum values of 13-1,125; 168-10,109; and 9,904-30,952 ppm, respectively. Small organic anions such as formate and acetate had maximum concentrations from 2.61 to 3.44 ppm and 6.73 to 28.75 ppm, respectively. Microbial diversity inferred from DNA analysis showed Actinobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria as the most abundant and widespread bacterial taxa among the samples, followed by Chloroflexi and Firmicutes at specific sites. Archaea were mainly dominated by Nitrososphaerales, Methanobacteria, with the detection of other groups such as Halobacteria. Metaproteomics showed a high and even distribution of proteins involved in primary metabolic processes such as energy production and biosynthetic pathways, and a limited but remarkable presence of proteins related to resistance to environmental stressors such as radiation, oxidation, or desiccation. The results indicated that extra humidity in the system allows the microbial community to repair, and prepare for the upcoming hyperarid period. Additionally, it supplies biomarkers to the medium whose preservation potential could be high under strong desiccation conditions and relevant for planetary exploration.Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional Grants [ESP2014-58494-R, ESP2015-69540-R, ESP2017-89053-C2-2-P]; NASA ASTEP "Life in the Atacama (LITA)" project [NNX11AJ87G]; NASA Astrobiology Institute Colaborative Agreement 7 (CAN-7) project [NNX15BB01A]; Comunidad de Madrid/European Union YEI program; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (MINECO); "Maria de Maeztu" program [MDM-2017-0737]Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]