Analysis of a class of boundary value problems depending on left and right Caputo fractional derivatives

In this work we study boundary value problems associated to a nonlinear fractional ordinary differential equation involving left and right Caputo derivatives. We discuss the regularity of the solutions of such problems and, in particular, give precise necessary conditions so that the solutions are C1([0, 1]). Taking into account our analytical results, we address the numerical solution of those problems by the augmented-RBF method. Several examples illustrate the good performance of the numerical method.P.A. is partially supported by FCT, Portugal, through the program “Investigador FCT” with reference IF/00177/2013 and the scientific projects PEstOE/MAT/UI0208/2013 and PTDC/MAT-CAL/4334/2014. R.F. was supported by the “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)” through the program “Investigador FCT” with reference IF/01345/2014.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Enzymatic Synthesis of Inulin-Containing Hydrogels

The Bacillus subtilis protease Proleather FG-F catalyzed the transesterification of inulin with vinyl acrylate (VA) in dimethylformamide (DMF). The reaction conversion for different VA concentrations was greater than 57% after 96 h at 50 °C. The degree of substitution (DS, defined as the amount of acrylate groups per 100 inulin fructofuranoside residues) with acrylate moieties can be controlled by varying the molar ratio of VA to inulin. Reasonable yields were obtained (44−51%, 2 days) using a two-step purification methodology. Inulin derivatized with VA (Inul-VA) was characterized by gel permeation chromatography, and its structure was established by 1H, 13C, and 1H−1H correlation spectroscopy and 1H−13C heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence NMR. The main positional isomer was at the 6 position of the fructofuranoside residue and two other minor isomers were observed at the 3 and 4 positions. Thus, the enzymatic reaction was largely regioselective. Furthermore, the inulin fructose residues were monosubstituted. Gels with swelling ratios at equilibrium of up to ca. 20 were prepared by free radical polymerization of aqueous solutions of Inul-VA with different DS and monomer concentrations. Gel pore sizes were calculated from swelling experiments and range from 19 to 57 Å. To our knowledge, this work reports the first successful enzymatic modification of a polysaccharide solubilized in 100% DMF solution

Model-based estimation of reaction rates in stirred tank bioreactors

In this paper an adaptive model-based algorithm is proposed for the on-line estimation of reaction rates in stirred tank bioreactors. The main design condition imposes that the observation errors reflecting the mismatch between the estimated parameters and the 'true' values follow second-order dynamics of convergence. The gain matrices are shown to be functions of the state and of user-defined damping coefficients and natural periods of oscillation for second-order trajectories. The application of the algorithm is illustrated with a simple case-study involving the estimation of the specific reaction rate for a single substrate, single product scheme.Junta Nacional de Investigação Científica e Tecnológica (JNICT)

Stability, dynamics of convergence and tuning of observer-based kinetics estimators

This work discusses issues concerning stability, tuning and dynamics of convergence of observer-based kinetics estimators. The analysis focuses on both continuous and discrete time formulations of the estimation algorithms. Concerning the former, it is shown that, with proper tuning, stability can be guaranteed, while simultaneously imposing a desired quasi-time invariant second order time response for the convergence of estimates to true values. Concerning the latter, an algorithm is presented, based on a forward Euler discretisation, whose error system is shown to be linear time-invariant. Furthermore, stability conditions were derived, which define the stable domain for the discretisation period as function of the tuning parameters. The theory is illustrated with a case-study of Baker’s yeast fermentation. Results clearly confirm the theoretical developments. In particular, results concerning the stability domain for the Euler-based discrete formulation of the estimator are shown to have relevant practical implications

Aumento da durabilidade do betão através da utilização de metacaulino e látex: um caso de estudo

Com o objectivo de avaliar o comportamento de betões incorporando adições e aditivos, alguns pilares da nova ponte sobre o Rio Ave foram construídos com diferentes composições. Neste trabalho, são apresentados os resultados experimentais relacionados com o desempenho dos betões fabricados com metacaulino e látex. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o metacaulino e o látex tornam os betões menos permeáveis à água, melhoram a resistência à penetração de cloretos e não prejudicam o desenvolvimento da resistência à compressão a longo prazo.Auto-estradas do Norte (AENOR ) Portugal. Mota-Engil

