37 research outputs found

    Une approche vers la synthÚse des leustroducsines par réaction de nitroso Diels-Alder

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    Leustroducsins are natural products produced by bacteria called Streptomyces Platensis. They have shown antifungal, antibacterial as well as antitumoral activities, which make them interesting for therapeutic studies.Our team is interested in the synthesis of these compounds and our retrosynthetic analysis shows that leustroducsins can be obtain by a coupling between three fragments: a lactone fragment, a cyclohexane moiety and a dihydrooxazinone type central fragment. We also suggest a flexible synthesis since we can couple the three fragments in different orders and cleavage of the N-O bond can be achieved before or after addition of the lactone fragment. Hence we have many alternative solutions.The dihydrooxazinone is obtained by a regio- and stereoselective nitroso Diels-Alder reaction. We thought of two ketone precursors: vinyl bromide or enol phosphate. In the first case, we did not succeed in forming the ketone contrary to the second case, in which we obtained the dihydrooxazinone. Stereoselectivity was controlled (86 % ee) during nitroso Diels-Alder reaction thanks to the Wightman’s reagent, a chiral nitroso compound. Regarding the lactone fragment, the two stereocenters were introduced via an original [2+2] cycloaddition between a ketene and an aldehyde in the presence of the chiral Nelson’s catalyst. Opening of the cycloadduct by t-butyl acetate followed by lactonisation and dehydration in acidic conditions leads to the lactone fragment with 90 % ee.Coupling of the two fragments was performed after a prior change of the lactone fragment into a lithium derivative with 46 % yield. We are now studying the cleavage of the N-O bond.Les leustroducsines sont des molĂ©cules naturelles issues de la bactĂ©rie Streptomyces Platensis. Elles ont montrĂ© des activitĂ©s antifongiques, antibactĂ©riennes et antitumorales, les rendant intĂ©ressantes pour des Ă©tudes thĂ©rapeutiques. Notre Ă©quipe s’intĂ©resse Ă  la synthĂšse de ces composĂ©s et notre analyse rĂ©trosynthĂ©tique montre que les leustroducsines peuvent s’obtenir par couplage entre trois fragments : un fragment lactone, un fragment dĂ©rivĂ© du cyclohexane et un fragment central de type dihydrooxazinone. Nous proposons Ă©galement une synthĂšse flexible puisque les trois fragments peuvent ĂȘtre couplĂ©s dans diffĂ©rents ordres et la coupure de la liaison N-O peut se faire avant ou aprĂšs l’addition du fragment lactone. Ceci offre donc de nombreuses solutions de repli. La synthĂšse de la dihydrooxazinone passe par une rĂ©action de nitroso Diels-Alder rĂ©gio- et stĂ©rĂ©osĂ©lective. Nous avons envisagĂ© deux groupements prĂ©curseurs de cĂ©tone : un bromure de vinyle ou un phosphate d’énol. Dans le premier cas, nous n’avons pas rĂ©ussi Ă  obtenir la cĂ©tone contrairement au deuxiĂšme cas, oĂč nous sommes parvenus Ă  former la dihydrooxazinone. La stĂ©rĂ©osĂ©lectivitĂ© a Ă©tĂ© contrĂŽlĂ©e (86 % ee) lors de la rĂ©action de nitroso Diels-Alder par l’emploi du rĂ©actif de Wightman, un dĂ©rivĂ© nitroso chiral. Quant au fragment lactone, les deux centres asymĂ©triques ont Ă©tĂ© introduits de maniĂšre originale par une cycloaddition [2+2] entre un cĂ©tĂšne et un aldĂ©hyde en prĂ©sence du catalyseur de Nelson chiral. L’ouverture du cycloadduit par de l’acĂ©tate de t-butyle suivi d’une lactonisation et dĂ©shydratation en milieu acide conduit au fragment lactone avec 90 % ee. Le couplage entre les deux fragments a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© aprĂšs transformation prĂ©alable du fragment lactone en dĂ©rivĂ© de lithium avec 46 % de rendement. La rĂ©action de coupure de la liaison N-O est actuellement Ă  l’étude

    An approach towards the synthesis of leustroducsins via a nitroso Diels-Alder reaction

