Estudo e prevenção da distração e inatenção na condução

Es creciente la evidencia de que las distracciones y la inatención del conductor constituyen un importante factor contributivo en choques y siniestros viales. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre inatención y distracciones durante la conducción. En primer lugar, se trabajó sobre la definición y delimitación conceptual de ambos términos; segundo, se abordaron los diferentes enfoques metodológicos utilizados para su estudio y, por último, se mencionan las medidas de intervención y de prevención recomendadas. Finalmente, se concluye que la investigación sobre el tema se enfrenta con problemas relativos a la falta de una definición consensuada de conceptos básicos, a diferencias metodológicas y a la ausencia de un marco teórico unificado que brinde coherencia a los hallazgos de investigación. Estas limitaciones en la investigación reflejan, a su vez, problemas más generales propios de la psicología del tránsito en tanto área específica de la psicología.There is growing evidence about the riskiness of driver distraction and inattention for traffic safety. The present study is a review of the literature about inattention and distraction while driving. First, the review shows the difficulties and controversies arisen in the definition of both constructs. Second, the paper describes different methodological approaches used in the driver distraction research. Third, there is a description of prevention strategies for mitigating and avoiding the consequences of driver distraction and inattention. It is concluded that research on driver distraction and inattention faces difficulties regarding the lack of common definitions of basic constructs, the lack of a unified theoretic frame, and the presence of methodological differences. These limitations mirror problems faced in the main discipline, Traffic PsychologyÉ crescente a evidência de que as distrações e a inatenção do condutor constituem um importante fator contributivo em choques e sinistros viários. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre inatenção e distrações durante a condução. Em primeiro lugar, trabalha-se sobre a definição e delimitação conceitual de ambos os termos; segundo, abordam-se os diferentes enfoques metodológicos utilizados para seu estudo e, por último, mencionam-se as medidas de intervenção e de prevenção recomendadas. Finalmente, conclui-se que a pesquisa sobre o tema de enfrenta com problemas relativos à falta de uma definição consensual de conceitos básicos, a diferenças metodológicas, e à ausência de um marco teórico unificado que brinde coerência aos resultados da pesquisa. Estas limitações na pesquisa prévia refletem, ao mesmo tempo, problemas mais gerais próprios da psicologia do trânsito em tanto área específica da Psicologia.Fil: Montes, Silvana Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ledesma, Ruben Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Poó, Fernando Martín. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentin

Diversity and Equitability Ordering Profiles Applied to the Study of Forest Structure

Diversity and Equitability Ordering Profiles Applied to the Study of Forest Structur

Group Decision-Making Based on Artificial Intelligence: A Bibliometric Analysis

Decisions concerning crucial and complicated problems are seldom made by a single person. Instead, they require the cooperation of a group of experts in which each participant has their own individual opinions, motivations, background, and interests regarding the existing alternatives. In the last 30 years, much research has been undertaken to provide automated assistance to reach a consensual solution supported by most of the group members. Artificial intelligence techniques are commonly applied to tackle critical group decision-making difficulties. For instance, experts' preferences are often vague and imprecise; hence, their opinions are combined using fuzzy linguistic approaches. This paper reports a bibliometric analysis of the ample literature published in this regard. In particular, our analysis: (i) shows the impact and upswing publication trend on this topic; (ii) identifies the most productive authors, institutions, and countries; (iii) discusses authors' and journals' productivity patterns; and (iv) recognizes the most relevant research topics and how the interest on them has evolved over the years

Genetic algorithms and Gaussian Bayesian networks to uncover the predictive core set of bibliometric indices

The diversity of bibliometric indices today poses the challenge of exploiting the relationships among them. Our research uncovers the best core set of relevant indices for predicting other bibliometric indices. An added difficulty is to select the role of each variable, that is, which bibliometric indices are predictive variables and which are response variables. This results in a novel multioutput regression problem where the role of each variable (predictor or response) is unknown beforehand. We use Gaussian Bayesian networks to solve the this problem and discover multivariate relationships among bibliometric indices. These networks are learnt by a genetic algorithm that looks for the optimal models that best predict bibliometric data. Results show that the optimal induced Gaussian Bayesian networks corroborate previous relationships between several indices, but also suggest new, previously unreported interactions. An extended analysis of the best model illustrates that a set of 12 bibliometric indices can be accurately predicted using only a smaller predictive core subset composed of citations, g-index, q2-index, and hr-index. This research is performed using bibliometric data on Spanish full professors associated with the computer science area

Methods for identifying biomedical translation: a systematic review

Translational medicine is an important area of biomedicine, and has significantly facilitated the development of biomedical research. Despite its relevance, there is no consensus on how to evaluate its progress and impact. A systematic review was carried out to identify all the methods to evaluate translational research. Seven methods were found according to the established criteria to analyze their characteristics, advantages, and limitations. They allow us to perform this type of evaluation in different ways. No relevant advantages were found between them; each one presented its specific limitations that need to be considered. Nevertheless, the Triangle of Biomedicine could be considered the most relevant method, concerning the time since its publication and usefulness. In conclusion, there is still a lack of a gold-standard method for evaluating biomedical translational research.This work has been supported by the Spanish State Research Agency through the project PID2019-105381GA-I00/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 (iScience), grant CTS-115 (Tissue Engineering Research Group, University of Granada) from Junta de Andalucia, Spain, a postdoctoral grant (RH-0145-2020) from the Andalusia Health System and with the EU FEDER ITI Grant for Cadiz Province PI-0032- 2017. The present work is part of the Ph.D. thesis dissertation of Javier Padilla-Cabello

