180 research outputs found
Witnessing effective entanglement over a 2km fiber channel
We present a fiber-based continuous-variable quantum key distribution system.
In the scheme, a quantum signal of two non-orthogonal weak optical coherent
states is sent through a fiber-based quantum channel. The receiver
simultaneously measures conjugate quadratures of the light using two homodyne
detectors. From the measured Q-function of the transmitted signal, we estimate
the attenuation and the excess noise caused by the channel. The estimated
excess noise originating from the channel and the channel attenuation including
the quantum efficiency of the detection setup is investigated with respect to
the detection of effective entanglement. The local oscillator is considered in
the verification. We witness effective entanglement with a channel length of up
to 2km.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
US Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter 2017: Community Report
This white paper summarizes the workshop "U.S. Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in
Dark Matter" held at University of Maryland on March 23-25, 2017.Comment: 102 pages + reference
Stromal Interferon-γ Signaling and Cross-Presentation Are Required to Eliminate Antigen-Loss Variants of B Cell Lymphomas in Mice
To study mechanisms of T cell-mediated rejection of B cell lymphomas, we developed a murine lymphoma model wherein three potential rejection antigens, human c-MYC, chicken ovalbumin (OVA), and GFP are expressed. After transfer into wild-type mice 60–70% of systemically growing lymphomas expressing all three antigens were rejected; lymphomas expressing only human c-MYC protein were not rejected. OVA expressing lymphomas were infiltrated by T cells, showed MHC class I and II upregulation, and lost antigen expression, indicating immune escape. In contrast to wild-type recipients, 80–100% of STAT1-, IFN-γ-, or IFN-γ receptor-deficient recipients died of lymphoma, indicating that host IFN-γ signaling is critical for rejection. Lymphomas arising in IFN-γ- and IFN-γ-receptor-deficient mice had invariably lost antigen expression, suggesting that poor overall survival of these recipients was due to inefficient elimination of antigen-negative lymphoma variants. Antigen-dependent eradication of lymphoma cells in wild-type animals was dependent on cross-presentation of antigen by cells of the tumor stroma. These findings provide first evidence for an important role of the tumor stroma in T cell-mediated control of hematologic neoplasias and highlight the importance of incorporating stroma-targeting strategies into future immunotherapeutic approaches
In Support of a Patient-Driven Initiative and Petition to Lower the High Price of Cancer Drugs
Comment in
Lowering the High Cost of Cancer Drugs--III. [Mayo Clin Proc. 2016]
Lowering the High Cost of Cancer Drugs--I. [Mayo Clin Proc. 2016]
Lowering the High Cost of Cancer Drugs--IV. [Mayo Clin Proc. 2016]
In Reply--Lowering the High Cost of Cancer Drugs. [Mayo Clin Proc. 2016]
US oncologists call for government regulation to curb drug price rises. [BMJ. 2015
Measurements of the leptonic branching fractions of the
Data collected with the DELPHI detector from 1993 to 1995 combined with previous DELPHI results for data from 1991 and 1992 yield the branching fractions B({\tau \rightarrow \mbox{\rm e} \nu \bar{\nu}}) = (17.877 \pm 0.109_{stat} \pm 0.110_{sys} )\% and
Measurement of inclusive production in hadronic decays
An analysis is presented of inclusive \pi^0 production in Z^0 decays measured with the DELPHI detector. At low energies, \pi^0 decays are reconstructed by \linebreak using pairs of converted photons and combinations of converted photons and photons reconstructed in the barrel electromagnetic calorimeter (HPC). At high energies (up to x_p = 2 \cdot p_{\pi}/\sqrt{s} = 0.75) the excellent granularity of the HPC is exploited to search for two-photon substructures in single showers. The inclusive differential cross section is measured as a function of energy for {q\overline q} and {b \bar b} events. The number of \pi^0's per hadronic Z^0 event is N(\pi^0)/ Z_{had}^0 = 9.2 \pm 0.2 \mbox{(stat)} \pm 1.0 \mbox{(syst)} and for {b \bar b}~events the number of \pi^0's is {\mathrm N(\pi^0)/ b \overline b} = 10.1 \pm 0.4 \mbox{(stat)} \pm 1.1 \mbox{(syst)} . The ratio of the number of \pi^0's in b \overline b events to hadronic Z^0 events is less affected by the systematic errors and is found to be 1.09 \pm 0.05 \pm 0.01. The measured \pi^0 cross sections are compared with the predictions of different parton shower models. For hadronic events, the peak position in the \mathrm \xi_p = \ln(1/x_p) distribution is \xi_p^{\star} = 3.90^{+0.24}_{-0.14}. The average number of \pi^0's from the decay of primary \mathrm B hadrons is found to be {\mathrm N} (B \rightarrow \pi^0 \, X)/\mbox{B hadron} = 2.78 \pm 0.15 \mbox{(stat)} \pm 0.60 \mbox{(syst)}
Search for Neutral Heavy Leptons Produced in Z Decays
Weak isosinglet Neutral Heavy Leptons () have been searched for using data collected by the DELPHI detector corresponding to hadronic~Z decays at LEP1. Four separate searches have been performed, for short-lived production giving monojet or acollinear jet topologies, and for long-lived giving detectable secondary vertices or calorimeter clusters. No indication of the existence of these particles has been found, leading to an upper limit for the branching ratio Z of about at 95\% confidence level for masses between 3.5 and 50 GeV/. Outside this range the limit weakens rapidly with the mass. %Special emphasis has been given to the search for monojet--like topologies. One event %has passed the selection, in agreement with the expectation from the reaction: %. The results are also interpreted in terms of limits for the single production of excited neutrinos
Measurement of the Quark and Gluon Fragmentation Functions in Hadronic Decays
The fragmentation functions and multiplicities in and light quark events are compared. The measured transverse and longitudinal components of the fragmentation function allow the gluon fragmentation function to be evaluated
Measurement of the B oscillation frequency using kaons, leptons and jet charge
A measurement of the mass difference, \Delta m_d, between the two physical \mbox{B}^0_d states has been obtained from the analysis of the impact parameter distribution of a lepton emitted at large transverse momentum (p_t) relative to the jet axis and from the analysis of the flight distance distribution of secondary vertices tagged by either a high p_t lepton or an identified kaon. In the opposite hemisphere of the event, the charge of the initial quark has been evaluated using a high p_t lepton, a charged kaon or the mean jet charge. With 1.7 million hadronic Z^0 decays recorded by DELPHI between 1991 and 1993, \Delta m_d is found to be: \Delta m_d = 0.531^{+0.050}_{-0.046} ~(stat.) \pm 0.078 ~(syst.) ~ {\mathrm{ps}}^{-1} \,
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