Tendencias en la mortalidad por desnutrición en menores de 5 años y mayores de 60 años

Introduction: Children under 5 years of age living in poor areas and with low availability of healthy food have higher risk of undernutrition-related mortality. However, this relationship among older adults is not well established. Aim: To analyse trends in socioeconomic inequalities in undernutrition-mortality in children under five years of age and adults over 60 years old in municipalities of Colombia during 2003-2009 and 2010-2016. Methods: ecological study of trends during 2003 and 2016. The study population consisted of children under five years of age and adults over 60 years of age residing in the Colombian municipalities during the study period. We estimated smoothed and standardized mortality rates by fitting a hierarchical Bayesian model and explored their relationship with five socio-economic area-level variables. Results: In most of the municipalities, undernutrition-related mortality was three times higher in older adults compared to children. Moreover, the difference between municipalities in the risk of undernutrition-related mortality showed a marked reduction. Finally, it was observed that the poor and less developed municipalities have higher rates of undernutrition-related mortality in children, but on the contrary, wealthier territories have higher rates in older adults. Conclusions: although most of the municipalities have decreased their mortality rates due to undernutrition in children under five and older adults, the socioeconomic conditions of the municipalities influence differently the risk of mortality for children and for older adults. This implies the need to develop age-specific strategies to close social gaps when structural conditions of the areas are taking into account

“Factores que influye en el nivel motivacional hacia el aprendizaje en los Estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Arnulfo Briceño Contreras”.

Identificar los factores que influyen en el nivel motivacional hacia el aprendizaje en los estudiantes de la a Institución Educativa Arnulfo Briceño Contreras Sede San Antonio jornada de la mañana.Dada la importancia que tiene para la sociedad y la juventud en el contexto actual estar a la vanguardia de los cambios mundiales y tomar las riendas en una sociedad en decadencia, es necesario que quienes lideran los procesos de Enseñanza – Aprendizaje en las Instituciones Educativas identifiquen las causas reales generadoras de las problemáticas que influyen en los procesos que ellos adelantan con la juventud que educan y a la vez intervengan efectivamente desarrollando acciones correctivas, o estrategias apropiadas a las necesidades actuales de la juventud, a fin deconducirlos hacia una autoformación racional y crítica

The detrimental role of angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibodies in intrauterine growth restriction seen in preeclampsia

Growth-restricted fetuses are at risk for a variety of lifelong medical conditions. Preeclampsia, a life-threatening hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, is associated with fetuses who suffer from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Recently, emerging evidence indicates that preeclamptic women harbor AT1 receptor agonistic autoantibodies (AT1-AAs) that contribute to the disease features. However, the exact role of AT1-AAs in IUGR and the underlying mechanisms have not been identified. We report that these autoantibodies are present in the cord blood of women with preeclampsia and retain the ability to activate AT1 receptors. Using an autoantibody-induced animal model of preeclampsia, we show that AT1-AAs cross the mouse placenta, enter fetal circulation, and lead to small fetuses with organ growth retardation. AT1-AAs also induce apoptosis in the placentas of pregnant mice, human villous explants, and human trophoblast cells. Finally, autoantibody-induced IUGR and placental apoptosis are diminished by either losartan or an autoantibody-neutralizing peptide. Thus, these studies identify AT1-AA as a novel causative factor of preeclampsia-associated IUGR and offer two possible underlying mechanisms: a direct detrimental effect on fetal development by crossing the placenta and entering fetal circulation, and indirectly through AT1-AA–induced placental damage. Our findings highlight AT1-AAs as important therapeutic targets

World Psychiatric Association-Asian journal of psychiatry commission on psychiatric education in the 21st century

Psychiatric practice faces many challenges in the first quarter of 21st century. Society has transformed, as have training requirements and patient expectations, underlining an urgent need to look at educational programmes. Meanwhile, awareness has grown around psychiatric disorders and there are evolving workforce trends, with more women going to medical school and specialising in psychiatry. Trainee psychiatrists carry different expectations for work-life balance and are increasingly becoming conscious of their own mental health. A tendency to see health as a commodity and the litigious nature of society has elicited additional pressures for healthcare professionals. Cartesian mind-body dualism has created further complexity and this can often be frustrating for patients and care-partners alike. In many cultures across Asia and beyond, patients can present with physical symptoms to express underlying psychological distress with increasing physical investigations. Simultaneously, in various countries, a shift from asylums to community-based interventions and then home treatments have changed psychiatric care in remarkable ways. These changes have added to pressures faced by mental healthcare professionals. However, trainees and other mental healthcare professionals continue to receive similar training as they did a generation ago. The tensions and differences in ideology/orientation between different branches of psychiatry have made responses to patient needs challenging. Recognising that it is difficult to predict the future, this World Psychiatric Association-Asian Journal of Psychiatry Commission makes recommendations that could help institutions and individuals enhance psychiatric education. This Commission draws from existing resources and recent developments to propose a training framework for future psychiatrists