Factors Influencing the Formation of Biofilms on Bacilli Model Systems

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.The ability to form biofilms in natural isolate Bacillus subtilis 168 and mutants with deleted genes of regulatory proteins AbrB, DegU, CcpA, and SpoOA, constructed on its basis, was investigated to elucidate the pathways regulating biofilm formation in B. subtilis. The B. subtilis 168 wild-type forms a biofilms in the liquid medium with maximum at 48th hour of culture growth. pH optimum for the biofilm formation in the wild-type strain is in the range of 7.4–8.0. Temperature optimum was in the range of 22 to 45 °C. The level of biofilm formation for all regulatory mutants was lower than that in the wild-type for 40–50 %. Temperature and pH optima for the mutant strains are the same as for the wild-type strain—7.4–8 pH and temperature of 22–45 °C

Effect of cultivation conditions on biofilm formation of bacillus subtilis

Biofilms are the moving, constantly changing, heterogeneous bacterial communities. Microorganisms growing in a biofilm are highly resistant to both antimicrobial agents and immune mechanisms. Objective of this paper was to study the effect of extracellular and membrane-bound proteases B. subtilis on the formation of biofilms in liquid media. The strains B. subtilis 168 (wild type) and B. subtilis BRB14 (protease-deficit strain) were examined on the ability to form biofilms in liquid medium. The LB and 1% glucose LB media were used as rich culture medium, and the synthetic E-medium was chosen as poor culture medium. A decreased formation of biofilms by 20% was observed during growth in the glucose-containing LB medium as compared with the glucose-free LB medium. The level of biofilm formation in the synthetic E-medium was 7 times higher than the total level in both LB media. Under identical culture conditions, the ability of mutant strain B. subtilis to form biofilms was 10%-15% higher than the level of biofilm formation by a wild strain. By the 48th hour of growth, the level of biofilm content in the culture of both strains reached maximum and declined significantly by the 72nd hour of growth. pH-Optimum of biofilm formation by both strains B. subtilis was 7.4. The temperature optimum for the formation of biofilms for both strains B. subtilis also ranged from 22°C to 45°C. The results of the studies allow us to conclude that the extracellular and membrane-bound proteinases B. subtilis, deleted in the mutant strain, do not play a key role in the formation of biofilm, however, their effect is more significant during growth of bacteria in a nutrient-rich environment rather than in synthetic one

Energy and material assessment of municipal sewage sludge applications under circular economy

In the last decades, the amount of municipal sewage sludge generation rate has drastically increased due to population growth, spatial sewerage system development, and implementation of new treatment techniques. Nowadays, it is considered a globally prominent issue. Municipal sewage sludge contains pathogenic bacteria and viruses along with heavy metals, poorly biodegradable organic compounds, pharmaceuticals, and microplastics, which make its utilization management quite difficult. Landfill placement of sewage sludge is the most widely used technique worldwide, but is obsolete and inefficient, and accompanied by significant risk of environmental pollution with high logistics expenditure. Moreover, landfill placement means that all residual energy and potential material reuse applications are lost. The introduction of modern treatment techniques can solve the problem with sewage sludge generation, but it results in strong energy consumption increase of energy consumption. Modernization and operational policies based on circular economy principles are focused on relevant sewage sludge utilization issues with the potential use of waste-to-energy and recycling applications. The paper presents a methodological approach of cradle-to-grave assessment of sewage sludge treatment process based on energy and material flow analysis. The proposed methodology is studied within the real operational activities of big-scale wastewater treatment plants of two of the largest cities of Russia \u2013 Ekaterinburg and Perm. This investigation provides an efficient managerial tool for sustainable development that can be used by wide range of stakeholders

