Association of 5-HT1A Receptors with Affective Disorders

Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is synthesized in both the brain and peripheral system, which exert their actions at a wide family of receptors classified as 5-HT1 to 5-HT7. Pharmacological, behavioral, and clinical studies involve particularly to the 5-HT1A receptors (5-HT1A-R) - auto-receptors (presynaptic) and heteroreceptors (postsynaptic) - in the control of motivated behavior, and consequently in the physiopathology of affective disorders and in the action mechanism of antidepressant drugs. In this way, some research support that 5-HT1A-R participates in the delayed effect of different types of antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and tricyclic drugs, principally. The therapeutic effect of serotonergic drugs as the SSRIs, starting with the binding to auto-receptors, which produces increases of 5-HT in the synaptic cleft as consequence of blockade of serotonin reuptake. While these molecular events occur initially, in the long-term are produced plastic changes at neuronal level, as well as down-regulation of the 5-HT1A-R, which is associated with the therapeutic effects of antidepressant drugs. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze and discuss the current information about of 5-HT1A-R-mediated signaling cascades, the intracellular signaling of 5-HT1A-R, in addition to their expression and pharmacology that are important to treatment of affective disorders symptoms

El uso del foro en Educación Superior: aplicación para la asignatura "Economía de la Empresa: dirección y organización"

Colección: Contextos Universitarios Transformadores (CUT). Número 7[Resumen] Las actividades de innovación docente, basadas en el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, están adquiriendo cada vez una mayor relevancia. Tales actividades permiten el desarrollo de espacios de aprendizaje basados en discusiones académicas que favorecen el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico por parte de los estudiantes a partir de la comunicación. En este contexto, los foros están adquiriendo una gran relevancia debido a que permiten ubicar al alumnado en una determinada problemática, motivarlo a intervenir en la discusión y darle la oportunidad de contribuir con su punto de vista. El presente trabajo analiza la experiencia desarrollada en el uso de foros en la asignatura Economía de la Empresa: Dirección y Organización en el Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas (ADE) y en el doble grado en ADE y Derecho en el curso 2021-2022 de la Facultad de Economía y Empresa de la Universidade da Coruña. Tras el desarrollo de los mismos, se realizó una encuesta a los/as estudiantes, cuyos resultados ponen de manifiesto que los aspectos más valorados de los foros para los estudiantes de ADE y ADE y Derecho son la utilidad percibida -relacionada con la dimensión de aceptación tecnológica de la herramienta- y la autoeficacia percibida respectivamente -relacionada con la dimensión social cognitiva que provee la herramienta-. En cuanto a los aspectos menos valorados de los foros, tanto los estudiantes de ADE como los de ADE y Derecho señalan la facilidad percibida de uso -relacionada con la dimensión de aceptación tecnológica de la herramienta-.[Abstract] Teaching innovation activities, based on the use of information and communication technologies, are becoming increasingly important. Such activities allow the development of learning spaces based on academic discussions that favor students´ critical thinking development based on communication. In this context, the forums are acquiring great relevance because they allow the students to be placed in a certain problem, motivate them to intervene in the discussion and give them the opportunity to contribute with their point of view. The present paper analyses the experience developed in the use of forums in the subject Business Economics: Management and Organization in the Degree in Business Administration and Management (ADE) and in the double degree in ADE and Law in the 2021-2022 academic year from the Faculty of Economics and Business of the University of A Coruna. Once the forums were developed, a survey was carried out to the students whose results show that the most valued aspects of the forums for Business Administration students and for Business Administration and Law students are the perceived usefulness -related to the dimension of technological acceptance of the tool- and the perceived self-efficacy respectively -related to the cognitive social dimension provided by the tool. Regarding the least valued aspects of the forums, both Business Administration students and Business Administration and Law students point to the perceived ease of use -related to the dimension of technological acceptance of the tool-.http://hdl.handle.net/2183/3249

Eradication of bovine tuberculosis at a herd-level in Madrid, Spain: study of within-herd transmission dynamics over a 12 year period

BACKGROUND Eradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) through the application of test-and-cull programs is a declared goal of developed countries in which the disease is still endemic. Here, longitudinal data from more than 1,700 cattle herds tested during a 12 year-period in the eradication program in the region of Madrid, Spain, were analyzed to quantify the within-herd transmission coefficient (β) depending on the herd-type (beef/dairy/bullfighting). In addition, the probability to recover the officially bTB free (OTF) status in infected herds depending on the type of herd and the diagnostic strategy implemented was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Overall, dairy herds showed higher β (median 4.7) than beef or bullfighting herds (2.3 and 2.2 respectively). Introduction of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) as an ancillary test produced an apparent increase in the β coefficient regardless of production type, likely due to an increase in diagnostic sensitivity. Time to recover OTF status was also significantly lower in dairy herds, and length of bTB episodes was significantly reduced when the IFN-γ was implemented to manage the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that bTB spreads more rapidly in dairy herds compared to other herd types, a likely cause being management and demographic-related factors. However, outbreaks in dairy herds can be controlled more rapidly than in typically extensive herd types. Finally, IFN-γ proved its usefulness to rapidly eradicate bTB at a herd-level

