Counting integers representable as images of polynomials modulo n

Given a polynomial f(x1,x2,…,xt) in t variables with integer coefficients and a positive integer n, let α(n) be the number of integers 0 ≤ a < n such that the polynomialcongruencef(x1,x2,…,xt) ≡ a(modn)issolvable. Wedescribeamethod that allows us to determine the function α associated with polynomials of the form c1xk1+c2xk2+···+ctxkt. Then, we apply this method to polynomials that involve sums and differences of squares, mainly to the polynomials x2 +y2, x2 −y2, and x2 +y2 +z2. © 2019, University of Waterloo. All rights reserved

High-Intensity Interval Circuit Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Functional Ability and Body Mass Index in Middle-Aged and Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The literature suggests that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is more effective than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) to improve functional ability. However, there is no evidence on including HIIT in a circuit programme (HIICT). Our objective was to determine what type of training (HIICT or MICT) induces greater adaptations in the functional ability and body mass index of middle-aged and older women. The study used a quasi-experimental randomized controlled trial with 54 participants (age = 67.8 ± 6.2 years). Participants were randomly allocated to HIICT (n = 18), MICT (n = 18) or a non-exercise control group (CG; n = 18). The participants in the HIICT or MICT groups trained twice a week (1 h/session) for 18 weeks. Forty-one subjects were analysed (HIICT; n = 17, MICT; n = 12, CG; n = 12). Five subjects presented adverse events during the study. Strength, gait, cardiorespiratory fitness, balance and body mass index were measured. A significant training x group interaction was found in the arm curl test, where HIICT was statistically better than MICT and CG. Likewise, HIICT was statistically better than the CG in the BMI interaction. In lower limb strength, gait/dynamic balance and cardiorespiratory fitness, both HIICT and MICT were statistically better than the CG. In conclusion, HIICT generated better adaptations in upper limb strength than MICT. Likewise, HIICT generated better adaptations in body mass index than CG. Finally, both HIICT and MICT had a similar influence on strength, cardiorespiratory fitness and gait/dynamic balance

La ambientalización curricular en las humanidades. El caso de la universidad madrileña

Contiene fe de erratas.Programa Oficial de Doctorado en HumanidadesPresidente: Carlos Manuel Valdés.- Secretario: Montserrat López Mújica.- Vocal: Pilar Aznar Mingue

UV Extinction Towards a Quiescent Molecular Cloud in the SMC

Context: The mean UV extinction law for the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) is usually taken as a template for low-metallicity galaxies. However, its current derivation is based on only five stars, thus placing doubts on its universality. An increase in the number of targets with measured extinction laws in the SMC is necessary to determine its possible dependence on parameters such as metallicity and star-forming activity. Aims: To measure the UV extinction law for several stars in the quiescent molecular cloud SMC B1-1. Methods: We obtained HST/STIS slitless UV spectroscopy of a 25"x25" field of view and we combined it with ground-based NIR and visible photometry of the stars in the field. The results were processed using the Bayesian photometric package CHORIZOS to derive the visible-NIR extinction values for each star. The unextinguished Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) obtained in this way were then used to derive the UV extinction law for the four most extinguished stars. We also recalculated the visible-NIR extinction for the five SMC stars with preexisting UV extinction laws. Results: The UV extinction law for four SMC B1-1 stars within several pc of each other differs significantly from star to star. The 2175 {\AA} bump is moderately strong in one, weak in two, and absent in the fourth.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

Efecto del entrenamiento pliometrico de la musculatura flexo-extensora de rodilla sobre la respuesta del stiffness vertical en mujeres jovenes sanas

62 p.Introducción: La literatura nos muestra la mayor incidencia que presentan las mujeres en cuanto a lesiones de ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) se refiere. Debido a esto, es importante generar estrategias de prevención. Un factor que influye en esta elevada incidencia de lesión es que las mujeres presentan menor stiffness en la musculatura flexora de rodilla, lo cual predispone a una menor estabilidad en la articulación. De acuerdo a esto se genera una intervención que contribuya a mejorar la condición de la musculatura flexora de rodilla para evitar riesgos de lesión de LCA y, a su vez, mejorar la respuesta del stiffness del miembro inferior. Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento del stiffness durante el aterrizaje pre y post intervención de un entrenamiento funcional pliométrico en mujeres sanas. Método: El diseño de estudio es de tipo cuasi-experimental, y el tipo de estudio es descriptivo, se reclutaron 7 mujeres sedentarias, de entre 18 y 25 años de edad pertenecientes a la Universidad de Talca. Aquellas que cumplían con los criterios del estudio, fueron invitadas a participar de las evaluaciones electromiográficas y de salto seguido de 2 semanas de entrenamiento pliométrico de miembro inferior realizado en dependencias de la Universidad de Talca, en el Laboratorio de Biomecánica. Resultados: Los resultados en su gran mayoría fueron los esperados manifestando un incremento en las variables después del entrenamiento pliométrico en comparación al nivel basal previo. Solamente en la activación post-aterrizaje de isquiotibiales no se evidenció un cambio estadísticamente significativo frente a la intervención realizada (valor p =0,05152). Conclusión: El entrenamiento pliométrico modifica el stiffness vertical, mostrando un aumento en su respuesta en tareas motoras de los miembros inferiores, lo que permite mejorar las condiciones de estabilidad de la rodill

