Asociación entre el polimorfismo rs2794521 de la PCR y riesgo de shock séptico en pacientes postquirúrgicos

El propósito principal de este estudio es determinar si el polimorfismo de un solo nucleótido rs2794521 del gen de la PCR, relacionado con la inmunidad innata, se asocia al desarrollo de shock séptico después de una cirugía mayor. Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en 507 pacientes que habían sido sometidos a cirugía cardíaca o abdominal en el Hospital Clínico de Valladolid (España). El polimorfismo rs2794521 fue genotipado por MassARRAY. El análisis de asociación se realizó bajo un modelo genético de herencia recesiva (CC vs TT/CT). Se incluyeron un total de 507 pacientes con una edad media de 73 años y un 63% eran hombres. El análisis de supervivencia mostró que a pesar de que la variable CC del polimorfismo se asocia significativamente al desarrollo del shock séptico, la genética no se relacionó de forma estadísticamente significativa con la supervivencia en diferentes puntos de tiempo (a los 7, 28, 60 y 90 días). Los pacientes con el genotipo rs2794521 TT/CT tuvieron probabilidad de supervivencia más alta que el genotipo rs2794521 CC a los 7 días (p = 0.214), a los 28 días (p = 0.49), a los 60 días (p = 0.673) y a los 90 días (p= 0.669). El genotipo rs2794521 CC no se asoció con mayor riesgo de muerte relacionada con shock séptico durante los primeros 7, 28, 60 y 90 días. Por tipo de cirugía, ni la cirugía abdominal, ni la cardiaca mostraron algún efecto significativo sobre la mortalidad. Los pacientes con genotipo rs2794521 TT/CT no tuvieron un mayor riesgo de muerte relacionado con el shock séptico después de cirugía mayor cardíaca o abdominal. Estos hallazgos necesitan una validación en cohortes independientes más grandes.Grado en Medicin

Mujeres republicanas de Jaén y la dictadura franquista : repercusión en sus historias de vida

El objetivo prioritario de esta ponencia es el de aproximar al alumnado al conocimiento de un pasado muy reciente de nuestra historia para que sea capaz de reinterpretarlo con una visión crítica y global, reescribiendo la Historia para incorporar la visibilidad de las mujeres. Nuestro estudio recoge experiencias de vida de mujeres que no han tenido ningún tipo reconocimiento o valoración en documentos ni en libros de Historia y que, sin embargo, son protagonistas de una parte de nuestra historia más reciente; la aportación de sus vivencias nos parece realmente útil para comprender de forma más ajustada y completa los años que comprenden el gobierno republicano, antes y durante la guerra civil, y los años de represión vividos durante la dictadura franquista. Entendemos que es necesario mostrar el papel de las mujeres en estos años porque salvo casos excepcionales se olvidan y minimizan sus actuaciones

Numerical study of broadband spectra caused by internal shocks in magnetized relativistic jets of blazars

The internal-shocks scenario in relativistic jets has been used to explain the variability of blazars' outflow emission. Recent simulations have shown that the magnetic field alters the dynamics of these shocks producing a whole zoo of spectral energy density patterns. However, the role played by magnetization in such high-energy emission is still not entirely understood. With the aid of \emph{Fermi}'s second LAT AGN catalog, a comparison with observations in the $\gamma$-ray band was performed, in order to identify the effects of the magnetic field.Comment: Proceedings of the meeting The Innermost Regions of Relativistic Jets and Their Magnetic Fields, June 10-14, 2013, Granada (Spain), 4 pages, 3 figure

Cuerpos teóricos para revisar el arte contemporáneo en Quito (1967-2007). El caso de la educación universitaria / Theoretical concepts to review contemporary art in Quito (1967-2007) The case of university education

Este artículo realiza un análisis de los dos conceptos teóricos, aplicados a dos casos específicos sobre educación universitaria en artes en Quito. Se indagará en el concepto de campo de arte que propone Bourdieu. Este concepto dará paso para  identificar espacios, agentes, instituciones y disputas del campo, es decir, delimitará el tiempo y el espacio de la investigación. Por otro lado, el concepto de regímenes de arte de Rancière permitirá pensar en la producción artística y sus cambios, tanto a nivel conceptual como a nivel técnico. Estos conceptos teóricos se aplicarán a dos experiencias de educación universitaria en artes. El enfoque en estos casos específicos, permitirá que, a pesar del carácter contradictorio con el que se han construido estos conceptos, su aplicación a los eventos del arte en el periodo planteado, sean adecuados desde una aproximación histórica.   Palabras clave: arte contemporáneo, campo de arte, regímenes de arte, educación universitaria   Abstract: This text is part of the doctoral research "Art regimes in dispute: Quito 1967-2007". This article analyzes two theoretical concepts, based on two specific cases of university arts education in Quito, during this period. It will focus on Bourdieu’s concept of field of art. This concept will give way to identify spaces, agents, institutions and disputes in the field. On the other hand, Rancière’s concept of art regimes will be used as a discussion opener about the artistic production and its changes, both conceptually and technically. This theoretical analysis will focus on two experiences of university education in arts; the focus on these specific cases will allow their application to art events in the period stated as suitable from a historical approach, despite the contradictory nature with which Bourdieu and Rancière have built them.   Keywords: contemporary art, field of art, art regimes, universit