    No full text
    Les leustroducsines sont des molĂ©cules naturelles issues de la bactĂ©rie Streptomyces Platensis. Elles ont montrĂ© des activitĂ©s antifongiques, antibactĂ©riennes et antitumorales, les rendant intĂ©ressantes pour des Ă©tudes thĂ©rapeutiques. Notre Ă©quipe s’intĂ©resse Ă  la synthĂšse de ces composĂ©s et notre analyse rĂ©trosynthĂ©tique montre que les leustroducsines peuvent s’obtenir par couplage entre trois fragments : un fragment lactone, un fragment dĂ©rivĂ© du cyclohexane et un fragment central de type dihydrooxazinone. Nous proposons Ă©galement une synthĂšse flexible puisque les trois fragments peuvent ĂȘtre couplĂ©s dans diffĂ©rents ordres et la coupure de la liaison N-O peut se faire avant ou aprĂšs l’addition du fragment lactone. Ceci offre donc de nombreuses solutions de repli. La synthĂšse de la dihydrooxazinone passe par une rĂ©action de nitroso Diels-Alder rĂ©gio- et stĂ©rĂ©osĂ©lective. Nous avons envisagĂ© deux groupements prĂ©curseurs de cĂ©tone : un bromure de vinyle ou un phosphate d’énol. Dans le premier cas, nous n’avons pas rĂ©ussi Ă  obtenir la cĂ©tone contrairement au deuxiĂšme cas, oĂč nous sommes parvenus Ă  former la dihydrooxazinone. La stĂ©rĂ©osĂ©lectivitĂ© a Ă©tĂ© contrĂŽlĂ©e (86 % ee) lors de la rĂ©action de nitroso Diels-Alder par l’emploi du rĂ©actif de Wightman, un dĂ©rivĂ© nitroso chiral. Quant au fragment lactone, les deux centres asymĂ©triques ont Ă©tĂ© introduits de maniĂšre originale par une cycloaddition [2+2] entre un cĂ©tĂšne et un aldĂ©hyde en prĂ©sence du catalyseur de Nelson chiral. L’ouverture du cycloadduit par de l’acĂ©tate de t-butyle suivi d’une lactonisation et dĂ©shydratation en milieu acide conduit au fragment lactone avec 90 % ee. Le couplage entre les deux fragments a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© aprĂšs transformation prĂ©alable du fragment lactone en dĂ©rivĂ© de lithium avec 46 % de rendement. La rĂ©action de coupure de la liaison N-O est actuellement Ă  l’étude.Leustroducsins are natural products produced by bacteria called Streptomyces Platensis. They have shown antifungal, antibacterial as well as antitumoral activities, which make them interesting for therapeutic studies.Our team is interested in the synthesis of these compounds and our retrosynthetic analysis shows that leustroducsins can be obtain by a coupling between three fragments: a lactone fragment, a cyclohexane moiety and a dihydrooxazinone type central fragment. We also suggest a flexible synthesis since we can couple the three fragments in different orders and cleavage of the N-O bond can be achieved before or after addition of the lactone fragment. Hence we have many alternative solutions.The dihydrooxazinone is obtained by a regio- and stereoselective nitroso Diels-Alder reaction. We thought of two ketone precursors: vinyl bromide or enol phosphate. In the first case, we did not succeed in forming the ketone contrary to the second case, in which we obtained the dihydrooxazinone. Stereoselectivity was controlled (86 % ee) during nitroso Diels-Alder reaction thanks to the Wightman’s reagent, a chiral nitroso compound. Regarding the lactone fragment, the two stereocenters were introduced via an original [2+2] cycloaddition between a ketene and an aldehyde in the presence of the chiral Nelson’s catalyst. Opening of the cycloadduct by t-butyl acetate followed by lactonisation and dehydration in acidic conditions leads to the lactone fragment with 90 % ee.Coupling of the two fragments was performed after a prior change of the lactone fragment into a lithium derivative with 46 % yield. We are now studying the cleavage of the N-O bond

    Corrélations entre maillages 3D au moyen du logiciel R : application à l'imagerie par IRM de l'accident vasculaire cérébral

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    International audienceNous prĂ©sentons une analyse statistique, rĂ©alisĂ©e avec le logiciel R, sur des images obtenues par imagerie par rĂ©sonance magnĂ©tique (IRM) dans le cadre d'un suivi longitudinal de patients ayant subi un accident vasculaire cĂ©rĂ©bral (AVC). L'analyse s'effectue sur une cohorte d'environ 400 patients suivis Ă  4 dates diffĂ©rentes : heure d'arrivĂ©e aux urgences, deux heures aprĂšs, deux jours aprĂšs puis un mois aprĂšs. Les patients de cette cohorte sont tous atteints d'un AVC, oĂč une lĂ©sion est observĂ©e dans les images IRM