Measuring evidence-based practice in physical therapy: a mix-methods study

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is considered the “holy grail” to manage patients by health practitioners (such as physical therapists). However, sometimes, patients are not treated with the best interventions for their condition. Although studies already explored the facilitators and barriers for this issue, they increase in the level of importance if the information gathered are context appropriated. As the profession is relatively new in Portugal, currently little is known about the implementation of EBP in Portuguese physical therapists context. So, the aim of this study is to know if the Portuguese physical therapists use an EBP, and collect and deeper understand the factors, barriers and facilitators associated with EBP. Methods: This study incorporated a mixed-methods design (quantitative and qualitative). In an attempt to ensure the correct population sample, a national professional association e-mail database and the e-mails of past students from national schools were requested. For the quantitative data it was choose an e-survey, adapted from the EBP: Beliefs, Attitudes, Knowledge, and Behaviors of Physical Therapists Portuguese version questionnaire, consisted of 55 close-ended questions. It was analyzed response frequencies and associations between variables with logistic regression analyses. For the qualitative data, it was choose to perform semi-structured interviews in purposefully selected physical therapists to include different sociodemographic factors (especially those found to be statistically significant in the logistic regression) and survey responses regarding the physical therapists’ beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors. The interviews were performed in an online software, where only audio contact was performed. The audios were anonymized and verbatim transcribed, and the texts explored by the thematic approach. Results: From the 277 physical therapists that shown interest in participating in the study, 193 fully completed the questionnaire and, from those, 10 participated in the interviews. The Portuguese physical therapists reported positive beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors regarding EBP. Among the physical therapists characteristics it seems that age (younger therapists), education (participating in continuing education courses; belonging to practice-orientated organizations; having a doctorate degree; pursuing a higher academic degree; and being a clinical instructor), and workplace (working for someone else account; and academic sector) are the main factors in the Portuguese EBP implementation. The Portuguese physical therapists, beyond the physical therapists individual characteristics and workplace, also stated that evidence, patients, clinical experience, schools, country and physical therapy characteristics, may behave as facilitators or barriers when performing an EBP.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Physical therapists’ choices, views and agreements regarding non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions for knee osteoarthritis patients: a mixed-methods study

The aims of this study are to collect the most common non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions used by the Portuguese physical therapists in their knee osteoarthritis patients, and to deeper understand the factors associated to their intervention choices. Methods: This study incorporated a mixed-methods design. For the quantitative data it was choose an e-survey (with 25 close-end questions, plus general information of the study and a clinical vignette), retrieving sociodemographic and self-reported practice on knee osteoarthritis information. It was analysed response frequencies and associations between variables with logistic regression analyses. For the qualitative data, it was chosen to perform semi-structured interviews in purposefully selected physical therapists to include different sociodemographic factors and survey responses regarding the physical therapists’ interventions chosen. After the interviews, the audios were collected, anonymised, transcribed verbatim, and the texts explored by the thematic approach. Results: From the 277 PTs that shown interest in participating in the study, 120 fully completed the questionnaire and, from those, 10 participated in the interviews. The most chosen interventions included Resistance Exercise, Manual Therapy, Nutrition/Weight Loss, Self-care/Education, Stretching and Aquatic Exercise. Furthermore, it seems that PTs’ individual characteristics (age, experience, and clinical reasoning), patient’s characteristics (clinical findings and preferences), and work-related factors (facility type, work environment and available resources) are the main actors responsible for an intervention chosen. Conclusions: In the Portuguese PTs context the most important interventions are Exercise, Manual Therapy, Nutrition/Weight Loss, and Self-care/Education; these interventions chosen may be influenced by PT, patient and work-related factors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Eating behaviours in youths: a comparison between female and male athletes and non-athletes

Article first published online: 25 JUL 2013Objective: This study compared the different factors associated with eating behaviours among young female and male athletes and non-athletes. Method: A total of 580 female and male athletes and 362 female and male non-athletes between 10 and 19 years old participated. We used the subscales of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) to evaluate the factors associated with unhealthy eating behaviours. Results: We found higher scores for females on the Diet subscale compared with males, regardless of athletic group (p < .05). Non-athlete youths scored higher on this subscale compared with male athletes (p < .05). Our findings indicate higher scores for female athletes with regard to the Bulimia and Preoccupation with Food subscale compared with other the groups (p < .05). Moreover, we observed that non-athlete males were more likely to engage in binge eating compared with athletes of the same sex (p < .05). Finally, females had higher scores on the Oral Self subscale than males, regardless of athletic group (p < .05). Conclusion: We concluded that the factors associated with eating behaviours differ with regard to sex and group

Individualized anesthesia: independent predictive factors for the propofol induction target

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A framework for the integrated analysis of metabolic and regulatory networks

The analysis of cellular behavior and functionality is the most challenging aim of systems biology. The extensive analysis of the interactions between different classes of intra-cellular molecules reacting to genetic/environment changes can elucidate the mechanisms of regulation involved on different cellular processes. We propose a novel framework that enables the integrated analysis of metabolic and regulatory networks. The framework takes advantage on publicly available data repositories, sustaining the inference of knowledge from the integrated network. Since it is based on logic programming, it provides users with a powerful language to query information using both first and second order predicates. Also, it supports network topology analysis, motif finding and robustness evaluation. In this work, as an illustrative case study, our framework is used to build a model of the bacterium Escherichia coli K12