Contexto familiar y escolar de los alumnos absentistas de ESO: diferencias en padres y alumnos. Análisis en un centro educativo

Truancy is presented as a socio-educational problem of multiple causes. Wide studies have analyzed his heterogeneous nature based on the information of the absent pupils. However, there are not studies about absenteeism in which the progenitors of the pupils had been involved too. The objectives of this study aimed for knowing the differences between the family and school contexts of the absent and not absent pupils. The study was performed in a high school with more absent pupils compared to other educational centers. The final sample was composed of 17 absent pupils, 19 non absent pupils and their parents. The communication and the family climate between the pupils and their parents, the social integration and the participation in the process of harassment of the pupils were evaluated. The results confirm that there are no differences between the groups in terms of family situation that inform parents and students. By contrast, differences appear in the educational situation explained by both groups. The absent students indicated that their school integration was lower in the dimension of affection, considering they were less accepted by teachers. Also absent students reported exercising more harassing behavior toward peers.El absentismo escolar se presenta como un problema socio-educativo de naturaleza multicausal. Son amplios los estudios que han analizado su naturaleza heterogénea y han contado para ello con la colaboración de los alumnos. Sin embargo, no se conocen estudios sobre absentismo donde se haya dado también participación a sus progenitores. Los objetivos de este estudio se dirigían a conocer las diferencias entre los contextos familiar y escolar de los alumnos absentistas y de los no absentistas en ESO. El estudio se realizó en un instituto que contaba con mayor número de alumnos absentistas respecto de otros centros. La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 17 alumnos absentistas, 19 alumnos no absentistas y sus progenitores. Se evaluó la comunicación y el clima familiar en los alumnos y en sus padres, la integración escolar y la participación en los procesos de acoso de los alumnos. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron Escala de Clima Social Familiar (FES), Cuestionario de Comunicación Familiar (CA-M/CA-P), Cuestionario de Comunicación Familiar para Padres, Cuestionario de Percepción Psicológica de Integración Escolar (PSSM) y Cuestionario de Acoso Escolar (CAME). Se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS 19.0 para Windows y se realizaron los análisis estadísticos prueba t de Student para muestras independientes, prueba t de Student para muestras relacionadas y regresión logística binaria para confirmar la implicación de las variables de estudio en el absentismo escolar. Los resultados confirman que no existen diferencias entre ambos grupos en cuanto a la situación familiar que informaban los padres y los alumnos. Por el contrario, sí que aparecen diferencias en cuanto a la situación escolar informada por ambos grupos. Los alumnos absentistas informaron que su integración escolar era menor en la dimensión de afecto, consideraban que eran menos aceptados por los profesores. También los alumnos absentistas informaron que ejercían más conductas de acoso hacia sus compañeros

The education under the Spanish Moroccan Protectorate throughout three magazines of the Spanish Africanist League (1913-1931)

Colonialism and postcolonialism are important stages in the history of many European countries such as Great Britain, France, Holland, Portugal or Spain. However, rarely are the colonies taken into account in the history of education of these countries. In the case of Spain, it has scarcely been explored throughout most of the Century XX. The establishment of the Protectorate in the north of Morocco in 1912 meant the need to put in place measures to control the territory and the population. From early on, education was considered as an colonisation agent and several models of education appeared: colonial school, traditional school and nationalist school. Each one had a different target audience and different aims. The Digital Periodicals Library of the National Library offers three journals on the Spanish Protectorate in Morocco. They present a continuity between 1913 and 1931. The first is África Española. Revista de Colonización (1913-1917). This one was followed by Boletín de la Liga Africanista Española (1917-1923) and later by Revista hispano africana (1923-1931). Our main goal is to analyze the contents of these journals of the Spanish Africanist League on education, grouping them around descriptors such as educational levels, teachers and debates on education, as well as the impact of the Spanish culture on the Protectorate throughout the educational institutions.Proyecto EDU2014-53679-P y Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Family and school context of the absentee pupils of Secondary School: differences in parents and pupils. Analysis in an educational centre