    Villes en décroissance

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    International audienc

    Shrinking Cities

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    International audienceBrexit in the United Kingdom, the election of Donald Trump in the United States, the rise of extreme-right populist parties in France or more recently in Germany: these recent events have the common feature of being widely portrayed as the political consequences of the decline of old industrialized regions in Western countries. The question of the emergence of a “two-tier society”—characterized on the one hand by a tendency to concentrate the hopes of national economic prosperity in large metropolitan centers and, on the other, by growing territorial marginalization, “peripheralization”, or even irremediable decline—is now entering the public debate

    Gentrifications

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    International audienceHipsters, bobos, yuppies, gentrifieurs
 Les termes ne manquent pas pour qualifier les nouvelles populations qui s’approprient les quartiers centraux anciens de certaines mĂ©tropoles au dĂ©triment des habitants populaires. Mais cette profusion empĂȘche de comprendre le phĂ©nomĂšne : comment dĂ©passer les oppositions binaires entre gentrifieurs et gentrifiĂ©s ? Quels sont les moteurs, les logiques et les enjeux de la gentrification ? Est-elle vraiment inĂ©luctable ?AncrĂ©e dans des contextes prĂ©cis – historiques et gĂ©ographiques, Ă©conomiques et politiques –, elle s’incarne dans des bĂątiments, des commerces, des groupes sociaux, des pratiques et des esthĂ©tiques propres aux lieux dans lesquels elle se dĂ©roule. Pour cette raison, elle est irrĂ©ductible Ă  une mĂ©canique simple et identique d’une ville Ă  l’autre, d’un quartier Ă  l’autre. À travers l’exploration de la diversitĂ© des formes, des lieux et des acteurs de la gentrification dans une dizaine de villes europĂ©ennes (parmi lesquelles Paris, Montreuil, Lyon, Grenoble, Roubaix, Barcelone, Lisbonne, Sheffield) cet ouvrage se propose donc de dĂ©finir l’« ADN » de la gentrification : un rapport social d’appropriation de l’espace urbain, mettant aux prises des acteurs et des groupes inĂ©galement dotĂ©s

    Gentrifications: Views from Europe

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    International audienceOffering an original discussion of the gentrification phenomenon in Europe, this book provides new theoretical insights into classical works on the subject. Using a thorough analysis of the diversity of the forms, places and actors of gentrification in an attempt to isolate its ‘DNA’, the book addresses the place of social groups in cities, their competition over the appropriation of space, the infrastructure unequally offered to them by economic and political actors and the stakes of everyday social relationships

    Radiosensitizing Pancreatic Cancer with PARP Inhibitor and Gemcitabine: An In Vivo and a Whole-Transcriptome Analysis after Proton or Photon Irradiation

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    International audienceOver the past few years, studies have focused on the development of targeted radiosensitizers such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. We performed an in vivo study and a whole-transcriptome analysis to determine whether PARP inhibition enhanced gemcitabine-based chemoradiosensitization of pancreatic cancer xenografts, combined with either proton or photon irradiation. NMRI mice bearing MIA PaCa-2 xenografts were treated with olaparib and/or gemcitabine and irradiated with 10 Gy photon or proton. First, a significant growth inhibition was obtained after 10 Gy proton irradiation compared to 10 Gy photon irradiation (p = 0.046). Moreover, the combination of olaparib, gemcitabine and proton therapy significantly sensitized tumor xenografts, compared to gemcitabine (p = 0.05), olaparib (p = 0.034) or proton therapy (p < 0.0001) alone or to the association of olaparib, gemcitabine and radiotherapy (p = 0.024). Simultaneously, whole RNA sequencing profiling showed differentially expressed genes implicated in categories such as DNA repair, type I interferon signaling and cell cycle. Moreover, a large amount of lncRNA was dysregulated after proton therapy, gemcitabine and olaparib. This is the first study showing that addition of olaparib to gemcitabine-based chemoradiotherapy improved significantly local control in vivo, especially after proton therapy. RNA sequencing profiling analysis presented dynamic alteration of transcriptome after chemoradiation and identified a classifier of gemcitabine response
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