La estructura del mercado de la televisión en Puerto Rico : globalización y concentración

El ensayo examina las tendencias de la globalización y la concentración en el mercado de la televisión en Puerto Rico durante el periodo 2003-2005. Se estudian los medios de comunicación líderes en Puerto Rico, particularmente los canales de la televisión terrestre, los operadores de televisión por cable y satélite y los índices de concentración en la cuota del mercado. Desde un enfoque histórico, se discute el desplazamiento de las empresas puertorriqueñas dedicadas a la explotación de la televisión, la posterior hegemonía de los grupos de comunicación norteamericanos en la televisión en Puerto Rico, el crecimiento de los canales religiosos y la infrarepresentación de los canales públicos en la distribución del espectro radioeléctrico.This paper examines the globalization and concentration trends of Puerto Rico's television market during 2003-2005 periods. The research analyzes contemporary mass media industry leaders in Puerto Rico, as well as, particular attention is given to terrestrial, cable and satellite television industries, and the concentration of market share in the Puerto Rican market. It provides an overview about the displacement of early Puerto Rican television companies by American communication groups, the increase of religious television stations, and the under representation of noncommercial stations in the radio-electric spectrum

Teaching-innovation experience in competitiveness and innovation in business

The aim of this paper is to contrast the students’ opinions about the teaching innovation experience carried out in the subject “Competitividad en Innovación en la Empresa” (Competitiveness and Innovation in Business). The procedure will start with the subject’s profile, going through the main objectives and teaching methodology, to finish with evaluation and assessment, as suggested in the subject’s syllabus for the academic year 2007/08. Taking this as a starting point and, due to the fact that the number of students in the control group is not very high, we suggest changing both the teaching methodology and the evaluation. These changes will be contrasted with the students’ acceptance and involvement.PROCEEDINGS C

Wolf spider burrows from a modern saline sandflat in central Argentina: Morphology, taphonomy and clues for recognition of fossil examples

Pavocosa sp. (Lycosidae) burrows found in an open sparsely vegetated area on the edge of the Gran Salitral saline lake, in central Argentina, are described. Burrows were studied by capturing the occupant and casting them with dental plaster. The hosting sediments and vegetation were also characterized. Inhabited Pavocosa sp. burrows display distinctive features as open, cylindrical, nearly vertical, silk lined shafts about 120 mm long, subcircular entrances, a gradual downward widening, and a particularly distinctive surface ornamentation in the form of sets of two linear parallel marks at a high angle to the burrow axis. Instead, casts of vacated Pavocosa sp. burrows showed some disturbances caused either by the reoccupation by another organism or by predation of the dweller. Two morphologies are related to reoccupation of burrows: those with a structure in form of an ``umbrella'' and another with smaller excavations at the bottom of the burrow. Predation by small mammals produces funnel-shaped burrows. Both active and abandoned Pavocosa sp. burrow casts are compared with existing ichnogenera and inorganic sedimentary structures, highlighting its distinction. It is argued that key features like the presence of a neck, a downward widening and the described surface texture will allow recognition of wolf spider burrows in the fossil record. However, the putative spider burrows described in the literature either lack the necessary preservational quality or do not show ornamentation similar to the modern wolf spider burrows. Fossil wolf spiders are recorded since the Paleogene (possibly Late Cretaceous), therefore Cenozoic continental rocks can contain wolf spider burrows awaiting recognition. In addition, the particular distribution of Pavocosa sp. in saline lakes may imply that this type of burrow is linked to saline environments.Fil: Mendoza Belmontes, Fatima del Rosario. Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva. Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica. Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Melchor, Ricardo Nestor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Piacentini, Luis Norberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentin

Asymmetrical treatment and revenue from regional protest

This study seeks to empirically determine to what extent continual protest by regionalist parties may generate revenue for their regions. To this end, we perform an econometric estimation using the collaboration agreements between Spanish governments and the autonomous communities as the dependent variable (first-level political and administrative divisions, CCAA in their Spanish initials). We test our hypothesis by analogously applying the economic specifications employed in studies of "pork barrel politics", including control variables regarding per capita income, regional financing systems, political variables such as support for regional governments from the same political party or the existence of pivot parties. The results support the theoretical conclusions reached by Treisman (1999), namely that non-sovereignist regionalism generates revenue while sovereignist nationalism or regionalism leads governments to react by applying unfavourable treatment. Similarly, the fact that a regionalist party plays a key role in the investiture of the national president brings with it even greater revenue to the region in question, concurring with the results predicted by Brancati (2008)

Joint 1D and 2D Neural Networks for Automatic Modulation Recognition

The digital communication and radar community has recently manifested more interest in using data-driven approaches for tasks such as modulation recognition, channel estimation and distortion correction. In this research we seek to apply an object detector for parameter estimation to perform waveform separation in the time and frequency domain prior to classification. This enables the full automation of detecting and classifying simultaneously occurring waveforms. We leverage a lD ResNet implemented by O\u27Shea et al. in [1] and the YOLO v3 object detector designed by Redmon et al. in [2]. We conducted an in depth study of the performance of these architectures and integrated the models to perform joint detection and classification. To our knowledge, the present research is the first to study and successfully combine a lD ResNet classifier and Yolo v3 object detector to fully automate the process of AMR for parameter estimation, pulse extraction and waveform classification for non-cooperative scenarios. The overall performance of the joint detector/ classifier is 90 at 10 dB signal to noise ratio for 24 digital and analog modulations

Foreign Immigrants in Depopulated Rural Areas: Local Social Services and the Construction of Welcoming Communities

Many rural areas in Spain suffer an acute problem of depopulation. In recent years the arrival of foreign immigrant workers has contributed to alleviating the situation. The social services in rural areas play a fundamental role in the reception of these new residents, and in attending to their needs. These immigrants find themselves in a very vulnerable situation. Added to the needs of any family group with very limited resources are the terms of being a foreigner in an environment in which the coethnic support networks are very scarce. The capacity of both rural councils and local social services to promote the social integration of the immigrants is very limited due to the lack of resources, and to the difficulties associated with the provision of social services in depopulated rural areas. Through in-depth interviews, carried out in a mountainous depopulated region in northern Spain, we analyse the discourses of mayors, social workers and members of civil organizations. The conclusions suggest that the construction of welcoming communities requires reinforcing the community dimension of social work in rural areas, and from an ecological perspective that enhances social participation and coordination among the social actors. Specifically directed initiatives are needed by means of cooperation among the different levels of government and between public and private actors

A ringed pole-on outflow from DO Tauri revealed by ALMA

We present new ALMA Band 6 observations including the CO (2-1) line and 1.3 mmcontinuum emission from the surroundings of the young stellar object DO Tauri. TheALMA CO molecular data show three different series of rings at different radial ve-locities. These rings have radii around 220 au and 800 au. We make individual fits tothe rings and note that their centers are aligned with DO Tauri and its optical high-velocity jet. In addition, we notice that the velocity of these structures increases withthe separation from the young star. We discuss the data under the hypothesis that therings represent velocity cuts through three outflowing shells that are possibly drivenby a wide-angle wind, dragging the environment material along a direction close to theline of sight (i= 19◦). We estimate the dynamical ages, the mass, the momentum andthe energy of each individual outflow shell and those of the whole outflow. The resultsare in agreement with those found in outflows from Class II sources. We make a roughestimate for the size of the jet/wind launching region, which needs to be of.15 au.We report the physical characteristics of DO Tauri?s disk continuum emission (almostface-on and with a projected major axis in the north-south direction) and its velocitygradient orientation (north-south), indicative of disk rotation for a 1-2 Mcentral star.Finally we show an HST [SII] image of the optical jet and report a measurement of itsorientation in the plane of the sky.Fil: Fernandez Lopez, Manuel. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía; ArgentinaFil: Zapata Gonzalez, Luis Alberto. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Instituto de Astronomia; MéxicoFil: Rodríguez, Luis F.. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Instituto de Astronomia; MéxicoFil: Vazzano, María Mercedes. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía; ArgentinaFil: Guzman, Andrés E.. National Astronomical Observatory Of Japan; JapónFil: López, Rosario. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Facultad de Física. Departamento Astronomía y Meteorología; Españ

