Adoptions of children in Romania: Applying attachment theory

AbstractProblem Statement: Attachment theory is the framework of understanding the child's adoption. Purpose of Study: This study is focused on the supportive factors for successful adoption. Research Methods: Clinical interviews with children (Friend and Family's Interview - FFI) and parents (Parent development Interview- PDI). Findings: Half of the 40 adopted children assessed have a secure attachment. Conclusions: When parents are aware about their role in promoting the child attachment, children develop secure attachment (B). This conclusion has a good potential for practical application in the training offered by child protection structures to the parents who are candidates for adoption

Algoritmi posibili pentru determinarea reacțiilor adverse cauzate de suplimentele alimentare în România

Introduction. The advertising of food supplements on various media channels or in specialty stores with natural products and other places, as well as the lack of informative and educational programs for the population upon side effects and the interaction of food supplements with food and drugs, have led to the development of uncontrolled marketing of these products. Material and methods. PubMed, ResearchGate and EUR-Lex databases were analyzed during 2015-2021, based on search criteria based on: adverse reactions, ingredient new food, food supplements, algorithms. Results. Certain dietary supplements can cause multiple side effects, such as: impaired platelet function by decreased platelet aggregation, gastrointestinal side effects (diarrhea, vomiting), decreased wound healing/epithelialization, bacterial or fungal sepsis, most common in patients older. Herbal resources such as Aloe vera, Matricaria recutita, Taraxacum officinale and others, can cause dermatological side effects and inhibit the elimination of dermatological drugs metabolised by cytochrome P-450 (e.g. terbinafine). Matricaria recutita, Allium sativum, Mentha piperita L. and others, inhibit the enzyme CYP2C9. Another enzyme with a role in the metabolism of dermatological drugs and which is inhibited by plant resources is CYP3A4. Conclusions. It is imperative to legislate the reporting of adverse reactions caused by food supplements, including their interaction with food or drugs.Introducere. Promovarea suplimentelor alimentare în diverse surse media sau de către unele magazine, în special de cele specializate în comercializarea produselor naturale, precum și lipsa programelor informative și educaționale pentru populație cu privire la efectele secundare și interacțiunea suplimentelor alimentare cu alimentele și medicamentele, au dus la dezvoltarea comercializării necontrolate a acestor produse. Material si metode. Bazele de date PubMed, Research Gate și EUR-Lex au fost analizate în perioada 2015-2021, pe baza criteriilor de căutare: reacții adverse, ingrediente alimentare noi, suplimente alimentare, algoritmi. Rezultate. Anumite suplimente alimentare pot provoca efecte secundare multiple, cum ar fi: afectarea funcției trombocitelor prin scăderea agregării plachetare, efecte secundare gastrointestinale (diaree, vărsături), scăderea vindecării/epitelizării rănilor, sepsis bacterian sau fungic, atestate cel mai frecvent la pacienții cu vârstă înaintată. Resursele vegetale precum Aloe vera, Matricaria recutita, Taraxacum officinale și altele, pot provoca reacții adverse dermatologice și inhiba eliminarea medicamentelor dermatologice metabolizate de citocromul P-450 (de exemplu terbinafină). Matricaria recutita, Allium sativum, Mentha piperita L. și altele, inhibă enzima CYP2C9. O altă enzimă cu rol în metabolismul medicamentelor dermatologice și care este inhibată de resursele vegetale este CYP3A4. Concluzii. Este imperativ să se reglementeze raportarea reacțiilor adverse cauzate de suplimentele alimentare, inclusiv interacțiunea acestora cu alimentele sau medicamentele

Possible algorithms for determining adverse reactions caused by food supplements in Romania