Efficacy of conjugate vaccines in pneumococcal infection prevention

The problem of pneumococcal infection is actual for many countries of the world in connection with high incidence and mortality. Vaccination by the 7-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine of children till 2 years is available in Russia since 2009, 13-valent – since 2012. Objectives – an assessment of clinical and epidemiological efficacy in pneumococcal infection prevention infection by catamnesis after 7-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine application. Observation over incidence of pneumonia and otitis of 50 children imparted against a pneumococcal infection is made. The indicator of density of incidence of pneumonia in group of the imparted made 9,7 on 1000 (95% of CI; 9,1–10,3) in group of comparison – 92,6 on 1000 (95% of CI; 91,3–93,9). Index of efficacy of vaccination concerning pneumonia of any etiology – 9,5, effectiveness ratio – 89,5%. The indicator of density of incidence of otitis at the imparted was 1,8 times less – 155,3 on 1000 (95% of CI; 150,9–155,7) in group of comparison – 263,9 on 1000 (95% of CI; 261,7–266,1). The index and vaccination effectiveness ratio concerning acute otitis media made 1,8 and 44,3%. Thus, vaccination against pneumococcal infection is effective as concerning community acquired pneumonia, and acute otitis media of any etiology

Interethnic tolerance development ways among pedagogical students at University

The presented article is devoted to interethnic tolerance development among pedagogical students at a university.Based on the works by B. Barber, J. Berry, A.G. Asmolov, M.S. Mirimanov, V.A. Lektorsky, G.U. Soldatov and other researchers, the authors clarified the goal and objectives of interethnic tolerance development among future teachers, and also systematized its main criteria and indicators. Also, the article presents the author's complex of pedagogical conditions that ensure the development of interethnic tolerance among pedagogical students at a university. The complex includes the following components: the use of active didactic forms and interactive teaching methods in the educational process that contribute to the formation of a tolerant worldview of students; organization of interpersonal interaction of pedagogical students by their inclusion in research activities; actualization of tolerant interethnic communication experience among future teachers through the introduction of tolerance episodes into the educational process; the development of competence among pedagogical students in the field of interethnic tolerance development among schoolchildren during the educational process

EL DESARROLLO DE LA COMPETENCIA COMUNICATIVA DE LOS ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS EN EL PROCESO DE SU FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL

O artigo apresentado é dedicado ao desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa de estudantes de instituições de ensino superior no processo de formação profissional. Com base nos trabalhos de pesquisadores como B.G. Ananiev, A.A. Bodalev, V.A. Kan-Kalik, E.D. Bozhovich, L.A. Petrovskaya, I.A. Zimnyaya, etc., os autores definiram mais exatamente o conteúdo do conceito “competência comunicativa de alunos de uma instituição de ensino superior”, sistematizaram seus critérios e indicadores (Bakholskaya, 2017; Bakholskaya, 2019; Bakholskaya, 2018; Bakholskaya, 2019; Zimnyaya 2003). O artigo também apresenta aos autores um complexo de condições pedagógicas, que garantem o desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa de estudantes universitários no processo de formação profissional. O complexo inclui os seguintes componentes: envolvimento dos alunos em um ambiente comunicativo educacional intensivo; criação de situações comunicativas com base em problemas educacionais (profissionais), garantindo a formação da competência comunicativa dos alunos; organização de vários tipos de interação em grupo entre professor e alunos, com base na aplicação de métodos, técnicas e tecnologias interativas. O artigo também apresenta os resultados do trabalho experimental, que confirmou a efetividade do complexo desenvolvido de condições pedagógicas, garantindo o desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa dos alunos no processo de formação profissional.The presented article is devoted to the development of communicative competence of students of higher educational institutions in the process of their professional training. Based on the works of such researchers as B.G. Ananiev, A.A. Bodalev, V.A. Kan-Kalik, E.D. Bozhovich, L.A. Petrovskaya, I.A. Zimnyaya, etc., the authors defined more exactly the content of the concept “communicative competence of students of a higher educational institution”, systematized its criteria and indicators (Bakholskaya, 2017; Bakholskaya, 2019; Bakholskaya, 2018; Bakholskaya, 2019; Zimnyaya, 2003). The article also presents the authors complex of pedagogical conditions, which ensure the development of communicative competence of university students in the process of their professional training. The complex includes the following components: involvement of students in an intensive educational communicative environment; creation of communicative situations on the basis of educational (professional) problems, ensuring the formation of students’ communicative competence; organization of various types of group interaction between the teacher and students, based on the application of interactive methods, techniques and technologies. The article also presents the results of experimental work, which has confirmed the effectiveness of the developed complex of pedagogical conditions, ensuring the development of students' communicative competence in the process of their professional training.    El artículo presentado está dedicado al desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa de los estudiantes de instituciones de educación superior en el proceso de su formación profesional. Basado en los trabajos de investigadores como B.G. Ananiev, A.A. Bodalev, V.A. Kan-Kalik, E.D. Bozhovich, L.A. Petrovskaya, I.A. Zimnyaya, etc., los autores definieron más exactamente el contenido del concepto "competencia comunicativa de los estudiantes de una institución de educación superior", sistematizaron sus criterios e indicadores (Bakholskaya, 2017; Bakholskaya, 2019; Bakholskaya, 2018; Bakholskaya, 2019; Zimnyaya , 2003). El artículo también presenta a los autores un complejo de condiciones pedagógicas, que aseguran el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa de los estudiantes universitarios en el proceso de su formación profesional. El complejo incluye los siguientes componentes: participación de los estudiantes en un ambiente educativo comunicativo intensivo; creación de situaciones comunicativas sobre la base de problemas educativos (profesionales), asegurando la formación de la competencia comunicativa de los estudiantes; Organización de varios tipos de interacción grupal entre el profesor y los alumnos, basados en la aplicación de métodos, técnicas y tecnologías interactivas. El artículo también presenta los resultados del trabajo experimental, que ha confirmado la efectividad del complejo desarrollado de condiciones pedagógicas, asegurando el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa de los estudiantes en el proceso de su formación profesional

Management model to become a teacher during university education

The article reveals the problem of becoming a teacher, training of a teacher with a high intellectual level of self-awareness, capable of conceptual thinking, creative activity and ready for independent management of his own professional activity, which will allow him to interact with the learning environment more effectively, to be an active subject of professional and pedagogical activity

Interethnic tolerance development ways among pedagogical students at University

The presented article is devoted to interethnic tolerance development among pedagogical students at a university.Based on the works by B. Barber, J. Berry, A.G. Asmolov, M.S. Mirimanov, V.A. Lektorsky, G.U. Soldatov and other researchers, the authors clarified the goal and objectives of interethnic tolerance development among future teachers, and also systematized its main criteria and indicators. Also, the article presents the author's complex of pedagogical conditions that ensure the development of interethnic tolerance among pedagogical students at a university. The complex includes the following components: the use of active didactic forms and interactive teaching methods in the educational process that contribute to the formation of a tolerant worldview of students; organization of interpersonal interaction of pedagogical students by their inclusion in research activities; actualization of tolerant interethnic communication experience among future teachers through the introduction of tolerance episodes into the educational process; the development of competence among pedagogical students in the field of interethnic tolerance development among schoolchildren during the educational process

The novel adams-like microbial metalloendopeptidase

Heterologous gene expression of the extracellular minor metalloendopeptidase of Bacillus pumilus 3-19 (AN EU678894) in the protease-deficient B. pumilus 3-19 strain has been studied. The enzyme fraction in the total pool of B. pumilus 3-19 proteases is less than 8%. The enzyme was isolated from the culture liquid of the recombinant strain and purified to a homogeneous state; its primary structure was determined and its physicochemical properties were investigated. The secreted metalloendopeptidase of B. pumilus 3-19 is the first prokaryotic homologue of the eukaryotic adamalysin/reprolysin protein family.© Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2012