Childhood education and mobility

La motorización creciente de los desplazamientos ha convertido al ambiente urbano en un lugar cada vez más hostil para los niños y niñas, quienes se encuentran entre los grupos humanos más vulnerables del tránsito. En esta etapa del desarrollo, la educación puede ser una herramienta clave para prevenir comportamientos de riesgo y promocionar hábitos de movilidad más saludables. El presente trabajo discute algunos aspectos relacionados con la educación vial en la infancia. Se destaca la importancia de considerar los patrones de movilidad típicos de cada edad, y de promover el uso de medios de transporte más saludables, equitativos y sustentables. Se señala además la necesidad de complementar las acciones educativas con intervenciones multi-sectoriales a diferente nivel.A crescente motorização e os deslocamentos têm transformado o meio ambiente urbano num lugar cada vez mais hostil para as crianças, que se encontram entre os usuários mais vulneráveis do trânsito. Nessa etapa do desenvolvimento, a educação pode ser uma ferramenta chave para prevenir o comportamento de risco e promover hábitos de mobilidade mais saudáveis. O presente trabalho discute alguns aspectos relacionados à educação infantil no trânsito (nas ruas). Destaca-se a importância de considerar os padrões de mobilidade típicos de cada idade e de promover o uso dos meios de transportes mais saudáveis, equitativos e sustentáveis. Além disso, assinala-se a necessidade na complementação das ações educativas com intervenções multi-setoriais em diferentes níveis.The increasing motorization of mobility has turned urban environment in a complex and dangerous place for children. As a consequence they are one of the most vulnerable groups of traffic users. In this stage of development, education could be a key tool for preventing risky behaviour and promoting more healthy mobility habits. The present study discusses some aspects related to children traffic education. The necessity of taking into account the patterns of mobility in different developmental stages is highlighted. Also the relevance of promote the use of health, sustainable and equitable means of transport. The complexity of the problem requires that educational interventions are complemented with multisectoral actions at different levels.Fil: Poó, Fernando Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Soledad Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Tosi, Jeremías David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Nucciarone, Maria Isabel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Ledesma, Ruben Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentin

The implicit association test: A methodological review

Los modelos de cognición social implícita han hecho importantes aportes metodológicos a la investigación psicológica. Sobre la base de estos enfoques se han desarrollado las llamadas medidas indirectas, cuyo ejemplo más representativo es el Test de Asociaciones Implícitas (IAT). Este trabajo se propone realizar una revisión del IAT atendiendo especialmente a las críticas recibidas en relación con su validez. Se analizan distintos problemas sobre su estructura interna, la naturaleza de los procesos subyacentes a las respuestas, y los posibles efectos contaminantes de otras variables. En cada caso, se realizan recomendaciones para su construcción y aplicación. Se espera que este trabajo incentive el uso adecuado del IAT en los países de habla hispana, donde el procedimiento se encuentra aún escasamente difundidoImplicit social cognition models gave relevant methodological inputs to psychological research. On the basis of these models the so called indirect measures have been developed, being the most representative of them the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The present paper is a revision of the research about the IAT, specially about the critics made of its validity. The paper analyzes different problems regarding its internal structure, the nature of the underlying processes, and the possible effects of confounding variables. Recommendations for the IAT construction and application are given. It is expected that this revision stimulate the correct use of the IAT in Spanish speaking countries where this procedure is scarcely spread.Fil: Tosi, Jeremías David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ledesma, Ruben Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Poó, Fernando Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Montes, Silvana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: López, Soledad Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Unveiling airline preferences for pre-tactical route forecast through machine learning. An innovative system for ATFCM pre-tactical planning support

In this work we describe a novel approach for the prediction of the flight plan to be sent by airspace users during the pre-tactical phase of Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management (ATFCM). The proposed approach uses machine learning algorithms to extract airspace user preferences in terms of route characteristics, allowing the prediction of new routes not observed during the model training phase. We present the results obtained from applying this approach to short and medium range KLM flights for 52 weeks. Results show that the proposed solution is robust, scalable and capable of reducing the number of wrong predictions provided by the current Network Manager operational solution by 24.3% (4.5% increment on accuracy).Manuel Mateos´ PhD is funded by the 1st SESAR ENGAGE KTN Call for PhDs and is developed in collaboration between Nommon and the Technical University of Catalonia. This PhD study has received funding from the SESAR Joint Undertaking under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 783287.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Efecto de la densidad de plantación sobre el rendimiento de hojas secas de yerba dulce (Stevia rebaudiana)

De los resultados obtenidos, se evidencia que existe una tendencia en el aumento del rendimiento dada por el aumento de la densidad de plantación.Fil: Guerrero, Diego Ruben. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul; ArgentinaFil: Kryvenki, Mario Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul; ArgentinaFil: Domínguez, Martín. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul; Argentin

Association between neighborhood physical characteristics and mental health among older adults in Spain

The aim was to assess the impact of neighborhood physical environment on mental health among non-institutionalized older adults. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted over a representative sample of 5,071 people 65 years from the Spanish National Health Survey. The survey included nine items addressing the self-perceived degree of discomfort due to neighborhood physical problems. Participants were categorized into groups with “no problems”, “some problems” (somewhat discomfort on 1 4 items) and “many problems” (somewhat discomfort on 5 items or very much discomfort on 1 item). Mental health status was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire, consisting of 12 items assessing the severity of a psychological distress over the past few weeks. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regressions. A dose-response association (p-trend<0.001) was found between living in neighborhoods with some (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.14 1.75) or many problems (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.55 2.42) affecting the physical environment with poor mental health of community dwelling older adults. Integrating and articulating health considerations into public policymaking regarding housing and the residential environment can have broad implications for healthy agin