Planeamiento estratégico de la naranja

El presente trabajo propone un plan estratégico para la industria de la naranja en el Perú, con la finalidad de consolidarlo como el segundo exportador de naranjas de Sudamérica para el año 2023, logrando una posición de liderazgo en los mercados de Europa y América del Norte, manteniendo un marco de responsabilidad social, y cuidando el medioambiente. A la fecha, el Perú consume toda su producción de naranja, por lo que la propuesta contempla aprovechar su posición geográfica de contraestación a los grandes consumidores, aumentar la producción y la productividad, y mejorar la calidad de sus productos para ingresar a los grandes mercados que permiten una mayor rentabilidad, logrando así mejoras económicas para todos los participantes que intervienen en el proceso. El presente instrumento se ha realizado tomando como marco conceptual el modelo secuencial, en donde se han identificados los factores críticos para el desarrollo del sector naranja estableciendo objetivos a largo plazo y estrategias que se deben implementar para alcanzarlasThis project proposes a strategic plan for the orange industry in Peru with the purpose of consolidating the country the second exporter of oranges in South America in 2023, by achieving a leadership position in the European and North American markets and maintaining a framework of social responsibility while protecting the environment. Nowadays, Peru consumes its own orange production, that’s why this proposal contemplate to take advantage of its counterseason geographical position to the biggest consumers, increase production and productivity and improve its products quality for entering to the most important and biggest markets that allow a better profitability, thus achieving economic improvements for the participants involved in this process. This document was executed taking as conceptual framework the Sequential Model, where some critical factors were identified for the development of the orange sector, establishing long term objectives and strategies that should be implemented for meet themTesi

Above- and below-ground net primary productivity across ten Amazonian forests on contrasting soils

Copyright © 2009 European Geosciences Union. This is the published version available at http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/2759/2009/bg-6-2759-2009.html © Author(s) 2009. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.The net primary productivity (NPP) of tropical forests is one of the most important and least quantified components of the global carbon cycle. Most relevant studies have focused particularly on the quantification of the above-ground coarse wood productivity, and little is known about the carbon fluxes involved in other elements of the NPP, the partitioning of total NPP between its above- and below-ground components and the main environmental drivers of these patterns. In this study we quantify the above- and below-ground NPP of ten Amazonian forests to address two questions: (1) How do Amazonian forests allocate productivity among its above- and below-ground components? (2) How do soil and leaf nutrient status and soil texture affect the productivity of Amazonian forests? Using a standardized methodology to measure the major elements of productivity, we show that NPP varies between 9.3±1.3MgC ha−1 yr−1 (mean±standard error), at a white sand plot, and 17.0±1.4MgC ha−1 yr−1 at a very fertile Terra Preta site, with an overall average of 12.8±0.9MgC ha−1 yr−1. The studied forests allocate on average 64±3% and 36±3% of the total NPP to the above and below-ground components, respectively. The ratio of above-ground and below-ground NPP is almost invariant with total NPP. Litterfall and fine root production both increase with total NPP, while stem production shows no overall trend. Total NPP tends to increase with soil phosphorus and leaf nitrogen status. However, allocation of NPP to below-ground shows no relationship to soil fertility, but appears to decrease with the increase of soil clay content

Assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation in stallion (Equus caballus) and donkey (Equus asinus) using the sperm chromatin dispersion test

Sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) is an important parameter to assessing sperm quality. Information about sperm quality is not available for donkeys, especially in some breeds at risk of extinction. The objectives of this research were to test the four commercial variants of sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCD; sperm Halomax test), originally developed to assess sDF in boars, bulls, rams and stallions, in order to scrutinize their applicability in the study of sDF in a donkey breed at risk of extinction (Zamorano-Leonesa), for which there is no specific test available to analyze sperm at present. Only the SCD test, originally developed for stallions, produced stable and consistent results, and was deemed suitable to assess DNA fragmentation in sperm samples from donkeys. Image analysis was used to compare differences between the SCD methodology applied to stallion and donkey semen samples processed under the same experimental conditions. The extent of SCD in the SCD test was approximately 20% lower in donkey sperm than in stallion sperm. Yet, the ratio of chromatin sperm dispersion achieved in fragmented and unfragmented nuclei did not differ significantly between species. These data suggest that a similar protein depletion treatment can cause differences in protein removal in equivalent cells from different species and that sperm chromatin may be organized differently in stallions and donkeys.Depto. de Medicina y Cirugía AnimalFac. de VeterinariaTRUEpu