A versatile trigger and synchronization module with IEEE1588 capabilities and EPICS support.

Event timing and synchronization are two key aspects to improve in the implementation of distributed data acquisition (dDAQ) systems such as the ones used in fusion experiments. It is also of great importance the integration of dDAQ in control and measurement networks. This paper analyzes the applicability of the IEEE1588 and EPICS standards to solve these problems, and presents a hardware module implementation based in both of them that allow adding these functionalities to any DAQ. The IEEE1588 standard facilitates the integration of event timing and synchronization mechanisms in distributed data acquisition systems based on IEEE 803.3 (Ethernet). An optimal implementation of such system requires the use of network interface devices which include specific hardware resources devoted to the IEE1588 functionalities. Unfortunately, this is not the approach followed in most of the large number of applications available nowadays. Therefore, most solutions are based in software and use standard hardware network interfaces. This paper presents the development of a hardware module (GI2E) with IEEE1588 capabilities which includes USB, RS232, RS485 and CAN interfaces. This permits to integrate any DAQ element that uses these interfaces in dDAQ systems in an efficient and simple way. The module has been developed with Motorola's Coldfire MCF5234 processor and National Semiconductors's PHY DP83640T, providing it with the possibility to implement the PTP protocol of IEEE1588 by hardware, and therefore increasing its performance over other implementations based in software. To facilitate the integration of the dDAQ system in control and measurement networks the module includes a basic Input/Output Controller (IOC) functionality of the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) architecture. The paper discusses the implementation details of this module and presents its applications in advanced dDAQ applications in the fusion community

Optical Detection of Surface Defects in Oranges

An optical-based sorting device for oranges is presented. Its design has been based on homogeneity of illumination and detection of the light reflected and scattered by the fruit. Several configurations are studied and compared under semiempirical formulations .A general purpose microprocessor based hardware is proposed. A sorting rate over 10 fruits per second on each channel is achieved

Artificial insemination of queen bees

The race commonly used by spanish beekeepers is Apis mellifera iberica. Up to date, any selection process has been carried out with this race, and a lot of characteristics in the colony can be improved. Artificial insemination is a technique used in order to control genetic origin, and open a way to control those tasks usefull for beekeepers, both productive (honey, pollen or royal jelly production...) o linked with behaviour (agresiveless, short tendency to swarming, natural resistance to disesases...)Apis mellifera iberica es la raza de abeja que utilizan los apicultores actualmente en España. Las características de esta abeja aún están por mejorar, ya que hasta el momento no se ha desarrollado ningún programa de selección que la afecte. La inseminación artificial es la técnica que se utiliza para controlar el origen genético de los progenitores, pudiendo seleccionar aquellos caracteres que sean más interesantes para el apicultor, ya sean estos de tipo productivo (kilogramos de miel, polen, jalea real, etc) o de comportamiento (menor agresividad, menor tendencia a la enjambrazón, resistencia a enfermedades, etc)

Grooming in Apis mellifera iberica

We checked grooming in 8 colonies of the race Apis mellifera iberica. We studied fallen mites on plastic sheets put on the bottom board. Tests were repeated 12 times. Grooming was detected in A. m. iberica race: 5.07 percent of living mites and 50.85 percent of died mites were injuried. Damages were present in legs and body. Grooming can be an important character for selection of tolerant bees to varroosis.El principal problema de índole patológico de la apicultura actual es una parasitosis provocada por el ácaro Varroa jacobsoni Oud. En los últimos tiempos se han descrito comportamientos en diferentes razas de abejas capaces de detectar, morder y eliminar los parásitos. A estos comportamientos se les conoce como grooming, y es una posible vía para la selección de abejas tolerantes a enfermedades, aunque no la única. En nuestro trabajo hemos descrito este comportamiento en Apis mellifera iberica, la raza de abeja habitualmente usada en nuestra apicultura. Los parásitos eran recogidos en bandejas situadas en el fondo de las colmenas. El 5,07 p.100 de los parásitos recogidos vivos y el 50,85 p.100 de los muertos presentaron daños. Los daños se repartieron entre los apéndices y el idiosoma. Esto abre una camino a la esperanza de mejorar la respuesta de autodefensa en la mencionada raza frente al parásito

Intercalary membrane as the inner wall overlying optic and chorio-retinal colobomas. Deep penetration Swept Source-OCT study.