On the Propertization of Data and the Harmonization Imperative

The digital age has paved the way for unforeseen and unconscionable harms. Recent experiences with security breaches, surveillance programs, and mass disinformation campaigns have taught us that unchecked data collection, use, retention, and transfer have the potential to affect everything from health-care access to national security. And they have shown the growing need for a solution that addresses this proliferation of intangible collective harms. This Note champions data propertization—the process of establishing a bundle of rights in data comparable to those that comprise property interests—as the proper method for preventing and redressing data harms. More specifically, this Note analyzes Illinois’s Biometric Information Privacy Act, California’s Consumer Privacy Act, Virginia’s Consumer Data Protection Act, and Colorado’s Privacy Act to show that data propertization is already underway under the banner of data protection and privacy. In each case, state law advances data propertization by empowering individuals with a bundle of rights that mirror emblematic property rights to possess, exclude, and alienate, while establishing a framework for enforcement of those rights. Notwithstanding this development, this Note also illustrates that differences between the four laws have exposed gaps in rights and enforcement, which only fragment and jeopardize data propertization. To address this issue, this Note prescribes a harmonized bundle of rights best suited to developing property interests in data and argues that those rights should be codified in federal law, dually enforced through agency enforcement and a private right of action. By eliminating gaps between existing data propertization laws and preventing the proliferation of others, such an approach would spur the development of a more cohesive and more significant property interest in data that is more capable of withstanding a new age of digital harms

Influence of maintenance actions in the drying stage of a paper mill on CO2 emissions

Greenhouse gases from industrial activities have become a global problem. Emissions management is being developed to raise awareness of the importance of controlling pollution in general and atmospheric emissions in particular. In 2017, the deficit of the rights of issuance in the industrial sectors increased up to 8.3% (verified emissions in 2017 versus allocation in 2017). This trend will increase more at the end of Phase III due to a progressive reduction in allocation. Phase IV will be much more restrictive in allocating emission rights than Phase III. The extra cost of this deficit reinforces the need for industry in general to reduce CO2 and for the paper industry to reduce GHG emissions and generate credits. Old factories are typically identified as sources of pollution in addition to being inefficient compared to new factories. This article discusses the possibilities of-fered by maintenance actions, whose integration into a process can successfully reduce the environmental impact of industrial plants, particularly by reducing the CO2 equivalent emissions (CO2-eq units henceforth CO2) they produce. This case study analyzes the integration of maintenance rules that enable significant thermal energy savings and consequently CO2 emissions reduction associ-ated with papermaking. Managing Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), such as the amount of cold water added to the boiler circuit and the conditions of the air blown into the dryer section hood, can be used as indicators of CO2 emissions generated. The control of the water and temperature reduces these emissions. A defined measure—in this case, t CO2/t Paper—indicates an achievement of a 21% reduction in emissions over the past 8 years.The authors thank the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for supporting through RTI2018-102215-B-I00 project

An initial exploration on the drivers for integrating small-farmers in supply chains and networks: propensity to collaborate

Supply networks are increasingly complex networks of interdependent organisations. In the case of food supply networks, globalization seems to be one of the main drivers for change. Agricultural producers have to deal with longer and more complex supply and value chains. However, globalization has resulted in both winners and losers among small farmers. This research looks at drivers for collaboration that may support small farmers’ integration to successful food supply chains. Even though cooperatives are a prominent form of farmer organization, there is little evidence that suggests that these have served as frameworks for successful integration of small-farmers into global supply chains. Hence, this paper focuses in an alternative Mexican legal figure for land collective ownership (‘ejido’) and explores their members’ propensity to collaborate. An exploratory research is conducted and initial findings are provided. As an initial outcome, this paper suggests the need for a complementary research approach to increase small farmers’ propensity to collaborate and work together. Areas for further research are identified