„Einstellung“ als Vielfaktorenkategorie der Migrationsforschung

Diese religionssoziologische Arbeit untersucht Phänomene von Einstellungen, Einstellungswandel sowie Einflussfaktoren auf diesen unter den Umständen von Migration im Spannungsfeld historischer, sozialer, kultureller und politischer Einflüsse. Die Arbeit wurde angeregt durch die Entwicklung integrationspolitischer Ansätze am Anfang des 21. Jahrhunderts in Deutschland und die Situation der Zielgruppe von Menschen mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund dort. Aus Sicht der Religionswissenschaft zeigt sich die Thematik als ein interessantes Arbeitsfeld: In der öffentlichen Debatte um die Integration türkischstämmiger Personen in Deutschland spielt deren muslimische Religiosität eine maßgebliche Rolle. Die in der Debatte zum Teil sehr essentialistische Sicht auf Religion und Kultur wird in der Arbeit in Frage gestellt und die Bedeutung der Religion wird in Relation zu anderen strukturellen und kulturellen Faktoren betrachtet und somit in ihren gesellschaftlichen Kontext eingebettet

Brustkrebs: Auf dem Weg zu einer personalisierten Therapie : molekulare Subtypen und "Wirtsfaktoren" entscheiden über Prognose und Therapie-Erfolg

Brustkrebs ist die häufigste Krebserkrankung und Todesursache bei Frauen. Die Forschung der letzten Jahrzehnte hat gezeigt, dass es sich dabei nicht um eine einzelne, immer gleich verlaufende Erkrankung handelt. Vielmehr geht man heute davon aus, dass Brustkrebs eine heterogene Erkrankung mit verschiedenen Subtypen darstellt. Sie lassen sich klinisch und molekular deutlich von einander unterscheiden. Wichtiges Ziel der modernen Forschung und ihrer Methoden ist daher die Entwicklung einer individuellen Therapie für jede einzelne Patientin

ABC3 Consensus: Assessment by a German Group of Experts

The Advanced Breast Cancer Third International Consensus Conference on the diagnosis and treatment of advanced breast cancer took place in Lisbon, Portugal, on November 5-7, 2015. This year's conference (ABC3) was focused on the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (stage IV), as it was 4 years ago at the first consensus meeting (ABC1). A matter of particular interest was the patients' perspective. Thus, patient-relevant issues were addressed by the consensus discussions, such as those on treatment goals, quality of life, care of long-term survivors ('survivorship issues'), and coping with disease-related symptoms and the side effects of treatment. Further important issues on the agenda were the use of standardized instruments for the assessment of individual treatment success ('patient-reported outcome measures') and the evaluation of the benefit of novel drugs (e.g. the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale). Diagnosis and treatment of inoperable locally advanced breast cancer had already been discussed 2 years earlier at the ABC2 Consensus and were not dealt with in the framework of this year's ABC3 Consensus. With regard to country-specific peculiarities, which unavoidably found their way into the ABC Consensus, a working group of German breast cancer experts commented on the voting results of the ABC panelists. As for the past consensus, the group specially considered the German guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer (AGO (Gyneco-Oncology Working Group), S3, DGHO (German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology)) in order to adapt the ABC3 consensus for everyday therapy in Germany. (C) 2016 S. Karger GmbH, Freibur

DMS triggers apoptosis associated with the inhibition of SPHK1/NF-κB activation and increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in human cancer cells

N,N-Dimethyl-D-erythro-sphingosine (DMS) is known to induce cell apoptosis by specifically inhibiting sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and modulating the activity of cellular ceramide levels. The present study investigated the effects and the mechanism(s) of action of DMS in human lung cancer cells. We found that DMS dose-dependently suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in the human lung cancer cell line, A549. Mechanistically, treatment with DMS suppressed the activation of SPHK1 and nuclear factor-B (NF-B) p65, but increased intracellular [Ca2+]i in A549 cells. This study demonstrates that DMS triggers the apoptosis of human lung cancer cells through the modulation of SPHK1, NF-B and calcium signaling. These molecules may represent targets for anticancer drug design

International Consensus Conference for Advanced Breast Cancer, Lisbon 2019: ABC5 Consensus – Assessment by a German Group of Experts

The 5th International Consensus Conference for Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC5) took place on November 14–16, 2019, in Lisbon, Portugal. Its aim is to standardize the treatment of advanced breast cancer based on the available evidence and to ensure that all breast cancer patients worldwide receive adequate treatment and access to new therapies. This year, the conference focused on developments and study results in the treatment of patients with hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer as well as precision medicine. As in previous years, patient advocates from around the world were integrated into the ABC conference and had seats on the ABC consensus panel. In the present paper, a working group of German breast cancer experts comments on the results of the on-site ABC5 consensus votes by ABC panelists regarding their applicability for routine treatment in Germany. These comments take the recommendations of the Breast Committee of the Gynecological Oncology Working Group (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie; AGO) into account. The report and assessment presented here pertain to the preliminary results of the ABC5 consensus. The final version of the statements will be published in Annals of Oncology and The Breast

Thymidine phosphorylase in cancer cells stimulates human endothelial cell migration and invasion by the secretion of angiogenic factors

BACKGROUND: Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is often overexpressed in tumours and has a role in tumour aggressiveness and angiogenesis. Here, we determined whether TP increased tumour invasion and whether TP-expressing cancer cells stimulated angiogenesis. METHODS: Angiogenesis was studied by exposing endothelial cells (HUVECs) to conditioned medium (CM) derived from cancer cells with high (Colo320TP1 = CT-CM, RT112/TP = RT-CM) and no TP expression after which migration (wound-healing-assay) and invasion (transwell-assay) were determined. The involvement of several angiogenic factors were examined by RT-PCR, ELISA and blocking antibodies. RESULTS: Tumour invasion was not dependent on intrinsic TP expression. The CT-CM and RT-CM stimulated HUVEC-migration and invasion by about 15 and 40%, respectively. Inhibition by 10 mu M TPI and 100 mu M L-dR, blocked migration and reduced the invasion by 50-70%. Thymidine phosphorylase activity in HUVECs was increased by CT-CM. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed a higher mRNA expression of bFGF (Colo320TP1), IL-8 (RT112/TP) and TNF-alpha, but not VEGF. Blocking antibodies targeting these factors decreased the migration and invasion that was induced by the CT-CM and RT-CM, except for IL-8 in CT-CM and bFGF in RT-CM. CONCLUSION: In our cell line panels, TP did not increase the tumour invasion, but stimulated the migration and invasion of HUVECs by two different mechanisms. Hence, TP targeting seems to provide a potential additional strategy in the field of anti-angiogenic therapy