Effects of whole-body vibration training in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review

Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. MS is characterised by nerve demyelination that can alter nerve transmission and lead to such symptoms as fatigue, muscle weakness, and impaired motor function. There are 47 000 people with MS in Spain. Vibration training can be an effective and complementary alternative to traditional exercise to treat patients with MS. The aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of vibration training programmes in patients with MS. Development We searched 5 electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, SciELO, Lilacs, IBECS, and ISI Web of Knowledge) in August 2015. By using a set of keywords, we found studies linking vibration training and MS and included randomised controlled trials that applied vibration training to patients with MS. Our search yielded 71 studies. Only 9 of them were included after removing duplicate studies and those which were not relevant according to our selection criteria. These studies obtained different outcomes. Conclusions Some studies found improvements in muscle strength, functional capacity, coordination, resistance, balance, and some areas of MSSS-88. However, we identified limitations in some of these studies and there are still few publications on vibration training and multiple sclerosis to ensure training effectiveness.Actividad Física y Deport

Effects of 24 Weeks of Whole Body Vibration Versus Multicomponent Training on Muscle Strength and Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The purposes of this study were to analyze the impact of 24 weeks of vibratory and multicomponent training (MT) and to determine what type of training creates greater adaptations on body composition and isokinetic strength of the knee and ankle joints in postmenopausal women. Thirty-eight women (60.0 ± 6.3 years) were randomly assigned to whole body vibration group (WBVG), multicomponent training group (MTG), or a control group. A significant decrease in total fat mass was observed in experimental groups. There were no changes in total lean mass and total bone mineral density in both groups. WBVG and MTG showed significant increases in isokinetic strength for knee extensors at 60°/s and at 270°/s. Regarding the ankle joint, there were significant increments in strength for plantar flexion at 60°/s in WBVG and at 120°/s in the two trainings groups. MTG showed a significant increase in strength for dorsiflexion at 60°/s. With respect to eversion and inversion, WBVG and MTG improved strength at 60°/s. Also, the WBVG showed increased strength in the ankle evertors at 120°/s and both groups showed increased strength in the ankle invertors at 120°/s. Twenty-four weeks of whole body vibration or MTs result in positive modifications in total fat mass. These trainings are effective in improving knee extension and stabilizer muscles of the ankle joint strength.Actividad Física y Deport

Vähähiilisen puurakentamisen aluetaloudelliset vaikutukset Kymenlaaksossa ja Kouvolassa

Tutkimuksessa vertailtiin kolmea päiväkodin rakentamistapaa. Ensimmäisessä materiaalina käytetään mahdollisimman paljon puuta. Toisessa käytetään puun lisäksi soveltuvin osin myös betonia. Kolmas vaihtoehto on moduuleina toteutettava päiväkoti, joka vietäisiin Uudellemaalle ja rakennettaisiin sinne Kouvolan seutukunnan työvoimaa käyttäen. Tulosten mukaan kaikki tutkitut päiväkodin rakennustavat tukevat Kymenlaakson maakunnan ja Kouvolan seutukunnan elintason, työllisyyden, palkkojen ja työtulojen kasvua. Rakentamisen aikana syntyy uusia työpaikkoja useille rakentamisen alihankintaketjun toimialoille. Uusien työpaikkojen määrä on korkein moduulivaihtoehdossa (8,0). Seuraavana on puusta rakentaminen, joka tuo 6,8 uutta työpaikkaa. Betonivaihtoehto tuo vähiten 5,8, uutta työpaikkaa. Tutkimuksen johtopäätös on, että päiväkodin rakentaminen on aluetalouden kannalta myönteinen asia elintasolla ja työllisyydellä mitattuna. Päiväkodin rakentaminen käyttäen mahdollisimman paljon paikallisia puumateriaaleja toisi yhden työpaikan enemmän kuin jos käytettäisiin puun lisäksi soveltuvin osin betonia