Truancy is presented as a socio-educational problem of multiple causes. Wide studies have analyzed his heterogeneous nature based on the information of the absent pupils. However, there are not studies about absenteeism in which the progenitors of the pupils had been involved too. The objectives of this study aimed for knowing the differences between the family and school contexts of the absent and not absent pupils. The study was performed in a high school with more absent pupils compared to other educational centers. The final sample was composed of 17 absent pupils, 19 non absent pupils and their parents. The communication and the family climate between the pupils and their parents, the social integration and the participation in the process of harassment of the pupils were evaluated. The results confirm that there are no differences between the groups in terms of family situation that inform parents and students. By contrast, differences appear in the educational situation explained by both groups. The absent students indicated that their school integration was lower in the dimension of affection, considering they were less accepted by teachers. Also absent students reported exercising more harassing behavior toward peers

How Nanophotonic Label-Free Biosensors Can Contribute to Rapid and Massive Diagnostics of Respiratory Virus Infections : COVID-19 Case

Altres ajuts: Generalitat de Catalunya /CERCAThis ACS article is provided to You under the terms of this Standard ACS AuthorChoice License. License: https://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_termsofuse.htmlThe global sanitary crisis caused by the emergence of the respiratory virus SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 outbreak has revealed the urgent need for rapid, accurate, and affordable diagnostic tests to broadly and massively monitor the population in order to properly manage and control the spread of the pandemic. Current diagnostic techniques essentially rely on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, which provide the required sensitivity and specificity. However, its relatively long time-to-result, including sample transport to a specialized laboratory, delays massive detection. Rapid lateral flow tests (both antigen and serological tests) are a remarkable alternative for rapid point-of-care diagnostics, but they exhibit critical limitations as they do not always achieve the required sensitivity for reliable diagnostics and surveillance. Next-generation diagnostic tools capable of overcoming all the above limitations are in demand, and optical biosensors are an excellent option to surpass such critical issues. Label-free nanophotonic biosensors offer high sensitivity and operational robustness with an enormous potential for integration in compact autonomous devices to be delivered out-of-the-lab at the point-of-care (POC). Taking the current COVID-19 pandemic as a critical case scenario, we provide an overview of the diagnostic techniques for respiratory viruses and analyze how nanophotonic biosensors can contribute to improving such diagnostics. We review the ongoing published work using this biosensor technology for intact virus detection, nucleic acid detection or serological tests, and the key factors for bringing nanophotonic POC biosensors to accurate and effective COVID-19 diagnosis on the short term

Complex multidisciplinary intervention to improve Initial Medication Adherence to cardiovascular disease and diabetes treatments in primary care (the IMA-cRCT study) : mixed-methods process evaluation protocol

Medication non-initiation, or primary non-adherence, is a persistent public health problem that increases the risk of adverse clinical outcomes. The initial medication adherence (IMA) intervention is a complex multidisciplinary intervention to improve adherence to cardiovascular and diabetes treatments in primary care by empowering the patient and promoting informed prescriptions based on shared decision-making. This paper presents the development and implementation strategy of the IMA intervention and the process evaluation protocol embedded in a cluster randomised controlled trial (the IMA-cRCT) to understand and interpret the outcomes of the trial and comprehend the extent of implementation and fidelity, the active mechanisms of the IMA intervention and in what context the intervention is implemented and works. We present the protocol for a mixed-methods process evaluation including quantitative and qualitative methods to measure implementation and fidelity and to explore the active mechanisms and the interactions between the intervention, participants and its context. The process evaluation will be conducted in primary care centres and community pharmacies from the IMA-cRCT, and participants include healthcare professionals (general practitioners, nurses and community pharmacists) as well as patients. Quantitative data collection methods include data extraction from the intervention operative records, patient clinical records and participant feedback questionnaires, whereas qualitative data collection involves semistructured interviews, focus groups and field diaries. Quantitative and qualitative data will be analysed separately and triangulated to produce deeper insights and robust results. Ethical approval has been obtained from the Research Ethics Comittee (CEIm) at IDIAP Jordi Gol (codeCEIm 21/051 P). Findings will be disseminated through publications and conferences, as well as presentations to healthcare professionals and stakeholders from healthcare organisations.