George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania, Richter Pharmacy no 7, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaIntroduction. The advertising of food supplements on various media channels or in specialty stores with natural products and other stores, as well as the lack of informative and educational programs for the population on side effects and the interaction of food supplements with food and drugs, have led to the development of uncontrolled marketing of these products. Through this paper we want to present the algorithms that can be applied to determine the side effects caused by food supplements in Romania, the need to initiate a legislative project on reporting these side effects and educating the population on the consumption of food supplements. Material and methods. PubMed, ResearchGate and EUR-Lex databases (online portal providing access to EU legislation) were analyzed between 2015-2021, based on search criteria: adverse reactions, ingredient new food, food supplements, algorithms. Results. Dietary supplements concentrated sources of nutrients or other substances with a beneficial nutritional or physiological effect intended to supplement a normal diet. They can be sold as capsules, dragees, tablets, sachets or in bottles. Certain dietary supplements can cause multiple side effects, such as: impaired platelet function by decreased platelet aggregation, gastrointestinal side effects (diarrhea, vomiting), decreased wound healing/epithelialization, bacterial or fungal sepsis, most common in patients older. Probiotics that can cause human sepsis, generally in elderly patients and those suffering from chronic diseases, are Lactobacilli (strains of L. rhamnosis, due to its high translocation potential), Lactobacillus sp. bacteremia which is sometimes fatal, infectious endocarditis caused by L. rhamnosus, L. casei, L. acidophilus, L. jensenii, L. plantarum and L. paracasei. They can cause anaphylactic response in patients who have undergone cardiovascular surgery or localized infection in diabetes associated with old age and liver transplantation. Side effects have also been found with mineral supplements, omega 3 / fish oil, soy protein, soy protein, plant nutrients, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, supplements for weight loss or bodybuilding, various botanical supplements. Multi-skeletal distortion, fatigue, pain and gastrointestinal symptoms and hepatic adverse events have been reported with the nutraceutical ingredient RYR (red rice yeast) at the doses recommended by EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). With the exception of "classic" foods (hazelnuts, nuts, eggs, etc.) known to cause certain side effects such as allergies, the development of the food industry has led to the emergence of foods eaten especially by teenagers, such as energy drinks. Frequent consumption of this type of drink was significantly associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, high stress, lack of sleep, poor school performance and suicide attempts in Korean adolescents. Conclusions. It is imperative to legislate the reporting of adverse reactions caused by food supplements, including their interaction with food or medicine. The veracity of the practical applicability of the legislation and the existence of an educational program of the population, make this action not to become null and void. Using the algorithms applied to analyze the severity - causality of adverse reactions caused by drugs, in Romania, nutrivigilence can be implemented for the health and safety of the population

The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for the European Union and United Kingdom : 1990-2019

Funding Information: We thank Aurélie Paquirissamy, Géraud Moulas and the ARTTIC team for the great managerial support offered during the project. FAOSTAT statistics are produced and disseminated with the support of its member countries to the FAO regular budget. Annual, gap-filled and harmonized NGHGI uncertainty estimates for the EU and its member states were provided by the EU GHG inventory team (European Environment Agency and its European Topic Centre on Climate change mitigation). Most top-down inverse simulations referred to in this paper rely for the derivation of optimized flux fields on observational data provided by surface stations that are part of networks like ICOS (datasets: 10.18160/P7E9-EKEA , Integrated Non-CO Observing System, 2018a, and 10.18160/B3Q6-JKA0 , Integrated Non-CO Observing System, 2018b), AGAGE, NOAA (Obspack Globalview CH: 10.25925/20221001 , Schuldt et al., 2017), CSIRO and/or WMO GAW. We thank all station PIs and their organizations for providing these valuable datasets. We acknowledge the work of other members of the EDGAR group (Edwin Schaaf, Jos Olivier) and the outstanding scientific contribution to the VERIFY project of Peter Bergamaschi. Timo Vesala thanks ICOS-Finland, University of Helsinki. The TM5-CAMS inversions are available from https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu (last access: June 2022); Arjo Segers acknowledges support from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, implemented by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts on behalf of the European Commission (grant no. CAMS2_55). This research has been supported by the European Commission, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (VERIFY, grant no. 776810). Ronny Lauerwald received support from the CLand Convergence Institute. Prabir Patra received support from the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (grant no. JPMEERF20182002) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan. Pierre Regnier received financial support from the H2020 project ESM2025 – Earth System Models for the Future (grant no. 101003536). David Basviken received support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (METLAKE, grant no. 725546). Greet Janssens-Maenhout received support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (CoCO, grant no. 958927). Tuula Aalto received support from the Finnish Academy (grants nos. 351311 and 345531). Sönke Zhaele received support from the ERC consolidator grant QUINCY (grant no. 647204).Peer reviewedPublisher PD