Theory of transient spectroscopy of multiple quantum well structures

A theory of the transient spectroscopy of quantum well (QW) structures under a large applied bias is presented. An analytical model of the initial part of the transient current is proposed. The time constant of the transient current depends not only on the emission rate from the QWs, as is usually assumed, but also on the subsequent carrier transport across QWs. Numerical simulation was used to confirm the validity of the proposed model, and to study the transient current on a larger time scale. It is shown that the transient current is influenced by the nonuniform distribution of the electric field and related effects, which results in a step-like behavior of the current. A procedure of extraction of the QW emission time from the transient spectroscopy experiments is suggested.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in J. Appl. Phy

Renewables in energy supply of national forestry university of Ukraine

The necessity of switching to alternative energy sources in NFU of Ukraine has been argued. The influence of the delivery of public services on the environment, public health and energy resources has been characterized. With the load on the environment diagrams an integrated index – index of environmental energy supply has been defined

Failure to CAPTCHA Attention: Null Results from an Honesty Priming Experiment in Guatemala

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from MDPI via the DOI in this record.We report results from a large online randomised tax experiment in Guatemala. The trial involves short messages and choices presented to taxpayers as part of a CAPTCHA pop-up window immediately before they file a tax return, with the aim of priming honest declarations. In total our sample includes 627,242 taxpayers and 3,232,430 tax declarations made over four months. Treatments include: honesty declaration; information about public goods; information about penalties for dishonesty, questions allowing a taxpayer to choose which public good they think tax money should be spent on; or questions allowing a taxpayer to state a view on the penalty for not declaring honestly. We find no impact of any of these treatments on the average amount of tax declared. We discuss potential causes for this null effect and implications for ‘online nudges’ around honesty priming.This project would not have been possible without the collaboration and commitment shown by the Superintendencia de Administración Tributaria, Guatemala’s Tax Authority. We thank the institution and the team led by Mario Figueroa and Hugo Roldán for their support, patience, time, and resources. Finally, we are grateful for the help and support of colleagues at the Behavioural Insights Team, and particularly to Alex Tupper for his assistance in developing and testing our randomisation method

Faster radial strain relaxation in InAs-GaAs core-shell heterowires

The structure of wurtzite and zinc blende InAs-GaAs (001) core-shell nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (001) substrates has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Heterowires with InAs core radii exceeding 11 nm, strain relax through the generation of misfit dislocations, given a GaAs shell thickness greater than 2.5 nm. Strain relaxation is larger in radial directions than axial, particularly for shell thicknesses greater than 5.0 nm, consistent with molecular statics calculations that predict a large shear stress concentration at each interface corner

Dense Packings of Congruent Circles in Rectangles with a Variable Aspect Ratio

We use computational experiments to find the rectangles of minimum area into which a given number n of non-overlapping congruent circles can be packed. No assumption is made on the shape of the rectangles. Most of the packings found have the usual regular square or hexagonal pattern. However, for 1495 values of n in the tested range n =< 5000, specifically, for n = 49, 61, 79, 97, 107,... 4999, we prove that the optimum cannot possibly be achieved by such regular arrangements. The evidence suggests that the limiting height-to-width ratio of rectangles containing an optimal hexagonal packing of circles tends to 2-sqrt(3) as n tends to infinity, if the limit exists.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figure

Hygienic assessment of professional combined risk in case of modern multicomponent pesticides usage on maize and sunflower crops.

The results of the risk assessment of combined hazard effects of diflufenzopyr, dicamba, nicosulfuron (herbicide Kelvin Plus) and azoxystrobin, difenoconazole (fungicide Amistar Gold 250 SC) on workers involved in working with them are presented. The field study on maize and sunflower crops, in which Kelvin Plus and Amistar Gold were used at maximum flow rates of 0,4 kg/ha and 1,0 l/ha, respectively was performed. During ground handling, the working solution consumption was 300 l/ha, while during aviation – 50 l/ha. Air samples of the working area, washings from the skin, stripes on the overalls of workers were selected, followed by the determination of the residual quantities of the active substances under study in the selected samples. Hazard coefficients and indices, based on exposure and permissible inhalation and percutaneous doses (a. s.) were calculated. It has been established that the working conditions of agricultural workers are permissible, since the hazard indices of the harmful combined effect of the pesticides under study are lower than 1. Before carrying out full-scale studies, the coefficients of possible inhalation poisoning were calculated, and it was established that all pesticides under study are of low risk as for this coefficient – 4 class. An assessment of the possible occurrence of acute toxic effects when working with pesticides was made as well, that is, the selectivity coefficients of the action were determined for inhalation and percutaneous effects on humans. It was established that all investigated a. s. at inhalation influence on the person have sufficient selectivity of action, except for azoxystrobin, which has a low selectivity of action; when applied to the skin all the a. s. have sufficient selectivity of action. The use of the tested combined preparations on maize and sunflower crops does not endanger the workers, while observing the established hygienic regulations