Spatial dynamics of bovine tuberculosis in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain (2010-2012)

Progress in control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is often not uniform, usually due to the effect of one or more sometimes unknown epidemiological factors impairing the success of eradication programs. Use of spatial analysis can help to identify clusters of persistence of disease, leading to the identification of these factors thus allowing the implementation of targeted control measures, and may provide some insights of disease transmission, particularly when combined with molecular typing techniques. Here, the spatial dynamics of bTB in a high prevalence region of Spain were assessed during a three year period (2010-2012) using data from the eradication campaigns to detect clusters of positive bTB herds and of those infected with certain Mycobacterium bovis strains (characterized using spoligotyping and VNTR typing). In addition, the within-herd transmission coefficient (β) was estimated in infected herds and its spatial distribution and association with other potential outbreak and herd variables was evaluated. Significant clustering of positive herds was identified in the three years of the study in the same location ("high risk area"). Three spoligotypes (SB0339, SB0121 and SB1142) accounted for >70% of the outbreaks detected in the three years. VNTR subtyping revealed the presence of few but highly prevalent strains within the high risk area, suggesting maintained transmission in the area. The spatial autocorrelation found in the distribution of the estimated within-herd transmission coefficients in herds located within distances <14 km and the results of the spatial regression analysis, support the hypothesis of shared local factors affecting disease transmission in farms located at a close proximity

Wikis colaborativas. Una experiencia en la facultad de economía y empresa

Colección: Contextos Universitarios Transformadores (CUT). Número 7[Resumen] Los estudios realizados en los últimos años señalan el aprendizaje colaborativo y el uso de las TICs en el aula como herramientas esenciales de cara a promover un proceso eficiente de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Las wikis colaborativas recogen ambos aspectos, favoreciendo la cooperación del alumnado y mejorando sus competencias digitales. Por este motivo, en el curso 2020-2021, se ha llevado a cabo una actividad de wikis colaborativas en la materia Análisis Económico de las Organizaciones, que se imparte en el cuarto curso del doble grado de Administración y Dirección de Empresas-Derecho de la Universidade da Coruña. Con el fin de evaluar el impacto de esta actividad en el alumnado y en su proceso de aprendizaje, se ha elaborado un cuestionario, que ha sido contestado por los alumnos al finalizar la actividad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los alumnos perciben claramente que una aportación de calidad a la wiki será recompensada luego en los resultados de la materia. Sin embargo, los resultados en cuanto a que la participación en la actividad les ha gustado, aunque son buenos, pueden ser mejorados. Por tanto, cabe seguir mejorando en su diseño y contenidos.[Abstract] Studies carried out in recent years point to collaborative learning and the use of ICT in the classroom as essential tools to promote an efficient teaching-learning process. Collaborative wikis include both aspects, favouring student cooperation and improving their digital competences. For this reason, in the 2020-2021 academic year, a collaborative wiki activity has been carried out in the subject Economic Analysis of Organisations, which is taught in the fourth year of the double degree in Business Administration and Management-Law at the Universidade da Coruña. In order to assess the impact of this activity on the students and their learning process, a questionnaire was prepared and answered by the students at the end of the activity. The results obtained show that students clearly perceive that a quality contribution to the wiki will be rewarded later in the results of the subject. However, the results in terms of liking participation in the activity, although good, can be improved. Therefore, the design and content of the wiki can be further improved.http://hdl.handle.net/2183/3249

Impaired Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in a Spanish Cohort of Patients With COVID-19 Admitted to the ICU

SARS-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19, ranging from mild to critical disease in symptomatic subjects. It is essential to better understand the immunologic responses occurring in patients with the most severe outcomes. In this study, parameters related to the humoral immune response elicited against SARS-CoV-2 were analysed in 61 patients with different presentations of COVID-19 who were recruited in Hospitals and Primary Healthcare Centres in Madrid, Spain, during the first pandemic peak between April and June 2020. Subjects were allocated as mild patients without hospitalization, severe patients hospitalized or critical patients requiring ICU assistance. Critical patients showed significantly enhanced levels of B cells with memory and plasmablast phenotypes, as well as higher levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 with neutralization ability, which were particularly increased in male gender. Despite all this, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity was defective in these individuals. Besides, patients with critical COVID-19 also showed increased IgG levels against herpesvirus such as CMV, EBV, HSV-1 and VZV, as well as detectable CMV and EBV viremia in plasma. Altogether, these results suggest an enhanced but ineffectual immune response in patients with critical COVID-19 that allowed latent herpesvirus reactivation. These findings should be considered during the clinical management of these patients due to the potential contribution to the most severe disease during SARS-CoV-2 infection.This work was supported by the Coordinated Research Activities at the Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (COV20_00679) to promote an integrated response against SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) that is coordinated by Dr Inmaculada Casas (WHO National Influenza Center of the CNM) and a generous donation provided by Chiesi España, S.A.U. (Barcelona, Spain). The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article or the decision to submit it for publication. This work was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PID2019 110275RB-I00); the Spanish AIDS Research Network RD16CIII/0002/0001 that is included in Acción Estratégica en Salud, Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica 2016-2020, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Region Development Fund (ERDF); Miguel Servet - AESI, MPY 341/21. The work of ML-H and SR is financed by NIH grant R01AI143567. The work of MT is supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (COV20_00679). The work of LV is supported by a predoctoral grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI16CIII/00034-ISCIII-FEDER).S