Five eyes of four patients were studied to analyze the structure of the inner wall of optic and chorioretinal colobomas using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). The colobomatous cavities and their relationship with adjacent structures were examined. SS-OCT permitted the study of the colobomatous cavities in all cases. In four of those cases, a Y-shaped intercalary membrane (ICM) was identified, with an origin in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), which covered the coloboma and in one case the coloboma was in contact with the vitreous cavity. Vitreous adhesion to the internal wall of the coloboma was found in three cases. No clinical or tomographic maculopathy was observed in any patient. High-resolution deep penetration SS-OCT allows in vivo study of optic and chorioretinal colobomas, identifying the RNFL as the main component of the ICM overlying the colobomatous cavities

Climatic applicability of downdraught evaporative cooling in the United States of America

The potential for application of downdraught cooling in the United States of America (U.S.) depends on its climatic characteristics. However, due to the large geographic span of the country, it varies due to differences in latitude, and a range of geographic features influencing climate, including altitude, topography and terrain. This study describes the development of climatic applicability maps of downdraught cooling in the U.S., which can aid designers in the initial identification of the correct cooling strategy for the geographic area of interest. The proposed approach is based on a set of maps, which are derived from two related climatic indexes: dry bulb temperature to wet bulb temperature depression (DBT−WBT), representing the climatic opportunity, and 26ºC minus wet bulb temperature (26ºC−WBT), representing the climatic opportunity against the theoretical cooling requirement for each location. The downdraught cooling strategy and degree of applicability is classified in the map, based on the aforementioned climatic and cooling parameters. Finally, four representative buildings in four different regions with different climatic conditions were selected for climatic analysis. This resulted in the identification of some climate zones for downdraught cooling application in the U.S. and the suggestion of appropriate design strategies for each of them

Queen rearing of apis mellifera iberica

Apis mellifera iberica is the spanish bee race mostly used by breeders. Queen rearing is necessary for genetic selection . Our research team uses the Doolittle method; Mainly it is based on transfering young (a few hours old) worker larvae to artificial queen cells. Larvae are reared in queenless colonies. After sealed, queen cells are kept in an incubator chamber. Mean percentage of alive queens during a season reaches 80 p.100.Apis mellifera iberica es la abeja habitualmente usada por los apicultores en España. Para la mejora de esta raza es esencial la cría controlada de abejas reinas. Nuestro equipo de investigación emplea el método Doolittle, consistente en el transvase de larvas de obreras con pocas horas de vida a celdillas reales artificiales. Estas larvas son criadas en colmenas huérfanas hasta su operculación y, posteriormente, mantenidas en incubadoras hasta el nacimiento. El éxito medio alcanzado a lo largo de la temporada es del 80 p.100

Position-dependent noncommutative products: classical construction and field theory

We look in Euclidean $R^4$ for associative star products realizing the commutation relation $[x^\mu,x^\nu]=i\Theta^{\mu\nu}(x)$, where the noncommutativity parameters $\Theta^{\mu\nu}$ depend on the position coordinates $x$. We do this by adopting Rieffel's deformation theory (originally formulated for constant $\Theta$ and which includes the Moyal product as a particular case) and find that, for a topology $R^2 \times R^2$, there is only one class of such products which are associative. It corresponds to a noncommutativity matrix whose canonical form has components $\Theta^{12}=-\Theta^{21}=0$ and $\Theta^{34}=-\Theta^{43}= \theta(x^1,x^2)$, with $\th(x^1,x^2)$ an arbitrary positive smooth bounded function. In Minkowski space-time, this describes a position-dependent space-like or magnetic noncommutativity. We show how to generalize our construction to $n\geq 3$ arbitrary dimensions and use it to find traveling noncommutative lumps generalizing noncommutative solitons discussed in the literature. Next we consider Euclidean $\lambda\phi^4$ field theory on such a noncommutative background. Using a zeta-like regulator, the covariant perturbation method and working in configuration space, we explicitly compute the UV singularities. We find that, while the two-point UV divergences are non-local, the four-point UV divergences are local, in accordance with recent results for constant $\Theta$.Comment: 1+22 pages, no figure

Algorithm for calculating the analytic solution for economic dispatch with multiple fuel units

AbstractThe problem of economic dispatch with multiple fuel units has been widely addressed via different techniques using approximate methods due to the exponential complexity of full enumeration in the underlying combinatory problem. A method has recently been outlined by Min et al. (2008)[12], that allows the problem to be solved in an exact way in polynomial time. In this paper, we present an alternative technique and take this idea further, studying and comparing two algorithms of polynomial complexity: basic recurrence and divide-and-conquer. Moreover, we provide the exact solution to the problem by Lin and Viviani (1984)[1], that constitutes the traditional test for all approximate methods and present a comprehensive survey of several heuristic approaches