Bioética, saúde mental e gênero

This paper focuses on the development of three main concepts, representing our time, whose definition and initial impact has changed in the last years: bioethics, mental health care and gender. It analyzes their interrelationship using data from the epidemiological research carried out in Lima, Peru, by the National Institute of Mental Health Care of Woman in "united women"Este artículo enfoca el desarrollo de tres importantes conceptos, propios de nuestra era, cuya definición y alcance inicial han cambiado en los últimos años: bioética, salud mental y género. Analiza su interrelación, utilizando datos del estudio epidemiológico hecho en Lima, Perú, por el Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental en "mujeres unidas".Este artigo enfoca o desenvolvimento de três importantes conceitos, próprios de nosso tempo, cuja definição e alcance inicial mudaram nos últimos anos: bioética, saúde mental e gênero. Analisa sua inter-relação, utilizando dados do estudo epidemiológico feito em Lima, Perú, pelo Instituto Ncional de Saúde Mental

Conocemos espacios y lugares con miradas de mujer

Mujeres y hombres han viajado, explorado e investigado el espacio geográfico permitiéndonos conocer lugares que a veces ni podían ser imaginados. El riesgo que suponía la aventura de viajar a entornos totalmente desconocidos, hizo creer que estos conocimientos sólo podían ser aportados por hombres ya que supuestamente eran los únicos capaces de realizar aventuras de este tipo. El objetivo de este trabajo es doble. En primer lugar queremos hacer visibles a un grupo de esas mujeres, conocer sus nombres y las aportaciones que hicieron, para de este modo valorarlas y rescatarlas del olvido a nivel académico y social; y un segundo objetivo, necesario para que esta visibilidad sea real y se generalice, consiste en aportar un material didáctico básico sobre el tema

Signalling Pathways Implicated in Alzheimer's Disease Neurodegeneration in Individuals with and without Down Syndrome

Down syndrome (DS), the most common cause of intellectual disability of genetic origin, is characterized by alterations in central nervous system morphology and function that appear from early prenatal stages. However, by the fourth decade of life, all individuals with DS develop neuropathology identical to that found in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), including the development of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles due to hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, loss of neurons and synapses, reduced neurogenesis, enhanced oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. It has been proposed that DS could be a useful model for studying the etiopathology of AD and to search for therapeutic targets. There is increasing evidence that the neuropathological events associated with AD are interrelated and that many of them not only are implicated in the onset of this pathology but are also a consequence of other alterations. Thus, a feedback mechanism exists between them. In this review, we summarize the signalling pathways implicated in each of the main neuropathological aspects of AD in individuals with and without DS as well as the interrelation of these pathways.This research was funded by the Institute of Research Valdecilla (IDIVAL), grant number: NVAL 19/23, approval date: 1 january 202

Cellular Senescence in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Cellular senescence is a homeostatic biological process characterized by a permanent state of cell cycle arrest that can contribute to the decline of the regenerative potential and function of tissues. The increased presence of senescent cells in different neurodegenerative diseases suggests the contribution of senescence in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Although several factors can induce senescence, DNA damage, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and altered proteostasis have been shown to play a role in its onset. Oxidative stress contributes to accelerated aging and cognitive dysfunction stages affecting neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, connectivity, and survival. During later life stages, it is implicated in the progression of cognitive decline, synapse loss, and neuronal degeneration. Also, neuroinflammation exacerbates oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal death through the harmful effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on cell proliferation and maturation. Both oxidative stress and neuroinflammation can induce DNA damage and alterations in DNA repair that, in turn, can exacerbate them. Another important feature associated with senescence is altered proteostasis. Because of the disruption in the function and balance of the proteome, senescence can modify the proper synthesis, folding, quality control, and degradation rate of proteins producing, in some diseases, misfolded proteins or aggregation of abnormal proteins. There is an extensive body of literature that associates cellular senescence with several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Down syndrome (DS), and Parkinson's disease (PD). This review summarizes the evidence of the shared neuropathological events in these neurodegenerative diseases and the implication of cellular senescence in their onset or aggravation. Understanding the role that cellular senescence plays in them could help to develop new therapeutic strategies.This study was supported by Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno, IDIVAL, the grant reference (NVAL 19/23) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; PSI-2016-76194-R, AEI/FEDER, EU)

Mouse Models of Down Syndrome as a Tool to Unravel the Causes of Mental Disabilities

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of mental disability. Based on the homology of Hsa21 and the murine chromosomes Mmu16, Mmu17 and Mmu10, several mouse models of DS have been developed. The most commonly used model, the Ts65Dn mouse, has been widely used to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the mental disabilities seen in DS individuals. A wide array of neuromorphological alterations appears to compromise cognitive performance in trisomic mice. Enhanced inhibition due to alterations in GABAA-mediated transmission and disturbances in the glutamatergic, noradrenergic and cholinergic systems, among others, has also been demonstrated. DS cognitive dysfunction caused by neurodevelopmental alterations is worsened in later life stages by neurodegenerative processes. A number of pharmacological therapies have been shown to partially restore morphological anomalies concomitantly with cognition in these mice. In conclusion, the use of mouse models is enormously effective in the study of the neurobiological substrates of mental disabilities in DS and in the testing of therapies that rescue these alterations. These studies provide the basis for developing clinical trials in DS individuals and sustain the hope that some of these drugs will be useful in rescuing mental disabilities in DS individuals