Evidencia de la acción cicatrizante del Aceite de Girasol Ozonizado (OleoVET) en la herida de la oreja de un ternero (Reporte de un caso clínico)

En la actividad ganadera se presentan contratiempos o accidentes que originen heridas en los animales. La colocación de las presillas para identificar a los terneros, necesita la aplicación de un producto que acelere la cicatrización he impida la infección oportunista (miasis cutánea, entre otras). La carencia de productos de uso veterinario con este fin, hace necesaria la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas. En este trabajo se describe la evolución de un caso clínico de un ternero de la Empresa Pecuaria Genética “Niña Bonita”, Unidad de Recría 907, con una herida en la oreja por la colocación de la presilla de identificación, la cual se encontraba inflamada, con tejido necrótico, abundante infección, con dolor lacerante y un agujero que atravesaba el pabellón auricular. El tratamiento aplicado hasta el momento era Ivomec®, con el objetivo de eliminar las larvas de las miasis cutánea. Se comenzó a aplicar el OleoVET inmediatamente, después de realizar la limpieza mecánica de la zona con el HPI, el OleoVET se aplicó en cantidad suficiente que cubriera toda la lesión. Las curas se realizaron cada 24 h durante cinco días. Se registraron imágenes de la evolución de la herida perforante en las que se observa una reducción de la secreción típica infecciosa, conjuntamente con la regeneración vascular, además del crecimiento de nuevos vasos sanguíneos de color rojo brillante y el progresivo cierre de la herida. Se confirmó, la acción germicida del OleoVET canis, su acción estimuladora de la cicatrización de heridas y su utilidad en la Medicina Veterinarias de ácaros en tres etapas diferentes del proceso de fabricación. Se fortalece así el aseguramiento de la calidad de estos productos

Characterization and schematic modeling of a family system of bovine milk producers in Ciénega de Chapala, Mexico

Systems theory states that livestock production is dependent on the environment and goals and objectives of the system itself. Therefore, family systems of bovine milk producers (FSBMP) are considered as parallel systems: those in which there is a symbiosis between man and animals and relationships are only affected by environmental factors. The aim of this research was the characterization and schematic modeling of a FSBMP in the region of Ciénega de Chapala, Mexico. For characterization of FSBMP we used general theory of systems methodology and for modeling, a black box approach to integrate criteria such as: (a) internal consistency of the system, (b) interdependence of the system’s components. As a part of characterization, the type of producers was established and milk production was determined by simple random sampling (50% of the herd), milk being weighed at 7-d intervals during 180 d. Data were analyzed using mixed models with repeated measurements methodology. The inefficiency of the FSBMP analyzed (3 416 kg of milk per 305-d of lactation) was attributed to limited formal education of the producer (basic level), which was associated with inefficiencies in administration and in assimilation of technological packages. Milk production presented an abnormal lactation curve and was not affected by the time of year (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, efficient functioning of the FSBMP was limited more by knowledge of the producer about the animal component than by the environment in which the system operates

Geno-and cytotoxicity induced on Cyprinus carpio by aluminum, iron, mercury and mixture thereof.

Metals such as Al, Fe and Hg are used in diverse anthropogenic activities. Their presence in water bodies is due mainly to domestic, agricultural and industrial wastewater discharges and constitutes a hazard for the organisms inhabiting these environments. The present study aimed to evaluate geno- and cyto- toxicity induced by Al, Fe, Hg and the mixture of these metals on blood of the common carp Cyprinus carpio. Specimens were exposed to the permissible limits in water for human use and consumption according to the pertinent official Mexican norm [official Mexican norm NOM-127-SSA1-1994] Al (0.2 mg L 1), Fe (0.3 mg L 1), Hg (0.001 mg L 1) and their mixture for 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Bio- markers of genotoxicity (comet assay and micronucleus test) and cytotoxicity (caspase-3 activity and TUNEL assay) were evaluated. Significant increases relative to the control group (po0.05) were observed in all biomarkers at all exposure times in all test systems; however, damage was greater when the metals were present as a mixture. Furthermore, correlations between metal concentrations and biomarkers of geno- and cytotoxicity were found only at certain exposure times. In conclusion, Al, Fe, Hg and the mixture of these metals induce geno- and cytotoxicity on blood of C. carpio.CONACyT-Mexico, Project 18154