Statistical Characterization of the Chunk Size Distribution in DASH

We present a statistical characterization of the segment size distribution of video streaming services based on dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH). We first obtain the empirical distributions from traffic captures of available data sets encoded with different quality and segment size duration. Then, we determine the distributions that provide a better fit to the empirical data. We show that Weibull and truncated logistic distributions are adequate to modeling the chunk size distributions for a wide range of video qualities and segment size duration. Results are used to develop a source model for DASH traffic, implementing a synthetic generator of DASH-like video traces.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Proyecto Plan Nacional (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad) TEC2016-80090-C2-1-R, y Universidad de Malag

Ellen Key y la escuela del hogar: Una pedagogía crítica controvertida

El trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la propuesta de enseñanza en el hogar que Ellen Key planteó como alternativa a la educación de la primera infancia dadas las carencias manifiestas de la realidad material de la escuela y de sus métodos y contenidos. Para proceder a su estudio se han revisado las obras originales y los estudios principales sobre el tema, desde los primeros hasta los recientes, así como el contexto cultural e histórico en el que se desarrolla. Comprobamos que es posible establecer un modelo de escuela del hogar capaz de integrar las principales corrientes y posiciones pedagógicas que recorren la biografía intelectual y vital de Ellen Key. Su crítica abierta a las transformaciones impuestas por el sistema industrial de producción, en cuanto a desigualdades sociales, culturales y económicas, se unen a las del papel laboral desempeñado por la mujer. Key quería recuperar la importancia de la madre como educadora esencial de la infancia. De ese modo, frente a la deshumanización de la realidad escolar y al abandono y al desamparo del niño por la imposición de una estructura de relaciones sociales determinada por los intereses de la economía industrial, Key desea hacer del valor de la infancia, el amor y la educación durante los primeros años un modelo alternativo también de maternidad que incluye derechos inexistentes hasta entonces. Las criticas y propuestas contenidas en su idea de enseñanza del hogar y de una escuela renovada podrían modificar la realidad y responder a las necesidades de la infancia.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

An analysis of the performance of deconstructed tires for use as pads in railroad tracks

The use of end-of-life (EOL) tires is now widespread in civil engineering work. In most cases, the tires are shredded and recycled as crumb rubber. However, this research focuses on an alternate method in which EOL tires were deconstructed to manufacture rail pads. In other words, their outer layer was removed, which made it possible to benefit from the mechanical properties of the tires without having to grind them up. The performance of the recycled tire rubber was analyzed by means of static and dynamic stiffness tests as well as by fatigue tests. The results reflected the long-term performance of the material. Also analyzed was the deterioration of its properties after various thermal and anti-ageing treatments. The results obtained were compared with those of commercial crumb rubber rail pads. The excellent performance of the rail pads made from deconstructed EOL tires shows the high potential of this material for use in railroad tracks

Novel sensing algorithm for linear read-out of bimodal waveguide interferometric biosensors

Altres ajuts: the ICN2 was supported by the CERCA programme of the Generalitat de Catalunya.Biosensors employing photonics integrated circuits, and specifically those that rely on interferometric evanescent wave working principles, have outstanding performances due to the extreme sensitivity exhibited in one-step and direct assay, without the need of amplification. Within the interferometric configurations, the Bimodal Waveguide (BiMW) interferometric sensor stands out due to its demonstrated sensitivity for real-life applications and the simplicity of its design. To overcome the ambiguities that arise from the periodic nature of interferometric read-outs, a new all-optical modulation and the subsequent trigonometry-based algorithm have been proposed and applied to the BiMW biosensor. This new algorithm has been successfully employed for the selective identification and quantification of the external Spike (S) protein of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our biosensing results from this simple, quick, and user-friendly method demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity and pave the way towards a point-of-care device for general use